Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Destruction of Fraxinus angustifolia and Fraxinus ornus seeds under storage conditions caused by Epicoccum nigrum","authors":"Aleksandar Vemić,&nbsp;Vladan Popović,&nbsp;Josef Janoušek,&nbsp;Zlatan Radulović","doi":"10.1111/efp.12804","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12804","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the period of seed storage in 2019, stored <i>Fraxinus angustifolia</i> and <i>F. ornus</i> seeds showed signs of infection and fungus <i>Epicoccum nigrum</i> was isolated from mould and necrotic lesions on the seeds. In order to confirm the pathogenicity of <i>E</i>. <i>nigrum</i> towards <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i> seeds, an experiment that included inoculation of seeds with <i>E. nigrum</i> and the assessment of germinability was performed. The inoculation with <i>E</i>. <i>nigrum</i> strain caused mould to around 20% of <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and 58% of <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i>, necrotic lesions to 96% of <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and 92% of <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i>, and decrease in germinability to 95% of <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and 97% of <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i> seeds. This study presented, for the first time, the ability of <i>E</i>. <i>nigrum</i> to cause high infection rates and reduced germinability of the <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i> stored seeds. The transmission routes and possibilities for preventive strategies were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41726402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Phytophthora species in riparian stands of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in Slovakia","authors":"Miłosz Tkaczyk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Sikora,&nbsp;Juraj Galko,&nbsp;Andrej Kunca","doi":"10.1111/efp.12800","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12800","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the monitoring period of alder decline phenomenon in Slovakia, indicative symptoms of <i>Phytophthora</i> diseases were observed in riverside stands in Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity of <i>Phytophthora</i> species in declining alder stands. The samples were collected from six stands situated by rivers/streams in the central and eastern parts of Slovakia. <i>Phytophthora plurivora</i> and <i>P. cactorum</i> were detected in soil, root and water samples. The most isolated species was <i>P. plurivora</i>. Both <i>Phytophthora</i> species have been recognized in the literature as the perpetrators of black alder dieback together with other species, such as <i>P. alni</i> or <i>P. polonica</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>P. plurivora</i> and <i>P. cactorum</i> in riverside stands with the main share of black alder in Slovakia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44767170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"David Noshad,&nbsp;Nicholas Ukrainetz,&nbsp;John King,&nbsp;Alvin Yanchuk","doi":"10.1111/efp.12801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12801","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Original Article <i>Epicuticular wax content of western white pine is involved in Cronartium ribicola resistance</i> by David Noshad et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12793\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus","authors":"Ana P. Rossi,&nbsp;Waldir C. Jesus Junior,&nbsp;Edival A. V. Zauza,&nbsp;Marcos P. Coutinho,&nbsp;Breno Benvindo dos Anjos,&nbsp;Willian Bucker Moraes","doi":"10.1111/efp.12798","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial wilt (caused by <i>Ralstonia</i> spp.) is one of the most damaging diseases of <i>Eucalyptus</i> species, and is responsible for substantial losses to producers. For efficient, scientifically-based management of this disease, it is necessary to understand the various factors involved in its development, including greater knowledge of the epidemiology of the pathogen on <i>Eucalyptus</i> spp. This study aimed to determine the spatialtemporal dynamics of bacterial wilt in <i>Eucalyptus</i> under natural infection conditions. An experiment was conducted in a commercial plantation in the municipality of Itinga, state of Maranhão, Brazil, using the clone FGCA0385 (<i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i> var. <i>platyphylla</i>). The study comprised of four plots composed of 450 plants each, subdivided into nine rows with 50 plants per row with a spacing of 3 × 3 m. Disease incidence was quantified over 1 year. The spatial dynamics of the disease was determined using the dispersion index, a modified Taylor law, and the analysis of the dynamics and structure of foci. For temporal dynamics, the curve of the disease incidence progress was plotted, and the data were analysed by simple linear regression analysis fitted to three empirical models: logistic, monomolecular, and Gompertz. The distribution pattern of <i>Eucalyptus</i> bacterial wilt was random, as confirmed by the Index of dispersion. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the foci, showed that 69 disease foci occurred, 44 of which were unitary, with an average number of plants per focus of 1.63. Foci had greater length in the direction of the planting line. The epidemics were best described by the monomolecular model, with an estimated incidence of <i>Eucalyptus</i> bacterial wilt of 27.77% in the fourth year of the study. According to the spatiotemporal dynamics of this work, management strategies such as eliminating symptomatic plants and crop renovation can be used based on economic viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47561171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Leveillula clavata causing powdery mildew on Euphorbia leucocephala from India","authors":"Sujit Hanumant Wagh,&nbsp;Mahadev Bhimappa Kanade,&nbsp;Sachin Vasantrao Thite,&nbsp;Uwe Braun,&nbsp;Kamila Câmara Correia,&nbsp;Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza","doi":"10.1111/efp.12797","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12797","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In December 2020, <i>Euphorbia leucocephala</i> plants exhibiting symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in the Botanical Garden of Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra, India. Based on morphological identification, DNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity, the fungal pathogen of the disease was identified as <i>Leveillula clavata</i>. This is the first report of <i>L. clavata</i> on <i>Euphorbia leucocephala</i> from India and in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49012300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Phyllosticta spinarum causing arborvitae foliar blight in Russia","authors":"Maria M. Gomzhina,&nbsp;Philipp B. Gannibal","doi":"10.1111/efp.12796","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Thuja occidentalis</i> is a popular and widely planted tree in Russia. However, it is susceptible to arborvitae foliar blight, which can compromise the long-term health of trees in the landscape and in nursery production. Leaves with arborvitae needle blight were collected in 2019 in the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea, and two isolates of <i>Phyllosticta</i> sp. were obtained. Multilocus analyses were performed with sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and 28 S rDNA of the ribosomal DNA, partial actin gene, partial RNA-polymerase II gene, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha. Based on phylogenetic analyses combined with morphological features the isolates were identified as <i>Phyllosticta spinarum</i>. Following inoculation of the original host species both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected leaves. Koch's postulates were then fulfilled by re-isolating <i>P. spinarum</i> from the inoculated leaves. These findings represent the first confirmed detection of <i>P. spinarum</i> causing arborvitae needle blight in Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional roles of nematodes associated with the walnut twig beetle and eastern black walnut in the inland northwest","authors":"Geoffrey M. Williams,&nbsp;Matthew D. Ginzel","doi":"10.1111/efp.12791","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beetles (Scolytinae) form intimate associations with a taxonomically and functionally diverse suite of nematodes that are phytopathogens, fungal feeders, and entomoparasites. Despite their ubiquity, the ecological significance of nematodes in the lifecycles of economically important bark and ambrosia beetle species (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and associated plant diseases remains largely unexplored. Thousand cankers disease (TCD) is caused by the walnut twig beetle (WTB, <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i> Blackman) and the fungus <i>Geosmithia morbida</i> (Kolařík, Freeland, Utley &amp; Tisserat; Ascoymycota: Hypocreales) and causes foliar senescence, progressive crown dieback, and mortality in black walnut (<i>Juglans nigra</i> L.) throughout western North America. In this study, nematodes recovered from <i>P. juglandis</i> and <i>J. nigra</i> in Idaho (ID) and Washington (WA) were identified morphologically and by constructing multilocus phylogenies to infer taxonomic relationships to taxa for which molecular data were available. We conducted assays to determine the extent to which nematodes feed and reproduce on <i>G. morbida</i> and other fungi commonly found in galleries of <i>P. juglandis</i>. Inoculation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nematodes on the area of subdermal necrotic lesions (cankers) caused by <i>G. morbida</i> in branches of mature <i>J. nigra</i> and stems of seedlings. The phoretic nematode <i>Bursaphlenhus juglandis</i> (Ryss, Parker, Alvarez-Ortega, Nadeler &amp; Subbotin) was frequently found under elytra of WTB in all locations, and a free-living nematode (<i>Panagrolaimus</i> sp.) was also widespread and found in the bark of mature trees. Both <i>B. juglandis</i> and <i>Panagrolaimus</i> sp. reduced the size of cankers caused by <i>G. morbida</i> in seedlings and branches of mature trees, respectively. However, these species may play opposite roles as disease synergists and antagonists based on the observation that exudates and/or microbiota associated with <i>Panagrolaimus</i> sp., but not <i>B. juglandis</i> destroyed <i>G. morbida</i> colonies in culture. Furthermore, <i>B. juglandis</i> contributed to foliar symptoms in seedlings inoculated with <i>G. morbida</i>. An entomoparasitic nematode (Aphelenchoididae), most closely resembling an <i>Ektaphelenchus</i> sp., was also found in the haemocoel of WTB. Infection rates were positively related to beetle population sizes as inferred from emergence rates. <i>Ditylenchus</i> sp. was also found in incubated walnut wood in WA and <i>Rhabtidolaimus</i> sp. was phoretic on <i>P. juglandis</i> and found in incubated walnut wood in WA and ID. The community of nematodes in <i>J. nigra</i> in WA and ID differed substantially from what has been observed associated with <i>J. nigra</i> in its native range.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43469382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rigidoporus microporus and the white root rot disease of rubber","authors":"Noor Baity Saidi,&nbsp;Jameel R. Al-Obaidi,&nbsp;Ahmad Faiz bin Che Fisol","doi":"10.1111/efp.12794","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Rigidoporus microporus</i> is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus causing particularly severe losses to the rubber industry worldwide. The pathogen is responsible for white root rot (WRR) disease, infecting the host roots via white fibrous mycelia, causing vascular disfunction, and visible symptoms including leaf discolouration and dieback in severely infected trees. The final stage of the disease is characterized by the appearance of basidiocarps at the tree collar. The development of WRR in rubber plantations is dependent on fungal diversity in the soil, pH, temperature, and cation levels. Several ‘-omics’ approaches have been undertaken to understand how <i>R. microporus</i> functions with the objective, ultimately, to control WRR. Unfortunately, no resistant rubber clone has been identified to date. The disease is managed through physical and chemical methods that are laborious and negatively impact the environment, respectively. Recent developments in research on <i>R. microporus</i> shed light on potential sustainable routes to WRR disease control using beneficial microorganisms and natural compounds. This review discusses the characteristics of <i>R. microporus</i> isolates from different geographical origins, the pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, factors that influence the development of WRR, recent findings from the multi-omics studies, and control methods that are available to combat this economically important pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44246052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epicuticular wax content of western white pine is involved in Cronartium ribicola resistance","authors":"David Noshad,&nbsp;Nicholas Ukrainetz,&nbsp;John King,&nbsp;Alvin Yanchuk","doi":"10.1111/efp.12793","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12793","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The introduction of <i>Cronartium ribicola</i>, the causative agent of white pine blister rust, has been devastating for white pines in North America, including western white pine. Among the observed partial resistance responses to white pine blister rust is a mechanism referred to as difficult-to-infect (DI), which is characterized by lower frequency of infection spots on needles and a lower incidence of branch and stem cankers than susceptible host plants. Parents with the DI trait were selected and bred to produce nine full-sib families. Progeny were propagated and cloned using in vitro techniques in controlled environmental conditions. Explants were inoculated with a single strain of <i>C. ribicola</i> and characterized by using a disease assessment index (DAI), which was used to compare DI full-sib families to several other full-sib families (from Idaho) selected for other partial resistance traits. Most DI families had significantly lower DAI scores and higher epicuticular wax content. When the wax was removed from the surface of needles, the DAI of all full-sib families increased. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that stomata in DI full-sib families are mostly occluded by epicuticular wax. The results of this study suggest that the DI resistance mechanism of western white pine is related to needle surface epicuticular wax, which likely hinders the penetration of stomata by fungal hyphae. The occurrence and magnitude of this trait in the breeding population remains unknown, and special assessment technique for large-scale screening will have to be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48446595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization, pathogenicity and host range studies of Paecilomyces formosus associated with dieback of Christ's thorn trees (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) in Iran","authors":"Taha Rostami,&nbsp;Samad Jamali","doi":"10.1111/efp.12790","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Christ's thorn (<i>Paliurus spina-christi</i> Mill.) tree is an important and valuable forestry species and has significant potential in afforestation and reforestation systems. In recent years, dieback symptoms were observed on <i>Paliurus spina-christi</i> trees in Gilan-e Gharb region of Kermanshah province, west Iran. During 2020 to 2021, Christ's thorn trees that exhibit branch dieback symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. The pathogenicity tests, biochemical assay of growth, acid production on creatine sucrose agar (CREA) medium and morphological and molecular investigations (ITS and β-tubulin regions) identified <i>Paecilomyces formosus</i> as a dieback causal agent. This is the first report of <i>P. formosus</i> pathogenicity on <i>Paliurus spina-christi</i> trees. Furthermore, disease severity was assayed on 11 tree species under three different temperatures 15, 25 and 35°C. Disease severity caused by all isolates on detached branches was greater at 35°C than at 15 and 25°C. This study presents the host range of this pathogen and showed that these potential hosts are prone to this pathogen under high temperatures, which forest trees experienced in recent decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}