{"title":"原型离子提取器grid-1嵌入式冷却通道内传热的计算流体力学研究及与实验结果的比较","authors":"Tejendra Patel , Tapan Patel , M.R. Jana , U.K. Baruah","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115453","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with heat transfer analysis in the embedded semi-circular wavy mini cooling channels of the Steady State Superconducting Tokamak-1 (SST-1) Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Prototype Ion Extractor Grid-1. A detailed analysis is conducted to assess heat transfer performance during long pulse operation by validating the numerical simulations for the experimental results. A prototype ion extractor grid of size 150 mm × 60 mm (say PG-1) is fabricated with 4 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milled semi-circular wavy water mini cooling channels (R 1.1 ± 0.05 mm) on Oxygen Free Electronic (OFE) copper base plate for SST-1 NBI system as a part of in-house technology development. These cooling channels are covered by the copper electro-deposition technique. This PG-1 consists of 19 apertures, each of diameter 8 mm. The present work described CFD with heat transfer analysis of PG-1 using the ANSYS Fluent code. The analysis was performed by considering the Shear Stress Transport (SST) <em>k-ꞷ</em> turbulence model to simulate the present computational fluid domain. This analysis would help to understand the thermal and fluid dynamic behaviours of the grid when subjected to thermal loads. The flow analysis focuses on key parameters such as surface temperature distribution, water velocity distribution, and water flow patterns inside the mini cooling channels of the grid along with the water-to-copper surface interface temperature. The flow analysis considered the following boundary conditions: absorbed heat load of 5.49 kW, water mass flow rate of 0.078 kg/s, and inlet water temperature of 26 °C. The flow analysis results reveal that the maximum surface temperature of OFE copper is 122.32 °C, while the average surface temperature is 82.80 °C. The maximum surface-to-water interface temperature is 75.92 °C. The average water velocity within the channels is observed as 10 m/s. The flow simulated results are also compared with the High Heat Flux Test results and found moderate agreement within a maximum surface temperature deviation of ∼ 20 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Computational fluid dynamics Study with heat transfer inside the embedded cooling channels for prototype ion extractor grid-1 and comparison with experimental results\",\"authors\":\"Tejendra Patel , Tapan Patel , M.R. Jana , U.K. Baruah\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115453\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This study examines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with heat transfer analysis in the embedded semi-circular wavy mini cooling channels of the Steady State Superconducting Tokamak-1 (SST-1) Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Prototype Ion Extractor Grid-1. A detailed analysis is conducted to assess heat transfer performance during long pulse operation by validating the numerical simulations for the experimental results. A prototype ion extractor grid of size 150 mm × 60 mm (say PG-1) is fabricated with 4 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milled semi-circular wavy water mini cooling channels (R 1.1 ± 0.05 mm) on Oxygen Free Electronic (OFE) copper base plate for SST-1 NBI system as a part of in-house technology development. These cooling channels are covered by the copper electro-deposition technique. This PG-1 consists of 19 apertures, each of diameter 8 mm. The present work described CFD with heat transfer analysis of PG-1 using the ANSYS Fluent code. The analysis was performed by considering the Shear Stress Transport (SST) <em>k-ꞷ</em> turbulence model to simulate the present computational fluid domain. This analysis would help to understand the thermal and fluid dynamic behaviours of the grid when subjected to thermal loads. The flow analysis focuses on key parameters such as surface temperature distribution, water velocity distribution, and water flow patterns inside the mini cooling channels of the grid along with the water-to-copper surface interface temperature. The flow analysis considered the following boundary conditions: absorbed heat load of 5.49 kW, water mass flow rate of 0.078 kg/s, and inlet water temperature of 26 °C. The flow analysis results reveal that the maximum surface temperature of OFE copper is 122.32 °C, while the average surface temperature is 82.80 °C. The maximum surface-to-water interface temperature is 75.92 °C. The average water velocity within the channels is observed as 10 m/s. The flow simulated results are also compared with the High Heat Flux Test results and found moderate agreement within a maximum surface temperature deviation of ∼ 20 %.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55133,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fusion Engineering and Design\",\"volume\":\"222 \",\"pages\":\"Article 115453\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fusion Engineering and Design\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379625006490\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fusion Engineering and Design","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379625006490","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
本文通过对稳态超导托卡马克-1 (SST-1)中性束注入(NBI)原型离子萃取器栅格-1的嵌入式半圆形波状微型冷却通道的传热分析,对计算流体动力学(CFD)进行了研究。通过对实验结果的数值模拟验证,对长脉冲运行时的换热性能进行了详细分析。作为内部技术开发的一部分,在SST-1 NBI系统的无氧电子(OFE)铜基板上,用4个计算机数控(CNC)铣削的半圆形波浪水迷你冷却通道(R 1.1±0.05 mm)制造了尺寸为150 mm × 60 mm (PG-1)的原型离子提取器网格。这些冷却通道被铜电沉积技术覆盖。PG-1由19个孔径组成,每个孔径直径为8毫米。本文采用ANSYS Fluent软件对PG-1的传热进行了CFD分析。考虑剪切应力输运(SST) k-ꞷ湍流模型来模拟当前的计算流体域。这一分析将有助于理解网格在热负荷作用下的热和流体动力学行为。流动分析的重点是网格微型冷却通道内的表面温度分布、水流速度分布和水流形态等关键参数以及水-铜表面界面温度。流动分析考虑以下边界条件:吸收热负荷5.49 kW,水质量流量0.078 kg/s,进水温度26℃。流动分析结果表明,OFE铜的最高表面温度为122.32℃,平均表面温度为82.80℃。地水界面温度最高为75.92℃。通道内的平均水流速度为10米/秒。流动模拟结果也与高热流密度测试结果进行了比较,发现在最大表面温度偏差约20%内存在适度的一致性。
Computational fluid dynamics Study with heat transfer inside the embedded cooling channels for prototype ion extractor grid-1 and comparison with experimental results
This study examines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with heat transfer analysis in the embedded semi-circular wavy mini cooling channels of the Steady State Superconducting Tokamak-1 (SST-1) Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Prototype Ion Extractor Grid-1. A detailed analysis is conducted to assess heat transfer performance during long pulse operation by validating the numerical simulations for the experimental results. A prototype ion extractor grid of size 150 mm × 60 mm (say PG-1) is fabricated with 4 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milled semi-circular wavy water mini cooling channels (R 1.1 ± 0.05 mm) on Oxygen Free Electronic (OFE) copper base plate for SST-1 NBI system as a part of in-house technology development. These cooling channels are covered by the copper electro-deposition technique. This PG-1 consists of 19 apertures, each of diameter 8 mm. The present work described CFD with heat transfer analysis of PG-1 using the ANSYS Fluent code. The analysis was performed by considering the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ꞷ turbulence model to simulate the present computational fluid domain. This analysis would help to understand the thermal and fluid dynamic behaviours of the grid when subjected to thermal loads. The flow analysis focuses on key parameters such as surface temperature distribution, water velocity distribution, and water flow patterns inside the mini cooling channels of the grid along with the water-to-copper surface interface temperature. The flow analysis considered the following boundary conditions: absorbed heat load of 5.49 kW, water mass flow rate of 0.078 kg/s, and inlet water temperature of 26 °C. The flow analysis results reveal that the maximum surface temperature of OFE copper is 122.32 °C, while the average surface temperature is 82.80 °C. The maximum surface-to-water interface temperature is 75.92 °C. The average water velocity within the channels is observed as 10 m/s. The flow simulated results are also compared with the High Heat Flux Test results and found moderate agreement within a maximum surface temperature deviation of ∼ 20 %.
期刊介绍:
The journal accepts papers about experiments (both plasma and technology), theory, models, methods, and designs in areas relating to technology, engineering, and applied science aspects of magnetic and inertial fusion energy. Specific areas of interest include: MFE and IFE design studies for experiments and reactors; fusion nuclear technologies and materials, including blankets and shields; analysis of reactor plasmas; plasma heating, fuelling, and vacuum systems; drivers, targets, and special technologies for IFE, controls and diagnostics; fuel cycle analysis and tritium reprocessing and handling; operations and remote maintenance of reactors; safety, decommissioning, and waste management; economic and environmental analysis of components and systems.