Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Erysiphe japonica var. japonica found on Quercus aliena in Korea","authors":"In-Young Choi,&nbsp;Lamiya Abasova,&nbsp;Joon-Ho Choi,&nbsp;Byoung-Ki Choi,&nbsp;Hyeon-Dong Shin","doi":"10.1111/efp.12819","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In October 2022, <i>Erysiphe</i> powdery mildew from the section <i>Typhulochaeta</i> was found on <i>Quercus aliena</i> for the first time in Korea. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular-phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) gene sequences of the rDNA, the fungus was identified as <i>Erysiphe japonica</i> var. <i>japonica</i>. This is the first report of <i>E. japonica</i> var. <i>japonica</i> in Korea and the third report of this mildew on <i>Q. aliena</i>, with this current fungus-host association spreading to China and Japan. Based on Korean samples, this study provides detailed morphology and molecular phylogeny of <i>E. japonica</i> var. <i>japonica</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41350406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field ready: Development of a rapid LAMP-based colorimetric assay for the causal agent of white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola","authors":"Olga Kozhar,&nbsp;Jorge R. Ibarra Caballero,&nbsp;Kelly S. Burns,&nbsp;Jane E. Stewart","doi":"10.1111/efp.12814","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12814","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The invasive fungal pathogen <i>Cronartium ribicola</i> causes white pine blister rust which is considered one of the most destructive diseases of five-needle (white) pines in North America. The disease has a life cycle that requires two hosts: white pines and <i>Ribes</i> spp., although other non-<i>Ribes</i> species, including <i>Castilleja</i> and <i>Pedicularis</i>, have been demonstrated as alternate hosts as well. Detection of this disease can be difficult because of the ephemeral nature of sporulation on pine hosts with ambiguity in other symptoms, and the alternate hosts for <i>C. ribicola</i> can also be an alternate host for other pine rust species. We used the previously published <i>C. ribicola</i> genome and species-specific real-time PCR assay to develop a field-ready loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) specific colorimetric assay for this pathogen. Specificity results across regionally identified pine rust pathogens showed the assay is highly specific to <i>C. ribicola</i> and can detect as little as 40 pg of pathogen DNA. We also developed a simple DNA extraction method that works with several tissue types (bark/phloem, aeciospores, and urediniospores/telia) to prepare the DNA samples for the LAMP assay. The DNA extraction and LAMP assay take ~70 min to complete and require a relatively small investment in equipment. This tool enables quick and efficient detection of white pine blister rust.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42518843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes to relative stand composition after almost 50 years of Heterobasidion root disease in California true fir and pine forests","authors":"D. Alexander Flores,&nbsp;Adrian L. Poloni,&nbsp;Susan J. Frankel,&nbsp;Richard C. Cobb","doi":"10.1111/efp.12811","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12811","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Agaricomycete <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> sensu lato (s.l.), a species complex of fungal pathogens, causes root and butt rot on conifers throughout the northern hemisphere, thereby shaping structure, composition, and evolution of vast and diverse forest ecosystems. We analyze forest change 48–49 years following Heterobasidion root disease emergence in 63 permanent plots first established in 1970–1972 and measured at least once every decade through 2020. We use this dataset to infer the long-term consequences of <i>Heterobasidion</i> root disease in a set of common forest types that reflect some of the most important hosts for this set of diseases in western North America. We contrasted three host–pathogen systems located within the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascades Mountain Range and the Modoc Plateau: (1) <i>H. irregulare</i> in host communities dominated by several <i>Pinus</i> (pine) species and <i>Calocedrus decurrens</i> (incense cedar) in Yosemite Valley, on the Sierra Nevada Range western slope; (2) <i>H. irregulare</i> in a largely single species (<i>Pinus jeffreyi</i>) host disease system on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades as well as the Modoc Plateau; and (3) <i>H. occidentale</i>—also on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada—in stands with a mixture of susceptible <i>Abies</i> (true fir) and a diversity of non-hosts for this <i>Heterobasidion</i> species. Approximately 50 years after disease emergence, relative basal area and stem density were significantly reduced within disease centres in all three pathosystems, but changes to forest composition and relative species dominance were determined by pre-disease host and non-host diversity. In the western-slope <i>H. occidentale</i> system, the disease increased the dominance of non-susceptible species, <i>Pinus</i> species and <i>C. decurrens</i>. In the multi-genus Yosemite pathosystem, <i>H. irregulare</i> did not significantly shift species dominance, and as expected, species shifts did not occur in the largely single-genus eastern-slope forests. In these widespread California forest ecosystems, two factors appeared to determine forest conditions almost 50 years after Heterobasidion root disease monitoring: the size of the disease centre and the initial diversity of non-hosts. Along with pathogen species, these factors appear to affect the local severity of disease as well as the degree of species shifts relative to initial plot compositions, reaffirming host susceptibility classifications associated with these forest types.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New branch disease of Styphnolobium japonicum caused by Fusarium solani in Xinjiang of China","authors":"Qian Wang,&nbsp;Yuanze Shi,&nbsp;Junnan Yu,&nbsp;Lulu Shan,&nbsp;Deying Sun,&nbsp;Shuqing Yang,&nbsp;Xiaofei Chen","doi":"10.1111/efp.12815","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Styphnolobium japonicum</i> (L.) Schott is a deciduous tree belonging to family Fabaceae and has been widely planted as garden greenery in China. In May 2021, a serious branch canker disease was observed in Alaer City. In order to identify the pathogen, five fungi were isolated from the diseased branches and the pathogenicity was evaluated by inoculating the branches outdoors. The pathogen was re-isolated from all the inoculated branches, therefore fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological characteristic and polygenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region, β-tubulin and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha, the pathogen was identified as <i>Fusarium solani</i>. This is the first report of <i>F. solani</i> as the causal agent of a branch canker of <i>S. japonicum</i> in Xinjiang of China.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48224057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitality characterization of stressed trees based on non-destructive and real-time monitoring of stem water content","authors":"Lei Liu,&nbsp;Runze Song,&nbsp;Qiaoling Han,&nbsp;Yue Zhao,&nbsp;Yandong Zhao","doi":"10.1111/efp.12816","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12816","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection of stem water content is necessary as it is an important indicator for measuring woody plant vitality. However, the relationship between stem water content, determined by non-destructive, real-time, and long-term monitoring, and woody plant vitality remains undefined. In this study, the response of woody plant vitality to stem water content under different stress (freeze–thaw, pest, or drought) was analysed by mining the dynamic characteristics of the stem water content in different woody plants at the temporal scales of year, month, and day. Compared with unstressed trees, stressed trees had contrasting diurnal patterns. The stem water content in <i>Populus koreana</i> Rehd. during the freeze period was much lower than that during the thaw period, and opposite diurnal variation trends were observed during the freeze and thaw periods. The stem water content in infected <i>Lagerstroemia indica</i> was lower than that in uninfected <i>L. indica</i>, and the amplitude of the diurnal variation curve was lower in infected than in uninfected <i>L. indica</i>. Under drought stress, the more severe the water shortage, the lower the stem water content in <i>Malus micromalus</i>. When it was below a certain threshold, the diurnal variation trend was opposite to that without water shortage. In conclusion, stem water content dynamics can be used to evaluate the cold, pest, and drought response of trees, which could monitor tree health and guide forest assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43359263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of vc and mating types of Cryphonectria parasitica isolates by multiplex PCR and their genetic diversity in 13 chestnut-growing provinces of Turkey","authors":"Deniz Çakar,&nbsp;Göksel Özer,&nbsp;Seçil Akıllı Şimşek,&nbsp;Salih Maden","doi":"10.1111/efp.12813","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12813","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetative compatibility (vc) and mating types and genetic diversity of <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> isolates were determined using 183 isolates obtained from 215 infected chestnut trees growing in 13 provinces of Turkey. Based on the cultural aspects, 143 of these isolates were evaluated as virulent whereas the remaining 40 isolates were hypovirulent. When vc types of 183 isolates were classically differentiated, 135 of them matched to EU-1 (82.3%), 29 of them to EU-12 (17.6%) vc type, whereas 19 of them did not match to the two. When molecular <i>vic</i> markers were used, all the isolates were assigned to two EU vc types; 149 to EU-1 (81.4%) and 34 (18.5%) to EU-12. Of the majority of the isolates, 134 (73.2%) had mating-type <i>MAT-1</i>, while 44 (24%) isolates had <i>MAT-2</i> and 5 (2.8%) isolates had both mating types. The population analysis based on two DNA marker systems, Inter-Primer Binding Site and Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism, showed no intraspecific genetic variation among the <i>C. parasitica</i> isolates. The prevalence of two dominant vc types revealed by this study shows that biological control with hypovirulent EU-1 and EU-12 isolates will be significant for the country. The results might be helpful to chestnut breeders carrying out resistance breeding studies to manage this disease based on hypovirulence attributed to <i>Cryphonectria hypovirus</i> 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44485106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) can directly transmit the fungal pathogens responsible for Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death","authors":"Kylle Roy,&nbsp;Kelly A. Jaenecke,&nbsp;Ellen J. Dunkle,&nbsp;Dan Mikros,&nbsp;Robert W. Peck","doi":"10.1111/efp.12812","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12812","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ecologically and culturally vital tree species, ʻōhiʻa lehua (<i>Metrosideros polymorpha</i>), is threatened by the fungal pathogens <i>Ceratocystis lukuohia</i> and <i>Ceratocystis huliohia</i>, the causal agents of the disease complex called Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD). Four invasive ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species in the Xyleborini tribe colonize ROD <i>Ceratocystis</i>-infested ‘ōhiʻa and produce inoculum through their frass; however, the potential for direct transmission of the ROD fungi by these beetles was unknown. We fulfilled Leach's rules to support insect transmission of ROD by documenting the visitation of these ambrosia beetles to healthy ‘ōhiʻa trees, culturing <i>C. lukuohia</i> and <i>C. huliohia</i> from the ROD-associated beetles using three different collection methods at multiple study sites, and challenging healthy ʻōhiʻa seedlings with beetles that were exposed to both <i>C. lukuohia</i> and <i>C. huliohia</i> cultures. We documented all four invasive ROD-associated ambrosia beetle species including <i>Xyleborinus saxesenii</i>, <i>Xyleborus affinis</i>, <i>Xyleborus ferrugineus</i>, and <i>Xyleborus perforans</i> to regularly visit healthy ʻōhiʻa trees on sticky traps. Viable <i>Ceratocystis</i> propagules were isolated from all species, and <i>C. lukuohia</i> was most commonly isolated of the two ROD-causing fungi. Consistently across all collection techniques, ROD <i>Ceratocystis</i> spp. were detected on just under 3% of all assayed beetles, with the highest detection rate from <i>X. affinis</i>. All four beetle species were capable of directly transmitting both pathogens to healthy ʻōhiʻa seedlings with a high rate of transfer. <i>Ceratocystis</i> spp. are highly virulent pathogens in trees, and a single inoculation can result in tree death, therefore any direct transmission is a cause for concern. After meeting the criteria of Leach's rules, we propose that <i>Xi. saxesenii</i>, <i>X. affinis</i>, <i>X. ferrugineus</i>, and <i>X. perforans</i> are vectors of <i>C. lukuohia</i> and <i>C. huliohia</i>, particularly in areas of high ROD pressure and tree stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards resolving Nothophaeocryptopus and Rhizosphaera inhabitants of spruce needles","authors":"Joanne E. Taylor,&nbsp;Ondřej Koukol","doi":"10.1111/efp.12807","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12807","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our knowledge of the endophytic fungal community associated with needles of Sitka spruce (<i>Picea sitchensis</i>) is rather limited, which contrasts with the importance of this tree species for forestry in the UK. In our study, we focused on the detailed characterization of multiple isolates tentatively placed into the genera <i>Nothophaeocryptopus</i> and <i>Rhizosphaera</i> that were obtained from needles of Sitka spruce and co-occurring Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) and Douglas fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii)</i> at four sites in Scotland and Wales. After a thorough analysis of their phenotype and analysis of two nuclear regions (ITS rDNA and gene for β-tubulin), we propose two species new to science and one new combination. <i>Nothophaeocryptopus piceae</i> was isolated from healthy green or brown needles from spruces and is currently known only as a sterile culture, but the taxonomic novelty is well supported by host affinity and results of molecular data analysis. <i>Rhizosphaera minteri</i> may also be distinguished based on the combination of host and molecular data, but morphologically, it is similar to <i>R. pini</i>. Finally, <i>Hormonema merioides</i> and <i>R. pseudotsugae</i> are found to be conspecific and a new combination <i>R. merioides</i> is proposed following the phylogenetic placement of this species. Our study highlights the importance of multiple approaches used in the identification of microfungi associated with coniferous needles. It is evident that morphologically identical fungi may represent distinct species differing in their host range and severity on the host. This study also provides a basis for future monitoring of these fungi associated with important coniferous forestry trees in the UK.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytophthora alticola and P. boodjera associated with decline of young Eucalyptus smithii trees in Uruguay","authors":"Franco De Benedetti,&nbsp;Victoria Moreira,&nbsp;Pedro Mondino,&nbsp;Sandra Alaniz","doi":"10.1111/efp.12810","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Eucalyptus</i> production mainly destined to cellulose pulp production has expanded strongly in the last 30 years in Uruguay. <i>Eucalyptus smithii</i> has recently emerged as a promising species for cellulose pulp production. However, an average of 40% of young trees die during the first and second summer of post-planting. In this study, 32 <i>Phytophthora</i> isolates were obtained from 132 <i>E. smithii</i> young trees with root and collar rot symptoms, confirming the association of <i>Phytophthora</i> to <i>E. smithii</i> decline. Based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS, TUB2, cox1 and HSP90 gene regions and phenotypical characteristics, two species belonging to the genera <i>Phytophthora</i> clade 4 were identified, <i>P. alticola</i> (96%) and <i>P. boodjera</i> (4%). Tested isolates of both species significantly reduced both shoot and root dry weights of inoculated <i>E. smithii</i> seedlings compared to control plants. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that <i>P. alticola</i> and <i>P. boodjera</i> are recovered from young symptomatic <i>E. smithii</i> trees in commercial plantations as well as the first time these species are found in the Americas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of brown root rot in Ocean Expo Park, Okinawa, Japan: Infection route and preventive control measures","authors":"Satoshi Tsujimoto,&nbsp;Mitsuteru Akiba,&nbsp;Norikazu Kameyama,&nbsp;Norio Sahashi","doi":"10.1111/efp.12809","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12809","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ocean Expo Park, established in 1976 on subtropical Okinawa Island, Japan, has approximately 8000 planted or naturally grown trees in an area of 77.2 ha. Windfall of these trees occurs mainly due to typhoons; wood chips made from the trunks and roots of windfall trees are commonly used as mulching material throughout the park areas, despite possible infection by pathogenic fungi such as <i>Phellinus noxius</i>, the pathogen causing brown root rot. <i>P. noxius</i> is distributed in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide and has a broad host range. The fungus can infect host plants with mycelia via root-to-root contact or with basidiospores. Here, we report the current status of tree damage caused by brown root rot in the park and infer the infection routes of <i>P. noxius</i> based on microsatellite markers. Among a total of 294 trees surveyed in the park, <i>P. noxius</i> was isolated from 13 trees of five species. <i>P. noxius</i> was observed more frequently on <i>Ficus microcarpa</i> than on other tree species. <i>Ficus superba</i> var. <i>japonica</i> was identified as a new host species, and <i>Bombax ceiba</i> was first recorded as a host plant of <i>P. noxius</i> in Japan. Among the 13 <i>P. noxius</i> isolates from the diseased trees, 2 isolates from adjacent diseased trees were considered to be of the same genet, while the other 11 isolates were different genets, indicating that infection by basidiospores occurred frequently among trees in the entire park, although spread via root systems also occurred between at least two adjacent trees. An identical genet was not detected at distant locations, which suggests that the disease does not spread via chips. However, mulching with chips can lead to wood decay due to decaying fungi other than <i>P. noxius</i>. Therefore, in accordance with the precautionary principle, the park currently prohibits the chipping and mulching of windfall or damaged trees and is considering disposal methods such as burning.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}