Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The effects of pine mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) on the growth of Scots pine and Crimean pine in Turkey","authors":"Oytun Emre Sakici,&nbsp;Gonca Ece Özcan,&nbsp;Mehmet Seki,&nbsp;Fadime Sağlam","doi":"10.1111/efp.12802","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12802","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the effect of pine mistletoe (<i>Viscum album</i> subsp. <i>austriacum</i>) on basal area increment of Crimean pine and Scots pine was investigated. Dendrochronological data were collected from 223 (71 uninfected and 152 infected) Crimean pines and 195 (77 uninfected and 118 infected) Scots pines located in Kastamonu province of Turkey in 2014. Infected sample trees were classified as light, moderate or severe infection levels. Growth trends and basal area increment loses were compared between uninfected and infected trees for the periods of the last 10, 20 and 30 years. In addition, infection status of forest stands was investigated using temporary sample plots; 27 plots in Crimean pine stands and 26 plots in Scots pine. Results demonstrated that basal area increments were negatively affected by pine mistletoe for both species. Mean basal area increment losses of infected trees for the last decade were determined as 24% for Scots pine and 26% for Crimean pine. Basal area increment losses varied by infection levels (light, moderate and severe) as follows: 25%, 20% and 28% for Scots pines and 20%, 32% and 9% for Crimean pines. Scots pine stands were more severely infected by pine mistletoe than Crimean pine stands. There were negative correlations between number of infected trees and stand density for both species, while positive correlation was detected between the number of infected trees and mean diameter for Scots pine. The results of this study indicate that the pine mistletoe infection has negative effect on radial growth of Scots pine and Crimean pine trees. The results can be an important contribution to the forest management and protection activities in mistletoe-infected stands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed a new cryptic lineage of Serpula himantioides in Japan","authors":"Ayuka Iwakiri,&nbsp;Hitomi Ota,&nbsp;Norihisa Matsushita,&nbsp;Ryusei Haraguchi,&nbsp;Toshihiro Yamada,&nbsp;Kenji Fukuda","doi":"10.1111/efp.12805","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Serpula himantioides</i> is a widely distributed saprotrophic fungus that causes root and butt rot in various tree species. In Japan, butt rot associated with <i>S. himantioides</i> is observed in <i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> and <i>Abies sachalinensis</i>. Previous studies have shown that <i>S. himantioides</i> includes five phylogenetically defined cryptic lineages, but the placement of Japanese isolates remains unclear. To clarify the phylogenetic relationship between Japanese <i>S. himantioides</i> and the five known lineages, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using three newly collected Japanese isolates along with 74 <i>S. himantioides</i> isolates, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the 28 S large subunit (LSU) rDNA, the beta-tubulin (<i>tub</i>) gene, and the heat stress protein (<i>hsp</i>) gene. The concatenated phylogenetic tree showed that Japanese isolates composed a clade with a high bootstrap value distinct from the known lineages, indicating the Japanese isolates present a new cryptic lineage of <i>S. himantioides</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destruction of Fraxinus angustifolia and Fraxinus ornus seeds under storage conditions caused by Epicoccum nigrum","authors":"Aleksandar Vemić,&nbsp;Vladan Popović,&nbsp;Josef Janoušek,&nbsp;Zlatan Radulović","doi":"10.1111/efp.12804","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12804","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the period of seed storage in 2019, stored <i>Fraxinus angustifolia</i> and <i>F. ornus</i> seeds showed signs of infection and fungus <i>Epicoccum nigrum</i> was isolated from mould and necrotic lesions on the seeds. In order to confirm the pathogenicity of <i>E</i>. <i>nigrum</i> towards <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i> seeds, an experiment that included inoculation of seeds with <i>E. nigrum</i> and the assessment of germinability was performed. The inoculation with <i>E</i>. <i>nigrum</i> strain caused mould to around 20% of <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and 58% of <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i>, necrotic lesions to 96% of <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and 92% of <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i>, and decrease in germinability to 95% of <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and 97% of <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i> seeds. This study presented, for the first time, the ability of <i>E</i>. <i>nigrum</i> to cause high infection rates and reduced germinability of the <i>F</i>. <i>angustifolia</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>ornus</i> stored seeds. The transmission routes and possibilities for preventive strategies were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41726402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Phytophthora species in riparian stands of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in Slovakia","authors":"Miłosz Tkaczyk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Sikora,&nbsp;Juraj Galko,&nbsp;Andrej Kunca","doi":"10.1111/efp.12800","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12800","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the monitoring period of alder decline phenomenon in Slovakia, indicative symptoms of <i>Phytophthora</i> diseases were observed in riverside stands in Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity of <i>Phytophthora</i> species in declining alder stands. The samples were collected from six stands situated by rivers/streams in the central and eastern parts of Slovakia. <i>Phytophthora plurivora</i> and <i>P. cactorum</i> were detected in soil, root and water samples. The most isolated species was <i>P. plurivora</i>. Both <i>Phytophthora</i> species have been recognized in the literature as the perpetrators of black alder dieback together with other species, such as <i>P. alni</i> or <i>P. polonica</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>P. plurivora</i> and <i>P. cactorum</i> in riverside stands with the main share of black alder in Slovakia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44767170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"David Noshad,&nbsp;Nicholas Ukrainetz,&nbsp;John King,&nbsp;Alvin Yanchuk","doi":"10.1111/efp.12801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12801","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Original Article <i>Epicuticular wax content of western white pine is involved in Cronartium ribicola resistance</i> by David Noshad et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12793\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus","authors":"Ana P. Rossi,&nbsp;Waldir C. Jesus Junior,&nbsp;Edival A. V. Zauza,&nbsp;Marcos P. Coutinho,&nbsp;Breno Benvindo dos Anjos,&nbsp;Willian Bucker Moraes","doi":"10.1111/efp.12798","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial wilt (caused by <i>Ralstonia</i> spp.) is one of the most damaging diseases of <i>Eucalyptus</i> species, and is responsible for substantial losses to producers. For efficient, scientifically-based management of this disease, it is necessary to understand the various factors involved in its development, including greater knowledge of the epidemiology of the pathogen on <i>Eucalyptus</i> spp. This study aimed to determine the spatialtemporal dynamics of bacterial wilt in <i>Eucalyptus</i> under natural infection conditions. An experiment was conducted in a commercial plantation in the municipality of Itinga, state of Maranhão, Brazil, using the clone FGCA0385 (<i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i> var. <i>platyphylla</i>). The study comprised of four plots composed of 450 plants each, subdivided into nine rows with 50 plants per row with a spacing of 3 × 3 m. Disease incidence was quantified over 1 year. The spatial dynamics of the disease was determined using the dispersion index, a modified Taylor law, and the analysis of the dynamics and structure of foci. For temporal dynamics, the curve of the disease incidence progress was plotted, and the data were analysed by simple linear regression analysis fitted to three empirical models: logistic, monomolecular, and Gompertz. The distribution pattern of <i>Eucalyptus</i> bacterial wilt was random, as confirmed by the Index of dispersion. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the foci, showed that 69 disease foci occurred, 44 of which were unitary, with an average number of plants per focus of 1.63. Foci had greater length in the direction of the planting line. The epidemics were best described by the monomolecular model, with an estimated incidence of <i>Eucalyptus</i> bacterial wilt of 27.77% in the fourth year of the study. According to the spatiotemporal dynamics of this work, management strategies such as eliminating symptomatic plants and crop renovation can be used based on economic viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47561171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Leveillula clavata causing powdery mildew on Euphorbia leucocephala from India","authors":"Sujit Hanumant Wagh,&nbsp;Mahadev Bhimappa Kanade,&nbsp;Sachin Vasantrao Thite,&nbsp;Uwe Braun,&nbsp;Kamila Câmara Correia,&nbsp;Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza","doi":"10.1111/efp.12797","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12797","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In December 2020, <i>Euphorbia leucocephala</i> plants exhibiting symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in the Botanical Garden of Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra, India. Based on morphological identification, DNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity, the fungal pathogen of the disease was identified as <i>Leveillula clavata</i>. This is the first report of <i>L. clavata</i> on <i>Euphorbia leucocephala</i> from India and in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49012300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Phyllosticta spinarum causing arborvitae foliar blight in Russia","authors":"Maria M. Gomzhina,&nbsp;Philipp B. Gannibal","doi":"10.1111/efp.12796","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Thuja occidentalis</i> is a popular and widely planted tree in Russia. However, it is susceptible to arborvitae foliar blight, which can compromise the long-term health of trees in the landscape and in nursery production. Leaves with arborvitae needle blight were collected in 2019 in the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea, and two isolates of <i>Phyllosticta</i> sp. were obtained. Multilocus analyses were performed with sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and 28 S rDNA of the ribosomal DNA, partial actin gene, partial RNA-polymerase II gene, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha. Based on phylogenetic analyses combined with morphological features the isolates were identified as <i>Phyllosticta spinarum</i>. Following inoculation of the original host species both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected leaves. Koch's postulates were then fulfilled by re-isolating <i>P. spinarum</i> from the inoculated leaves. These findings represent the first confirmed detection of <i>P. spinarum</i> causing arborvitae needle blight in Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional roles of nematodes associated with the walnut twig beetle and eastern black walnut in the inland northwest","authors":"Geoffrey M. Williams,&nbsp;Matthew D. Ginzel","doi":"10.1111/efp.12791","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beetles (Scolytinae) form intimate associations with a taxonomically and functionally diverse suite of nematodes that are phytopathogens, fungal feeders, and entomoparasites. Despite their ubiquity, the ecological significance of nematodes in the lifecycles of economically important bark and ambrosia beetle species (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and associated plant diseases remains largely unexplored. Thousand cankers disease (TCD) is caused by the walnut twig beetle (WTB, <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i> Blackman) and the fungus <i>Geosmithia morbida</i> (Kolařík, Freeland, Utley &amp; Tisserat; Ascoymycota: Hypocreales) and causes foliar senescence, progressive crown dieback, and mortality in black walnut (<i>Juglans nigra</i> L.) throughout western North America. In this study, nematodes recovered from <i>P. juglandis</i> and <i>J. nigra</i> in Idaho (ID) and Washington (WA) were identified morphologically and by constructing multilocus phylogenies to infer taxonomic relationships to taxa for which molecular data were available. We conducted assays to determine the extent to which nematodes feed and reproduce on <i>G. morbida</i> and other fungi commonly found in galleries of <i>P. juglandis</i>. Inoculation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nematodes on the area of subdermal necrotic lesions (cankers) caused by <i>G. morbida</i> in branches of mature <i>J. nigra</i> and stems of seedlings. The phoretic nematode <i>Bursaphlenhus juglandis</i> (Ryss, Parker, Alvarez-Ortega, Nadeler &amp; Subbotin) was frequently found under elytra of WTB in all locations, and a free-living nematode (<i>Panagrolaimus</i> sp.) was also widespread and found in the bark of mature trees. Both <i>B. juglandis</i> and <i>Panagrolaimus</i> sp. reduced the size of cankers caused by <i>G. morbida</i> in seedlings and branches of mature trees, respectively. However, these species may play opposite roles as disease synergists and antagonists based on the observation that exudates and/or microbiota associated with <i>Panagrolaimus</i> sp., but not <i>B. juglandis</i> destroyed <i>G. morbida</i> colonies in culture. Furthermore, <i>B. juglandis</i> contributed to foliar symptoms in seedlings inoculated with <i>G. morbida</i>. An entomoparasitic nematode (Aphelenchoididae), most closely resembling an <i>Ektaphelenchus</i> sp., was also found in the haemocoel of WTB. Infection rates were positively related to beetle population sizes as inferred from emergence rates. <i>Ditylenchus</i> sp. was also found in incubated walnut wood in WA and <i>Rhabtidolaimus</i> sp. was phoretic on <i>P. juglandis</i> and found in incubated walnut wood in WA and ID. The community of nematodes in <i>J. nigra</i> in WA and ID differed substantially from what has been observed associated with <i>J. nigra</i> in its native range.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43469382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rigidoporus microporus and the white root rot disease of rubber","authors":"Noor Baity Saidi,&nbsp;Jameel R. Al-Obaidi,&nbsp;Ahmad Faiz bin Che Fisol","doi":"10.1111/efp.12794","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Rigidoporus microporus</i> is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus causing particularly severe losses to the rubber industry worldwide. The pathogen is responsible for white root rot (WRR) disease, infecting the host roots via white fibrous mycelia, causing vascular disfunction, and visible symptoms including leaf discolouration and dieback in severely infected trees. The final stage of the disease is characterized by the appearance of basidiocarps at the tree collar. The development of WRR in rubber plantations is dependent on fungal diversity in the soil, pH, temperature, and cation levels. Several ‘-omics’ approaches have been undertaken to understand how <i>R. microporus</i> functions with the objective, ultimately, to control WRR. Unfortunately, no resistant rubber clone has been identified to date. The disease is managed through physical and chemical methods that are laborious and negatively impact the environment, respectively. Recent developments in research on <i>R. microporus</i> shed light on potential sustainable routes to WRR disease control using beneficial microorganisms and natural compounds. This review discusses the characteristics of <i>R. microporus</i> isolates from different geographical origins, the pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, factors that influence the development of WRR, recent findings from the multi-omics studies, and control methods that are available to combat this economically important pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44246052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}