Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"First Report of Bacteria Associated With Bleeding Cankers on Oak Trees in Serbia","authors":"Miłosz Tkaczyk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Sikora,&nbsp;Ivan Milenković","doi":"10.1111/efp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of bacteria that are partly responsible for the oak dieback phenomenon, known as Acute Oak Decline, in Serbia. Seventeen symptomatic oak trees (both <i>Quercus robur</i> and <i>Quercus cerris</i>) were sampled in April 2024 and analysed using multiplex real-time PCR. <i>Brenneria goodwinii</i> was detected in one tree from Morović, whereas <i>Gibbsiella quercinecans</i> was found in two trees from Morović and Progar. This is the first report of these bacteria in Serbia, despite bioclimatic models predicting a low likelihood of their presence in the Balkans. Our results indicate the presence of oak dieback bacteria in areas where they have not yet been reported, highlighting the need for increased research and awareness of bacterial diseases in forest trees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oomycetous Pathogens of Chestnut Saplings Grown at Some Nurseries in Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye and Use of Phosphorous Acid and Potassium Phosphonate for Their Control","authors":"Deniz Çakar,&nbsp;Seçil Akıllı Şimşek,&nbsp;Mustafa Arslan,&nbsp;Salih Maden","doi":"10.1111/efp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The occurrence of Oomycetous pathogens and their pathogenicities on chestnut saplings, grown at four nurseries were investigated in this study. Also, the effectiveness of foliage applications of phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃) and Potassium phosphonate (K₃PO₄), against <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> which is the most common root rot pathogen of chestnuts in Türkiye was evaluated. Forty-three Oomycetous isolates were obtained using selective media, from sixty plant and twenty soil samples collected from the nurseries. Oomycetous pathogens were identified by molecular tools, using ITS, <i>cox1</i> for <i>Phytophthora</i> spp. and ITS and <i>coxII</i> primers for <i>Phytopythium</i> spp. <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> was the most frequently isolated species, recovered from two nurseries, Gökçebey and Pınar, while <i>Phytophthora inundata</i> was from only the Pınar nursery. Two <i>Phytopythium</i> species, <i>Phytopythium litorale</i> and <i>Phytopythium vexans</i> were also frequently isolated, the former from Pınar and Hendek nurseries and the latter from Gölköy, Hendek and Gökçebey nurseries. <i>Phytopythium</i> spp. did not produced necrosis as large as <i>P. cinnamomi</i> when inoculated on to young saplings. When H₃PO₃ and K₃PO₄ were applied on to foliage one or 2 weeks before the pathogen inoculation, they reduced necrosis lengths significantly compared to the simultaneous application of H₃PO₃ and K₃PO₄ with the pathogen inoculations. Necrosis lengths obtained by the K₃PO₄ treatment were significantly lower than H₃PO₃ treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Phytophthora and Water Shortage in the Canker Disease of Corymbia calophylla as Determined by Reflectance Spectroscopy and Biophysical Variables","authors":"Louise Croeser,&nbsp;Ryan Admiraal,&nbsp;Paul Barber,&nbsp;Treena I. Burgess,&nbsp;Giles E. St. J. Hardy","doi":"10.1111/efp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Corymbia calophylla</i> (marri), an iconic keystone species in the northern jarrah forest of southwestern Australia, is suffering from a stem canker disease caused by an endemic fungus, <i>Quambalaria coyrecup</i>. It is unusual for an endemic pathogen to have such a detrimental effect on a co-evolved host, unless host defence mechanisms have been compromised. This study investigated the role of <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> root infection and water shortage in predisposing <i>C. calophylla</i> to this canker disease, and whether these two stresses work synergistically to intensify the effect of the canker pathogen on <i>C. calophylla</i>. The roots of two-year-old <i>C. calophylla</i> plants were inoculated with <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in pot infestation trials, and 8 weeks later in the stems with the canker pathogen <i>Q. coyrecup</i>. Half of the plants were exposed to a water shortage treatment for the duration of the trial. Biophysical variables related to plant responses to the treatments were measured at harvesting. Reflectance spectroscopy measurements with a portable high-resolution spectroradiometer were also taken weekly. The normalised difference spectral index (NDSI) was calculated for every combination of reflectance values between 350 nm and 2500 nm for all time points, correlated with treatment effects, and displayed as heat maps. Fifty-seven vegetation indices (VIs), using wavelengths from different regions in the electromagnetic spectrum, were also calculated from the spectral data. Neither <i>P. cinnamomi</i> nor the water shortage treatments exacerbated the effect of the canker pathogen on the plants. The canker treatment increased plant stem diameter and canker volume significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The NDSI heat maps indicated that wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum's visible and shortwave infrared portions displayed the strongest correlations with the <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and water shortage treatments. For the canker treatment, it was the shortwave infrared portion. Six of the VIs responded significantly to the water shortage treatment: Carter index 1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), renormalised difference vegetation index (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), normalised difference water index (<i>p</i> = 0.012), normalised phaeophytinization index (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), photochemical reflectance index (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and red-green ratio index (<i>p</i> = 0.018). The renormalised difference vegetation index was also sensitive to the canker treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and the Carter index 1 to the <i>P. cinnamomi</i> treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Reflectance spectroscopy was able to track biochemical changes in <i>C. calophylla</i> leaves due to inoculation with <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, <i>Q. coyrecup,</i> and the water shortage treatment. However, more work must be done to identify optimum wavelengths specific to <i>C. calophylla</i> and its responses to pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colletotrichum siamense Causing Leaf Spot on Black Olive (Bucida buceras) in Mexico","authors":"David A. Cota-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Hugo Beltrán-Peña,&nbsp;Willie A. S. Vieira,&nbsp;Moisés Camacho-Tapia,&nbsp;Erika Lagunes-Fortiz,&nbsp;Luis M. Morales-Gallegos,&nbsp;Juan M. Tovar-Pedraza","doi":"10.1111/efp.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the summer of 2019, spots were detected on the leaves of black olive (<i>Bucida buceras</i> L.) trees distributed in urban areas in Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. Two single-spore isolates were obtained and identified as <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i> by phylogenetic analyses of concatenated sequences of the ITS, <i>gapdh</i>, <i>tub2</i>, <i>act</i>, <i>chs-1</i> and <i>gs</i> genes. The pathogenicity of the isolates was demonstrated through inoculations under controlled conditions. This is the first report of <i>C. siamense</i> causing leaf spot of black olive in Mexico and worldwide.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powdery Mildews on North American Oaks: High Levels of Diversity and Pathogen-Host Coevolution","authors":"Michael Bradshaw,&nbsp;Luis Quijada,&nbsp;Uwe Braun,&nbsp;Matthew E. Smith,&nbsp;Donald H. Pfister","doi":"10.1111/efp.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Erysiphe</i> species infecting oaks in North America are common and widespread, but compared to Asia and Europe, the taxonomy and phylogeny of North American species is unknown. The present study addresses this dispairity. Comprehensive multilocus phylogenetic analyses, including <i>CAM</i>, <i>GAPDH</i>, <i>GS</i>, ITS, <i>RPB2</i> and <i>TUB</i>, revealed a high degree of co-evolution between North American oaks and the <i>Erysiphe</i> spp. that infect them. A concatenated multilocus tree and individual trees based on single loci revealed many highly supported species clades. The clades are formally named to conform with the current taxonomic classification. Available names, such as <i>E. abbreviata</i>, <i>E. calocladophora</i> and <i>E. extensa</i>, are associated with corresponding clades, and are newly circumscribed supported by ex-type sequences or, if not available, by the designation of epitypes with ex-epitype sequences. <i>Erysiphe densissima</i> is reintroduced for a clade that corresponds to the old name ‘<i>E. extensa</i> var. <i>curta’</i>. Eight new species are described, including <i>Erysiphe carolinensis</i>, <i>E. gambelii</i>, <i>E. occidentalis</i>, <i>E. phellos</i>, <i>E. pseudoextensa</i>, <i>E. quercophila, E. quercus-laurifoliae</i> and <i>E. schweinitziana</i>. A new diagnostically and taxonomically relevant trait associated with the anamorphs of North American <i>Erysiphe</i> species on oaks has been assssed. This is a special conidiophore-like lateral outgrowth of the superficial hyphae, comparable to ‘aerial hyphae,’ which are also known for species of the powdery mildew genus <i>Cystotheca</i> which also infect <i>Quercus</i> species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Pathogens on Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) and French Broom (Genista monspessulana) From Chile","authors":"Felipe Balocchi,&nbsp;Eugenio A. Sanfuentes","doi":"10.1111/efp.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scotch broom (<i>Cytisus scoparius</i>) and French broom (<i>Genista monspessulana</i>) are two woody legumes native to Europe and North Africa that have become invasive in different countries around the world. In Chile, they are among the most serious invasive plants of the central southern regions, where they cause severe negative impacts to natural environments, and have become a serious problem in plantation forestry. Numerous studies have sought biological control agents for both species, however, this approach has not been explored in Chile. The aim of this study was to prospect for pathogens and diseases occurring in these weeds in invaded areas of Chile and explore these as potential biocontrol agents. Surveys were conducted in 13 invaded areas between the Biobio and Araucanía regions, and diseased plants of both species were collected for isolation. The putative pathogens isolated from each broom species were inoculated into healthy plants, and isolates producing symptoms identified by DNA sequencing. These isolates were used in pathogenicity tests on both weed species and on <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> plants. The most aggressive pathogens were <i>Fusarium sambucinum</i>, <i>F. solani</i> and <i>Phytophthora multivora</i> on <i>C. scoparius</i>; <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> and <i>Chondrostereum purpureum</i> on both weeds, and <i>F. tricinctum s.l.</i> on <i>G. monspessulana</i>. Except for <i>F. trincinctum s.l.</i>, all isolates caused lesions on both weeds, and except for <i>P. multivora</i>, all isolates caused lesions on <i>E. globulus</i> and/or <i>P. radiata</i>. Most pathogens on <i>C. scoparius</i> had been reported previously on this host elsewhere, while most pathogens on <i>G. monspessulana</i> represent novel associations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomatal Clogging by Aerosol Particles in Necrotised Pinus thunbergii Needles","authors":"Junhyung Park,&nbsp;Dahye Seo,&nbsp;Hyojun Ahn,&nbsp;Ki Woo Kim","doi":"10.1111/efp.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fine structures were investigated on <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> needles in the coastal area of Seocheon, Korea. Both asymptomatic and necrotised needles were collected and subjected to electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Particles of varying sizes and shapes covered both the asymptomatic and necrotised needles. The ratio of clogged stomata to open stomata was significantly higher in necrotised needles. X-ray microanalysis revealed particles composed of aluminium, calcium and silicon. However, sodium chloride crystals were rarely observed. These results suggest that needle necrosis in pine species may be associated with stomatal clogging by aerosol particles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Diseases: An Emerging Threat for Central European Forest and Urban Trees?","authors":"Francesca Dennert,&nbsp;Benno A. Augustinus,&nbsp;Beat Ruffner,&nbsp;Valentin Queloz","doi":"10.1111/efp.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacterial tree diseases have been mainly studied in agriculture and horticulture. For forest trees, damage due to bacterial diseases is understudied. Moreover, bacterial tree diseases often appear in the context of so-called complex diseases, which are dependent on other factors, such as multiple microorganisms, insects or abiotic factors which weaken the host. In recent years, outbreaks of bacterial tree diseases, such as <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> in the Mediterranean region or acute oak decline (AOD) in the United Kingdom, raised the awareness of bacterial diseases on forest trees. In this review, we aim to summarise the current issues and available knowledge about bacterial diseases of forest trees in Central Europe. Furthermore, we identify potential bacterial pathogens that could gain importance in the future for central European forests. The methods used were a systematic literature search and the analysis of the data collected over the last 10 years on bacterial diseases by the Swiss forest protection service. We conclude that, on one side, complex bacterial diseases could increase in importance, especially considering ongoing climate change. Therefore, the bacterial community of diseased trees (the pathobiome) needs to be studied more in depth to understand the emergence of complex bacterial diseases. On the other side, host ranges of highly pathogenic invasive genera and species, such as <i>Xylella,</i> need to be investigated experimentally for common central European tree species and varieties, to implement proactive risk management strategies against bacterial diseases in forest trees. Finally, urban trees and green spaces should be monitored more closely, as they could serve as starting points for bacterial disease outbreaks in forests, similarly to other emerging diseases and pathogens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection Severity of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Viscaceae) in Two Protected Areas in the Alborz Mountains, Iran: A Case Study","authors":"Davoud Kartoolinejad,&nbsp;Hooman Ravanbakhsh,&nbsp;Robert L. Mathiasen,&nbsp;Alireza Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Zabihollah Fadaii,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Zolfaghari,&nbsp;Alireza Moshki,&nbsp;Maryam Raeesi","doi":"10.1111/efp.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the severity of mistletoe infection on junipers and the relationship between tree characteristics, physiographic factors and mistletoe infection. The study was conducted in two protected areas: Parvar and Miankouh Tash in Semnan Province, Iran. A dwarf mistletoe-infested area of 400 ha was sampled by placing a 250 × 250 m grid over a map of each study area. A 20 × 20 m (400 m²) plot was placed at the intersection of grid lines. This resulted in a total of 110 forested plots: 45 plots in Parvar and 65 plots in Miankouh Tash. In each plot, all live junipers were measured for total height, crown area, collar diameter and crown diameter. Mistletoe severity was estimated using the 6-class dwarf mistletoe rating system (DMR). Dead trees were also recorded and examined for evidence of past mistletoe infection. The Boruta algorithm was used for feature selection, and the selected features were utilised for predicting DMR using a random forest (RF) model. Over 40% of junipers in the sample plots were infected and 7.5% were dead. Mortality was greater in severely infested plots compared to uninfested and lightly infested plots. The results of univariate analysis demonstrated that the largest trees across plots were more severely infected. Infection severity was highest on steep terrains (slopes more than 60%) where the largest junipers were growing. Based on Boruta feature selection algorithm, collar diameter, tree height and crown area of junipers have been detected as the most important variables for the explanation of infection severity. Crown diameter, geographical aspect, density of juniper trees, altitude and juniper canopy cover were classified as tentative variables in this model. Slope percentage beside two variables related to stand characteristics including all woody species (basal area and tree density) were the rejected variables. The correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the predictions by RF and the measured DMR were 0.83 and 0.53 respectively. These results indicate that the selected environmental variables can be used for spatial prediction of DMR in both study areas. Because increased mortality was observed for severely infected areas, more efficient management methods are needed to control the dwarf mistletoe populations in the Alborz Mountains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Fusarium Wilt and Pink Rot of Phoenix canariensis in South Africa","authors":"Felipe Balocchi,&nbsp;Michael J. Wingfield,&nbsp;Trudy Paap","doi":"10.1111/efp.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Canary Island date palm, <i>Phoenix canariensis</i>, is a popular ornamental species commonly planted in urban areas worldwide, including South Africa. In November 2023, symptoms typical of Fusarium wilt were detected on ornamental palms at the Waterfront in Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Samples were collected from three wilting palms with one-sided frond death and pink sporulation on the bark. Isolations to culture media yielded two fungal species, which were confirmed based on DNA sequence data as <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>canariensis</i> (Foc) and <i>Nalanthamala vermoesenii.</i> Fusarium wilt, caused by Foc, is among the most serious diseases of these palms. There is no effective treatment for this vascular wilt disease and infected palms inevitably die. Pink rot, caused by <i>N. vermoesenii,</i> is commonly found as a secondary infection associated with Fusarium wilt in <i>P. canariensis</i>. This is the first detection of the Fusarium wilt and pink rot pathogens in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}