Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Development of a qPCR Assay for the Detection and Quantification of the Fungal Pathogen Calonectria canadiana on Conifers","authors":"Philippe Tanguay,&nbsp;Nathan Benoit,&nbsp;Amélie Potvin,&nbsp;Louis Bernier","doi":"10.1111/efp.12885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A real-time PCR TaqMan assay was developed for the detection of <i>Calonectria canadiana</i>, a fungal pathogen responsible for damping off, root rot and seedling blight in conifer forest nurseries in central and eastern North America. While highly significant in Quebec Forest nurseries, coniferous seedling mortality decreased significantly when nurseries transitioned from bare root to container seedling production. However, over the past few years, this pathogen has re-emerged as a threat and millions of container white spruce seedlings were culled in two nurseries in eastern Quebec. A sensitive detection and quantification assay for <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i> was essential to investigate the biological and environmental factors driving this new epidemic. We designed primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i>. The resulting Ccan TaqMan assay successfully differentiated <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i> from other soil-borne pathogens of the Nectriaceae encountered in Quebec Forest nurseries. The limit of detection of the assay was established at eight copies of <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i> ITS. The Ccan TaqMan assay quickly identified the presence of the pathogen in both symptomatic and asymptomatic white spruce (<i>Picea glauca</i>) seedlings. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the pathogen was more easily detected when DNA was extracted from necrotic needles at the base of the stem rather than from necrotic roots. This molecular tool will greatly aid in understanding the biology and epidemiology of <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoscytalidium dimidiatum associated with Albizia lebbeck disease in Saudi Arabia: Symptomatology, pathogenicity and molecular identification","authors":"Khalid E. Hamed,&nbsp;Abdullah S. Alsohim,&nbsp;Christiane Baschien,&nbsp;Riyaz Z. Sayyed","doi":"10.1111/efp.12884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Botryosphaeriaceae fungi cause infections that generate disease symptoms in plants in extreme environments. The present study identified the causal agent of dieback disease on lebbeck trees in Saudi Arabia. <i>Albizia lebbeck</i> trees showed widespread dieback, decline and cracking symptoms of samples taken during a Qassim University, Saudi Arabia survey. The survey showed that over 80% of lebbeck trees showed wilted roots, stem cankers and death of wilted trees. Fungal colonies were obtained from symptomatic tissues cultured on water agar for 3 weeks at 25°C. Elongation factor alpha (EF1-728 F, AL33R), ITS (ITS4) and LSU (128) regions of the rDNA operon and the partial beta-tubulin gene (tub2; Bt2aF, Bt2bR) were sequenced for molecular identification. Based on morphological and molecular characterization, the pathogen was identified as <i>Neoscytalidium dimidiatum</i>. During the pathogenicity investigation, the fungus re-isolated from the infected seedlings expressed the same morphological characteristics on the culture media as the <i>N. dimidiatum</i> isolate. A host range study involving six tree species inoculation with <i>N. dimidiatum</i> caused wilting and death in three plants. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on <i>N. dimidiatum</i> in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal communities associated with Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Larix sp. seeds of different geographic origin: Implications for disease management","authors":"Rebecca Larsson,&nbsp;Audrius Menkis,&nbsp;Åke Olson","doi":"10.1111/efp.12880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12880","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Europe, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> and <i>Picea abies</i> are the most common coniferous tree species used in commercial forestry, which rely on high-quality reproductive material for successful reforestation. Clear-cut harvested forest sites are often replanted using tree seedlings, which are produced in forest nurseries using seeds from seed orchards. However, incidences of fungal diseases in seedling production show that a better knowledge of seedborne fungi, including fungal pathogens, is needed to manage diseases in forest nurseries. This study aimed to assess seedborne fungal communities associated with commercial seeds of <i>P. abies</i>, <i>P. sylvestris</i> and <i>Larix</i> sp. seeds originated from geographically separated regions in Sweden, Belarus, Finland and Poland. Fungal communities were obtained first from the seed surface and then from the seed tissue. These were analysed using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA region. The results showed that fungal diversity and community composition differed between the seed surface and the seed tissue. <i>Picea abies</i> accommodated a higher fungal diversity than <i>P. sylvestris</i>. In addition, a strong host affinity of the fungal community composition on the seed surface and a weaker association in the seed tissue was found. Fungal communities on <i>P. abies</i> and <i>P. sylvestris</i> seed surface differed significantly between geographical regions, whereas no regional differences were found in the seed tissue. The seedborne fungal communities included a high proportion of plant pathogens, among which the most abundant were <i>Sydowia polyspora</i> (13.3%), <i>Phoma herbarum</i> (11.2%) and <i>Sirococcus conigenus</i> (3.8%). In conclusion, the results showed (a) characteristic fungal diversity and community composition between the seed surface and the seed tissue; (b) a host-specific fungal community composition on the seed surface and in the seed tissue; (c) regional difference in fungal communities on <i>P. abies</i> and <i>P. sylvestris</i> seed surface, thus the movement of seeds between different regions can contribute to the spread of fungal diseases; and (d) the presence of a high incidence of seedborne fungal pathogens which suggest a potential need of preventative or control measures to reduce the occurrence of these fungi on the seed surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of leaf spot caused by Neopestalotiopsis and Calonectria species on Areca ipot seedlings in Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Romana Alyssa D. Mastrili,&nbsp;Jorge R. Ibarra Caballero,&nbsp;Pastor L. Malabrigo Jr,&nbsp;Jane E. Stewart,&nbsp;Jessa P. Ata","doi":"10.1111/efp.12883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Areca ipot</i>, a Philippine endemic species, is categorized as endangered primarily due to habitat loss. A severe outbreak of a new leaf spot disease was observed on <i>A. ipot</i> seedlings in a nursery. Morphological and molecular features of isolates from diseased samples were identified as <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> sp. and <i>Calonectria</i> sp. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> sp. and <i>Calonectria</i> sp. causing leaf spot on <i>A. ipot</i> in the Philippines.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Cryphonectria carpinicola on Carpinus betulus in Serbia","authors":"Ivan Milenković,&nbsp;Miloš Trifković,&nbsp;Dragan Karadžić,&nbsp;Dušan Jovanović,&nbsp;Zlatan Radulović,&nbsp;Marilia Horta Jung,&nbsp;Thomas Jung","doi":"10.1111/efp.12882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When monitoring the health status of various woody host plants in urban areas in Serbia, symptoms indicative of <i>Cryphonectria</i>-like infection were recorded on European hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>) trees in the natural monument ‘Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade’. One tree was affected by crown dieback while another one showed dieback of branches. Bark lesions were found on stems which contained numerous stromata with fruiting bodies and orange tendrils. Conidiomata were recorded solely in the infected tissue, producing hyaline, aseptate and bacilloid-shaped conidia with dimensions of 3.4 ± 0.46 × 1.2 ± 0.12 μm. In the isolation tests, all plated bark pieces were positive, and 25 isolates were obtained. Colonies on different agar media were white in the beginning, turning into orange-red colour during ageing. Optimum temperature for growth was 25°C and no growth was recorded at 30°C. A GenBank blast search and a phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences of five representative isolates revealed their identity as <i>Cryphonectria carpinicola</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>C. carpinicola</i> on hornbeam trees in Serbia, and implications of this finding are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analyses of distribution of the heart rot fungus Serpula himantioides in living Chamaecyparis pisifera using real-time polymerase chain reaction","authors":"Ryusei Haraguchi,&nbsp;Toshihide Hirao,&nbsp;Toshihiro Yamada","doi":"10.1111/efp.12881","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Serpula himantioides</i> is a widely distributed wood rot fungus that causes heart rot in various tree species. In Japan, heart rot associated with <i>S. himantioides</i> occurs in <i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i>; however, its distribution within living trees and changes in its abundance as decay progresses remain unclear. In this study, we used a real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay to specifically detect and quantify <i>S. himantioides</i> in wood. This allowed us to determine the distribution of <i>S. himantioides</i> in living <i>C. pisifera</i> and to monitor changes in its abundance as decay progressed. In addition, the mode of decay progression was characterized using nonhierarchical clustering. <i>Serpula himantioides</i> was detected from both decayed and undecayed heartwood and at sites as high as 12 m in the trunk, suggesting that it was widely distributed in the heartwood. The clustering analysis grouped samples into three clusters corresponding to the incipient, intermediate and advanced stages of decay. The abundance of <i>S. himantioides</i> increased from the incipient stage to the intermediate stage of decay and decreased at the advanced stage. The results quantitatively showed that intermediate stage decay moved up the trunk and replaced the part corresponding to the incipient stage as decay progressed. These results will be useful for devising methods for the early detection of heart rot caused by <i>S. himantioides</i> and to understand the progress of decay caused by wood rot fungi in living trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to A critical review on bacterial black spot of mango caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. Mangiferaetndicae: Current status and direction for future research","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/efp.12879","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12879","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sossah, F., L, et al. (2024). A critical review on bacterial black spot of mango caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. Mangiferaetndicae: Current status and direction for future research. <i>Forest Pathology</i>. 2024;54:e12860</p><p>Name of author number 6 on the above titled article was wrongly spelt. It was supposed to be FRED KORMLA ABLORMETI.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control and management of Phytophthora damage in forestry—A systematic mapping study","authors":"Noelia López-García,&nbsp;Carmen Romeralo,&nbsp;Jonas Rönnberg,&nbsp;Johanna Witzell","doi":"10.1111/efp.12878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant pathogens in the genus <i>Phytophthora</i> are a severe threat to forest plantations, ecosystems and tree nurseries. Especially in forests and natural ecosystems, there is a lack of effective measures to control and manage these pathogens. In this study, we conducted a systematic mapping review to collate evidence regarding the control and management of forest <i>Phytophthora</i> in different production settings and ecosystems. The study aimed to reveal possible knowledge gaps, thus guiding future research priorities. We extracted information from nine databases, limiting the search to studies published during the time period from January 2010 to December 2022. The articles were shared between three reviewers who classified the reports using a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 561 articles were included and mapped in a database using pre-defined coding, and critically appraised for relevance and reliability. The analysis showed that biological or bio-based measures were the most studied interventions, followed by genetics or breeding programmes, whereas chemical and silvicultural management approaches were less studied. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> has been the most studied species followed by <i>P. ramorum</i>. We discuss the current knowledge gaps in the implementation of existing research, likely due to a lack of holistic understanding of the processes over time and space, and suggest future research that is needed to manage <i>Phytophthora</i> in forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141596995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of rubber tree clones to black crust","authors":"Gabriel Leonardi Antonio,&nbsp;Túlio Augusto Mattochek,&nbsp;Dhonata Marcos Perfeito,&nbsp;Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior,&nbsp;Ivan Herman Fischer,&nbsp;Edson Luiz Furtado,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Firmino","doi":"10.1111/efp.12877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12877","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The occurrence of black crust, a disease previously considered secondary, has become a cause for concern due to early leaf fall in rubber trees (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>). This study aimed to identify sources of resistance to black crust in 21 clones of rubber trees in a clonal garden. To achieve this, the disease severity was evaluated through eight assessments conducted over a 2-year period. In each evaluation, 15 leaflets from three different parts of the plant (bottom, middle third and crown) were randomly collected, resulting in a total of 45 leaflets per plant. These leaflets were then taken to the laboratory, and the software Leaf Doctor was used to measure the percentage of leaf area exhibiting symptoms of black crust. The results were analysed using the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The clones with the highest infected leaf area observed during the evaluations were IAC300, IAC418, IAC503, PB311 and RRIM600. Clone IAC511 did not show any symptoms of the disease in any of the evaluations. Clones IAC301, IAC411, IAC501, IAC507 and IRCA111 exhibited low percentages of affected leaf areas. Additionally, this study revealed the progression of the disease over the evaluation period. The infection initially starts on the youngest leaves (crown) in March and subsequently intensifies in the middle third of the plant, corresponding to the youngest leaf previously infected in the crown. Furthermore, environmental data collected in the experimental area over the 2-year evaluation period indicated that the disease manifests with greater severity when the average temperatures fall below 25°C after periods of heavy rainfall, followed by dry periods with low relative humidity. The data presented in this study significantly contribute to the management of this disease in the field by identifying clones where the disease manifests with lower severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The outbreak of teak leaf blight disease caused by Alternaria alternata in the semi-arid Bundelkhand region of India","authors":"Ashajyothi Mushineni,&nbsp;Venkatesh Yagavachintapalli Narayanaswamy,&nbsp;Akash Yadav,&nbsp;Balamurugan Alexander,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar,&nbsp;Kavi Sidharthan Venkidusamy,&nbsp;Arunkumar Handa,&nbsp;Arunachalam Ayyanadar,&nbsp;Kumar Aundy","doi":"10.1111/efp.12875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Tectona grandis</i> is a vital hardwood tree species with substantial industrial and economic importance. From 2020 to 2021, an unusual leaf blight disease was observed in <i>T. grandis</i> saplings planted in the Nursery of the Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI), Jhansi, India. Disease incidence was recorded as 50%–70% with 40%–82% severity over two consecutive years on over 1000 saplings. The leaf blight disease was extensive, leading to defoliation of young leaves and mortality of teak saplings in the nursery. The pathogen was identified as <i>Alternaria alternata</i> following standard laboratory procedures and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The pathogenicity of two isolates, <i>A. alternata</i> TgAa1 and TgAa2, was proven under greenhouse conditions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the close association of TgAa1 and TgAa2 with other pathogenic <i>A. alternata</i> strains in the NCBI database. <i>A. alternata</i> is considered a severe foliar pathogen, known to cause leaf spot and leaf blight diseases in many annual and perennial plant species. Correct diagnosis and prevention are emphasized to contain the spread of teak leaf blight to other regions in India. This is the first report of <i>A. alternata</i> causing <i>Tectona grandis</i> leaf blight in the Bundelkhand region of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}