Fusion Engineering and Design最新文献

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New control of the 50-years-old flywheel generator EZ2– a necessary update to the latest industrial state of the art for the toridal field of ASDEX upgrade 新控制的50年历史的飞轮发电机EZ2 -一个必要的更新,以最新的工业状态为ASDEX升级的环形领域
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115446
Oliver Seibold-Benjak , Michael Rott , Claus-Peter Käsemann , Stanislaw Classen , the ASDEX Upgrade Team
{"title":"New control of the 50-years-old flywheel generator EZ2– a necessary update to the latest industrial state of the art for the toridal field of ASDEX upgrade","authors":"Oliver Seibold-Benjak ,&nbsp;Michael Rott ,&nbsp;Claus-Peter Käsemann ,&nbsp;Stanislaw Classen ,&nbsp;the ASDEX Upgrade Team","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The drive train of the \"Energiezentrale 2 – EZ2″ has served as the core of the power supply for the toroidal field coils of ASDEX since 1973, utilizing its 167 MVA generator. The last upgrade was carried out in 1998. Due to the combination of power electronics failures and the steadily worsening availability of replacement parts in recent years, the ASDEX Upgrade team decided to renew the power electronics and control systems for the drive, generator, and auxiliary systems, bringing them up to the latest state of industrially available technology.</div><div>This paper specifically focuses on the implementation of the non-trivial current control for the main field coils of ASDEX, which is achieved solely through the control of the generator’s excitation current. It provides a detailed description of the process from concept development to the validation of the generator control system, laying the foundation for future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The spherical tokamak advanced reactor (STAR) fusion power plant design 球形托卡马克先进反应堆(STAR)核聚变电站设计
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115461
T.G. Brown , J.E. Menard , J.W. Berkery , A. Brooks , A.E. Costley , E. Emdee , D. Gupta , A. Khodak , R. Maingi , R. Majeski , T. Graening , A Simonin , P. Titus , M. Smith
{"title":"The spherical tokamak advanced reactor (STAR) fusion power plant design","authors":"T.G. Brown ,&nbsp;J.E. Menard ,&nbsp;J.W. Berkery ,&nbsp;A. Brooks ,&nbsp;A.E. Costley ,&nbsp;E. Emdee ,&nbsp;D. Gupta ,&nbsp;A. Khodak ,&nbsp;R. Maingi ,&nbsp;R. Majeski ,&nbsp;T. Graening ,&nbsp;A Simonin ,&nbsp;P. Titus ,&nbsp;M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific and technical advancements have been made that improve fusion’s prospects to provide a new energy source, showing enhanced plasma confinement conditions with plasma temperatures reaching or exceeding 100 million degrees. Overshadowing this progress is the challenge involved in developing an economically viable fusion power plant design. Many proposed next-step DEMO and pilot plant designs are extensions of existing physics-focused experimental devices defined to understand and control plasma operations to achieve and sustain a fusion reaction.</div><div>Transitioning scientific and technical advancements into a functional power plant requires a dedicated focus on architectural designs that integrate diverse technologies, while optimizing physics conditions, with a focus on economic viability. This holistic approach is essential in turning the promise of fusion energy into a reality.</div><div>The Spherical Tokamak Advanced Reactor (STAR) is a fusion power plant conceptual design with the architectural focus that strives to balance physics, engineering, and cost considerations. It has been set up to introduce relevant physics, engineering and concept features that an intermediate pilot plant might follow, with the goal of meeting system performances and economic requirements that lead to a commercially competitive fusion power plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anisotropy in tensile properties of ITER-conformant and cross-rolled tungsten grades 符合iter标准和交叉轧制钨等级拉伸性能的各向异性
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115457
Dmitry Terentyev , Chao Yin , Chih-Cheng Chang , Ze Chen , Shifeng Mao , Minyou Ye
{"title":"Anisotropy in tensile properties of ITER-conformant and cross-rolled tungsten grades","authors":"Dmitry Terentyev ,&nbsp;Chao Yin ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Ze Chen ,&nbsp;Shifeng Mao ,&nbsp;Minyou Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates the tensile properties of five tungsten grades for fusion applications at temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, and 800 °C, focusing on the influence of microstructural characteristics such as texture, grain shape aspect ratio, and grain boundary density. Texture analysis based on electron backscatter diffraction highlights diverse components in all tungsten grades. The Taylor factor and strength anisotropy variations suggest that texture is not the sole determinant of strength. Grain shape aspect ratio (short-to-long axis ratio) affects strength anisotropy, increasing at 300 °C and decreasing at 500 °C, converging at 800 °C. The anisotropy of uniform elongation and post-necking toughness decreases with grain shape aspect ratio at 300 °C, transitioning at 500 °C, and nearly disappears at 800 °C. Yield strength correlates with high-angle grain boundary density at 300 °C and 500 °C, which indicates that dislocation-grain boundary interaction is a thermally activated process in this temperature range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal stability of multi-fiber tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites and their mechanical integrity after high temperature annealing 多纤维钨纤维增强钨复合材料高温退火后的热稳定性及其机械完整性
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115438
Daniel Ahlin Heikkinen Wartacz , Till Höschen , Johann Riesch , Karen Pantleon , Wolfgang Pantleon
{"title":"Thermal stability of multi-fiber tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites and their mechanical integrity after high temperature annealing","authors":"Daniel Ahlin Heikkinen Wartacz ,&nbsp;Till Höschen ,&nbsp;Johann Riesch ,&nbsp;Karen Pantleon ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Pantleon","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten is the material of choice for plasma-facing components in future fusion reactors due to its high melting point, good thermal conductivity and strength. The brittleness of tungsten at temperatures below its brittle-to-ductile transition, however, is still a challenge. The development of tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (W<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/W) composites aims to mitigate tungsten’s brittleness by achieving pseudo-ductility. Despite advancements, the high heat fluxes in future fusion reactors pose a risk for deteriorating the otherwise improved mechanical properties of W<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/W composites due to restoration processes in the microstructure occurring at high operation temperatures. This study focuses on assessing the microstructural evolution at 1450 °C and the integrity of the mechanical properties of a W<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/W composite after annealing for 2 days. Mechanical performance is assessed by three-point bending tests according to ASTM E399-23. The results show degradation of the pseudo-ductile behavior, even if some pseudo-ductility is still preserved. Microstructural investigation by electron backscatter diffraction (ESBD) shows remarkable differences between the microstructure evolution in individual fibers during annealing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of the passive plates for magnetic compression device based on field-reversed configuration 基于反场结构的无源极板在磁压缩装置中的应用
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115464
ZhuoLong Li, ZhiPeng Chen, YuJun Zhang, MingBo Zong, Rui Liu, Bo Rao, Yong Yang
{"title":"Application of the passive plates for magnetic compression device based on field-reversed configuration","authors":"ZhuoLong Li,&nbsp;ZhiPeng Chen,&nbsp;YuJun Zhang,&nbsp;MingBo Zong,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Bo Rao,&nbsp;Yong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetic compression device based on field-reversed configuration (FRC) aims to obtain high-quality FRC through collision-merging and magnetic compression. To mitigate the expansion of FRCs during collision and reduce axial ripple in the compression magnetic field, a solution of installing passive plates between the compression coils array and the confinement chamber is proposed. The simulation study by COMSOL Multiphysics mainly focuses on two aspects: suppressing plasma expansion and optimizing axial field uniformity. The passive plates are divided poloidally into four segments to ensure that the field penetration will not be impeded. The results demonstrate that the eddy currents in the passive plates suppress radial plasma expansion by enhancing its external magnetic field by up to 30 %. The currents also lead to a reduction in axial ripple of compression field in regions covered by the plates. The accompanying poloidal ripple is suppressed via narrowing plate gaps and implementing non-contact overlapping arrangements, with its magnitude optimized to below 5.6 %. Finally, the mechanism by which the passive plates modulate magnetic field is elucidated by illustrating the distribution of eddy currents within the plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of bending and thermal treatment on CuCrZr/316 L interface for flat-type divertor target by explosive welding 弯曲和热处理对爆炸焊接平板型导流靶CuCrZr/ 316l界面的影响
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115458
Siqing Feng , Xuebing Peng , Peng Liu , Wei Song , Xin Mao , Xinyuan Qian , Zhihong Liu
{"title":"Effect of bending and thermal treatment on CuCrZr/316 L interface for flat-type divertor target by explosive welding","authors":"Siqing Feng ,&nbsp;Xuebing Peng ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Song ,&nbsp;Xin Mao ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Qian ,&nbsp;Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of copper alloy in divertor faces great challenges. The explosively welded CuCrZr/316 L composite plate, which maintains high structural strength while ensuring efficient heat transfer, is commonly employed as a heat sink material in divertor targets. In the development of continuous closed V-shaped structure of divertor target, which is beneficial for plasma detachment, the composite material can provide sufficient heat transfer performance when the bonding interface is bent to a radius of R60mm. However, exposure to high temperatures of 830 °C can induce leakage along the bonding interface in the bent region. This study investigates the bonding interface of explosively welded CuCrZr/316 L composite plates under different bending radii and thermal treatments through tensile tests, microhardness measurements, microstructural characterization, and elemental diffusion analysis, thereby identifying the root cause of leakage. It is found that performing a solid solution at 970 °C prior to bending induces recrystallization in both CuCrZr and 316 L, eliminating the work hardening introduced by explosive welding. In the subsequent experiments involving solid solution followed by bending to a radius of R60 mm, the bonding interface successfully withstood a helium pressure test of 4.5 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computational fluid dynamics Study with heat transfer inside the embedded cooling channels for prototype ion extractor grid-1 and comparison with experimental results 原型离子提取器grid-1嵌入式冷却通道内传热的计算流体力学研究及与实验结果的比较
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115453
Tejendra Patel , Tapan Patel , M.R. Jana , U.K. Baruah
{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics Study with heat transfer inside the embedded cooling channels for prototype ion extractor grid-1 and comparison with experimental results","authors":"Tejendra Patel ,&nbsp;Tapan Patel ,&nbsp;M.R. Jana ,&nbsp;U.K. Baruah","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with heat transfer analysis in the embedded semi-circular wavy mini cooling channels of the Steady State Superconducting Tokamak-1 (SST-1) Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Prototype Ion Extractor Grid-1. A detailed analysis is conducted to assess heat transfer performance during long pulse operation by validating the numerical simulations for the experimental results. A prototype ion extractor grid of size 150 mm × 60 mm (say PG-1) is fabricated with 4 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milled semi-circular wavy water mini cooling channels (R 1.1 ± 0.05 mm) on Oxygen Free Electronic (OFE) copper base plate for SST-1 NBI system as a part of in-house technology development. These cooling channels are covered by the copper electro-deposition technique. This PG-1 consists of 19 apertures, each of diameter 8 mm. The present work described CFD with heat transfer analysis of PG-1 using the ANSYS Fluent code. The analysis was performed by considering the Shear Stress Transport (SST) <em>k-ꞷ</em> turbulence model to simulate the present computational fluid domain. This analysis would help to understand the thermal and fluid dynamic behaviours of the grid when subjected to thermal loads. The flow analysis focuses on key parameters such as surface temperature distribution, water velocity distribution, and water flow patterns inside the mini cooling channels of the grid along with the water-to-copper surface interface temperature. The flow analysis considered the following boundary conditions: absorbed heat load of 5.49 kW, water mass flow rate of 0.078 kg/s, and inlet water temperature of 26 °C. The flow analysis results reveal that the maximum surface temperature of OFE copper is 122.32 °C, while the average surface temperature is 82.80 °C. The maximum surface-to-water interface temperature is 75.92 °C. The average water velocity within the channels is observed as 10 m/s. The flow simulated results are also compared with the High Heat Flux Test results and found moderate agreement within a maximum surface temperature deviation of ∼ 20 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathway analysis of nuclear reaction in pulsed neutron activation 脉冲中子活化核反应的途径分析
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115444
Xiao Yu, Jingyu Zhang, Xing Lei
{"title":"Pathway analysis of nuclear reaction in pulsed neutron activation","authors":"Xiao Yu,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xing Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When being irradiated by neutrons, materials will produce the radioactive nuclides. It is significant to analyze the nuclear reaction pathways of activated nuclides for effective radiation protection and source term management. Currently, most fusion devices or reactors operate under pulsed conditions, which makes the nuclear reaction pathway analysis of radionuclides complex. This paper, after in-depth study, proposes an exact analysis approach for nuclear reaction pathways under pulsed conditions: pathway analysis of the target nuclides will be performed with a reverse order of phases. Then serving the encountered intermediate nuclides as “minor” target nuclides to search the pathways further, aiming to achieve the exact source tracing of the target nuclides. Based on the neutron activation calculation program ABURN, the corresponding functions are implemented and some typical tests are conducted. The trial results manifest the conclusion: not only can this methodology list the detailed pathway information of each phase under pulsed conditions, but also it gives the cumulative data regarding target nuclides in total irradiation time and total cooling time from a macro perspective. In order to enhance the efficiency of nuclear reaction pathway analysis under complex pulsed conditions, three approaches, steady-state (SS), equivalent steady-state (ESS), and continuous-pulsed (CP), are introduced to approximate the entire pulses. The computation results demonstrate that SS and ESS methods have issues overestimating or underestimating the inventory of medium-lived isotopes. While the CP method, by incorporating exact simulation for terminal pulses, mitigates inventory errors caused by pulsed approximation. In terms of nuclear reaction pathway analysis, due to the approximate treatment of pulses, not only the detailed pathways in each phase cannot be given, but also the issues of missing pathways and calculation errors of contributions may occur; even the CP method cannot perfectly solve the latter. Finally, leveraging the periodicity characteristic inherent to pulsed activation condition, a pathway analysis approach based on the last highest-level pulse is proposed, which reduces the pathway analysis of entire phases to only carry out within the last highest-level pulse. The nuclear reaction pathways of the target nuclides can be accurately given through this approach and the effectiveness of the approach has been analyzed via typical examples. For the calculation examples adopted in the paper, the refined methodology can not only grasp the detailed information of nuclides within each phase, but also substantially reduce redundant computational overhead and memory allocation for repetitive information, thereby markedly enhancing source term analysis efficiency of complex pulsed conditions in fusion reactor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Output voltage ripple suppression in inverted type high-voltage AGPS using APF 利用有源滤波器抑制倒置型高压AGPS输出电压纹波
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115449
Zhenchang Du , Shaoxiang Ma , Hongqi Zhang , Yixiang Huang , Ming Zhang
{"title":"Output voltage ripple suppression in inverted type high-voltage AGPS using APF","authors":"Zhenchang Du ,&nbsp;Shaoxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Hongqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixiang Huang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a DC active power filter (APF) designed to mitigate output voltage ripple in the acceleration grid power supply (AGPS), to enhance the operational efficiency and stability of negative ion-based neutral beam injection (N-NBI) systems. The proposed APF employs a 5-level active neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) topology, integrated into the AGPS high-voltage filtering branch. An optimized model predictive control (MPC) strategy is developed, incorporating adaptive weighting coefficients and switching penalties to ensure DC-link capacitor voltage stabilization and balanced switching losses. Furthermore, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is implemented to predict load current fluctuations, enabling the establishment of a comprehensive state-space model for the entire circuit. Simulation results demonstrate significant performance improvements: peak-to-peak ripple voltage is reduced to 31.66% of the original value (5689 V <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> 1601 V), while ripple voltage root mean square (RMS) is reduced to 22.56% of the original value (1764 V <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> 398 V).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of interlayer on fracture and fatigue crack resisting of double-wall tubes in WCCB 夹层对WCCB双壁管断裂和抗疲劳裂纹性能的影响
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115450
Wanjing Wang , Lingming Huang , Jichao Wang , Zhenjie Zhang , Qun Li , Zhenmao Chen , Peisong Du , Haishan Zhou , Guang-Nan Luo
{"title":"Effects of interlayer on fracture and fatigue crack resisting of double-wall tubes in WCCB","authors":"Wanjing Wang ,&nbsp;Lingming Huang ,&nbsp;Jichao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Qun Li ,&nbsp;Zhenmao Chen ,&nbsp;Peisong Du ,&nbsp;Haishan Zhou ,&nbsp;Guang-Nan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The double wall tubes (DWT) in the tritium breeding zone play a critical role in the Water Coolant Ceramics Blanket (WCCB) of the China Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR). In order to assess the effectiveness of DWT in resisting type-I crack propagation, a sandwich structure plate consisting of steel-interlayer-steel was fabricated using heat isostatic press (HIP) technology. Subsequently, experimental investigations were carried out to study fatigue crack propagation under three-point bending conditions. The results demonstrate that continuous fatigue bending leads to the generation of a type-I crack perpendicular to the interface; however, there is stagnation at the interface before expanding sideways to form a type-II crack. Furthermore, it was observed that specimens with Ni interlayers exhibit more effective resistance against type-II crack extension compared to those with Cu interlayers. In the discussion, a J-integral-based fatigue crack propagation model was proposed, which can accurately predict the deflection behavior of cracks in multilayer structures with interfaces. This study indicates that the DWT could effectively prevent the propagation of type-I cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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