Geomorphology最新文献

{"title":"Spatio-temporal interpolation of ~530 Ma paleo-DEM to quantify denudation of a terrestrial impact crater","authors":"J. Aswathi ,&nbsp;S. James ,&nbsp;S. Keerthy ,&nbsp;A. Rajaneesh ,&nbsp;V.R. Rani ,&nbsp;K.S. Sajinkumar ,&nbsp;Thomas Oommen ,&nbsp;R.B. Binoj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Erosion and weathering are two of the several exogenic processes that control the intensity and patterns of landform evolution. Based on previous studies, the varied erosion rates observed in the geological past depends on factors like mean relief (morphology), climate, lithology, and time. Meteorite impact craters have unique geomorphic features, being characterized by both negative relief features (the bowl-shaped depression) and positive features (such as elevated rims; additionally, central elevated areas for complex craters). This makes them a suitable morphologic feature to study both erosion and deposition. This study estimates the long-term erosion of Ramgarh crater in western India, a crater debated on its morphology and erosion rates. This study uses a paleo-digital elevation model (paleo-DEM), a reconstruction of the crater morphology at ⁓528 Ma- the potential upper age of formation of Ramgarh, along with previously established models with suitable modifications to quantify erosion from the final stage to the present day. The type of projectile and its physical characteristics such as diameter and volume were also estimated. Reconstruction of the crater's paleo-position was achieved through GPlates (a GIS-based paleo-reconstruction model), followed by recreating the transient and final crater morphology (including parameters such as crater diameter and true depth, rim height, and thickness of proximal ejecta) for two age limits (528 Ma and 395 Ma). The intermittent morphology of the crater was generated using mathematical equations to depict the sequence of changes through time. The erosion of the crater, quantified in terms of cumulative volume, is between 0.41 and 0.58 km³. This range is based on four conditions pertaining to two different final crater rim heights (mathematically derived) as well as two age limits. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the long-term morphological evolution of Ramgarh crater and contributes to the understanding of impact crater's erosion processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 109644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fluvio-deltaic interaction on river channel morphodynamical equilibrium in the lower Yellow River","authors":"Dangwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanxu Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Liu ,&nbsp;Zuwen Ji ,&nbsp;Anjun Deng ,&nbsp;Jianguo Chen ,&nbsp;Yuhai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upstream river channel adjustments exhibit complex responses to changes in base level, particularly those induced by delta river channel avulsions. While this phenomenon has been studied, the equilibrium of river channels under the influence of base level changes and fluvial transport remains unclear. The Yellow River delta, known for frequent channel avulsions, exerts a time-varying impact on upstream river channel dynamics. In this study, we employed multi-source data to quantify the overall effect of delta evolution on upstream river channel changes in the lower Yellow River. We analyzed water level fluctuations at a discharge of 3000 m³/s (a representative near-bankfull discharge) from five hydrological stations over the period from 1951 to 1990. The water levels at all five cross-sections showed an overall rising trend with fluctuations. However, the trends at different stations during the same period were not synchronous, indicating that the river channel bed elevation did not rise or fall uniformly across the entire lower Yellow River. To explore this further, we conducted lagged linear regression to determine how river channel changes responded to delta propagation both downstream and upstream. The regression results showed no lag in water level changes at the five hydrological stations in the downstream direction. However, in the upstream direction, the water levels at Huayuankou, Gaocun, Aishan, and Luokou demonstrated a maximum delayed response of up to 8 years to changes at the Lijin station. This suggests that river channel adjustments can experience up to an 8-year delay in response to flow-sediment regimes at Lijin, likely due to the backwater effects of deltaic evolution. The point of transition where lagged regression coefficients in both the downstream and upstream directions converge near Aishan was identified as the upper boundary of the delta backwater effect. At this location, the downstream influence of fluvial processes and the upstream influence of delta backwater equilibrate. This point is situated approximately 500 km from the Xiaolangdi Dam and 250 km from Lijin. Our findings offer new insights into the ongoing debate regarding river channel adjustments in the lower Yellow River, under the dual influence of fluvial sediment transport and delta backwater effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 109643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in a deep valley of the Czech Flysch Carpathians","authors":"Vladimír Chalupa ,&nbsp;Tomáš Pánek ,&nbsp;Michal Břežný ,&nbsp;Francisco Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Alicia Medialdea","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Czech Outer Western Carpathians (OWC), the lower limit of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) occur associated with moderate local relief and slope gradient, showing a limited degree of geomorphic development. Here, DSGSDs display a relatively high spatial frequency, despite the limited tectonic and seismic activity, often claimed as major preparatory and triggering factors. Nonetheless, favourable stratigraphic and structural features in flysch successions, together with fluvial downcutting, provide conditions prone to DSGSDs. The study area of Travný Mt. hosts the typical DSGSDs in the highest part of Czech OWC. With the aim of unravelling the controlling and triggering factors, the internal structure, and the timing and kinematics of mass-movement activity, a multidisciplinary investigation was performed. LiDAR-based and field geomorphological mapping allowed to constrain the extent of the of DSGSD, expressed by characteristic landforms such as antislope scarps and grabens. The structural analysis and geophysical surveys (ERT and GPR) provided insight into the internal structure of the DSGSD, reaching a depth of &gt;100 m, and supported its mountain-scale spatial propagation. The instability is controlled by inherited faults, deep-penetrating joints and and the stratigraphic contact between brittle caprock overlying weaker rocks. Morphologically, the most prominent deformation is located in the upper part, which is dominated by toppling of flysch blocks with thick-bedded sandstone. The results of the trenching technique and geochronological analyses point to the episodic kinematics of this portion of the DSGSD, revealing a significant displacement event (ca. 9.9 ka) linked to a major climate change occurred after the Late Glacial/Holocene transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"470 ","pages":"Article 109545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of fluvial systems in Eurasia at different time scales","authors":"David Bridgland ,&nbsp;Tobias Lauer ,&nbsp;Martin Stokes","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"470 ","pages":"Article 109540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ‘SedCam’—A close-range remote sensing method of estimating suspended-sediment concentration in small rivers","authors":"Adam R. Mosbrucker ,&nbsp;Molly S. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adaptation of suspended-sediment surrogate technologies continues to rapidly expand across geomorphology and fluvial sediment monitoring efforts. Over a decade of research and development shows increased reliability and accuracy of in-situ surrogates with reduced program cost as compared to traditional sample-based methods, but environmental fouling and probe damage can be problematic. The SedCam technique is a unique non-contact close-range remote sensing method to estimate suspended-sediment concentration from multispectral imagery of a river surface. In contrast to typical airborne- or satellite-based platforms, SedCam uses broadband sensors with lower spectral resolution (three bands covering wavelengths of 340 to 1100 nm) but greater spatial resolution (0.5 mm pixel size; equivalent to medium to coarse sand) and temporal resolution (15-min intervals during daylight hours). This paper summarizes lessons learned from two studies, utilizing three consumer-grade digital cameras (each with different spectral signatures) at two different rivers (each with different sediment characteristics). More than 90,000 images and 174 concurrent physical samples represent a collective period of 26 months. A subset of these data pairs supports the development of four regression models. Statistical diagnostics show model error can be &lt;40 % when surface point samples are used, with coefficients of determination ≥0.90. This novel approach shows similar accuracy to other surrogate methods such as instream turbidity. Results of this study indicate that optimizing spectra based on expected suspended-sediment concentration increases model performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 109642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedload response to dam removal: Results from a 6-year particle tracking survey in the Leitzaran River (Basque Country)","authors":"A. Ibisate ,&nbsp;H. García ,&nbsp;D. Vázquez-Tarrío ,&nbsp;I. Sánchez-Pinto ,&nbsp;X. Herrero ,&nbsp;A. Sáenz de Olazagoitia ,&nbsp;A. Ollero","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dams, weirs and transverse barriers to rivers interrupt sediment continuity and reduce sediment supply downstream. In this regard, dam removal is an increasingly used river restoration measure to recover longitudinal connectivity of sediment, among many other river processes. In this work we present a 6-year (from 2016 to 2022) monitoring of bedload transport before, during and after the removal of the 7-meters high Olloki dam in the Leitzaran River (Basque Country). The removal process started in 2018 with the upper 3 m and was completed in 2019 with the remaining 4 m of the dam. To monitor bedload transport, we seeded RFID-tagged stones in three reaches: a control reach unaffected by the dam, a reach immediately upstream of the dam, and a reach downstream of the dam. We deployed 300 tagged stones each year (100 by reach), i.e., 1800 in total. We measured important mobilization and displacement of tracer stones (with maximum travel distances of ∼8.8 km of tracers seeded upstream the Olloki dam) during an active hydrological year following the complete removal of the dam, with some tagged particles even travelling across a downstream weir. We also reported changes in the progression of tagged stones in the dam-affected reaches (upstream and downstream) with the removal, with further and faster dispersal of sediments once the dam was removed. In addition, in these reaches we estimated larger volumes of mobilized bedload in the three years following removal than in the previous years, especially in the upstream reach. In this regard, the relationship between bedload and cumulated energy suggests that less energy was expended in the upstream reach for mobilizing bedload once the removal of the dam was completed. Conversely, in the control reach no major changes were observed before and after the removal of the dam; this reach showed only an increase in sediment mobilization during the last hydrological year, which was the most hydrologically active of the whole monitoring period. In summary, our tracer observations document that travel distances and mobilization volumes are considerably increased with dam removal, especially once the dam was completely removed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"470 ","pages":"Article 109542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithological controls on chemical weathering signatures in the semi-arid climatic regime: Study based on tropical small scale catchments","authors":"Ravi Kant Prasad ,&nbsp;Naman Deep Singh ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Vikrant Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithological controls on chemical weathering can be better constrained by studying catchments having different lithologic settings in similar climatic conditions. This study compares the weathering fluxes in two small catchments having different lithology in semi-arid region (500–800 mm year^-1 rainfall) in western India: The West Banas River (2100 km² area, 372 m relief) draining granitic/gneissic rocks and the Berach River (610 km² area; 542 m relief) flowing through shales. Sample collected in the year 2016 and 2017, were analysed for chemical composition to evaluate chemical weathering fluxes. Inverse model analysis and Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) simulated runoff were combined to estimate the annual weathering fluxes. Total dissolved solids (TDS) in the West Banas ranged from 71 to 428 mgL⁻¹(avg. 227 mgL⁻¹), while the Berach River showed TDS of 190–712 mgL⁻¹(avg. 370 mgL⁻¹), with a few higher values due to anthropogenic sources. Silicate weathering rate (<em>Sil</em>WR) is estimated as 7.7 ± 1.7 tons km⁻²y⁻¹ for the granitic West Banas catchment whereas 5.7 ± 1.2 tons km⁻²y⁻¹ for the shale lithology in the Berach River. The weathering susceptibility ratio of shale to granite is derived as 2:3. The weathering intensity is highly controlled by the susceptible minerals present in these rocks. The posteriori results of elemental ratios of the silicate endmember in shale lithology basin (Berach River) shows strong indication of incongruent weathering in the basin as a result of their constituting minerals has already gone through at least one cycle of chemical weathering during their formation. Saline-alkaline soils (SAS) contribute significantly to dissolved loads, especially in the Berach (38 ± 12 %), compared to the West Banas (26 ± 7 %). The cations derived from different lithologic sources have a dependency on the drainage basin area. However, other topographical factors showed minor control on chemical weathering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"470 ","pages":"Article 109521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the failure mode and kinematics of high-steep rock slides based on video target tracking: A case study of Bijiashan rock fall in Wu Gorge in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China","authors":"Xuebing Wang ,&nbsp;Yueping Yin ,&nbsp;Zhihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Luqi Wang ,&nbsp;Bolin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing the failure mode and kinematics of high-steep rockslides and rockfalls is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of their instability mechanisms. Existing methods for determining the failure mode and kinematics of rockfalls either rely on large-scale outdoor experiments or involve basic video analysis. This paper proposed a flexible method for analyzing the failure mode and kinematics of high-steep rockfalls based on video target tracking, which is applicable to videos shared on online media platforms. The Bijiashan rock fall (BRF) event that occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) in China on September 28, 2021, was selected as the study case. Through video target tracking and coordinate correction, the failure mode and kinematic characteristics during the collapse process of the BRF were obtained. The rock mass in source area was segmented into three zones, top, middle, and base. The failure mode was described as that the base rock mass underwent buckling and disintegration, resulting in the middle rock mass losing balance and sliding, ultimately leading the top rock mass to fall off. During the rock slide, the largest falling rock's mass was estimated to be 37.7 kt, with an impact velocity of 51.2 m/s and an impact kinetic energy of up to 49.4 × 10⁶ kJ. This study can serve as a reference for future research on understanding the failure mode and kinematics of high-steep rock slides using video target tracking tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 109638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of aeolian sand processes at different scales utilizing the Scale-Independent Particle Tracking Velocimetry","authors":"Kaiyuan Guan ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Yuanwei Lin ,&nbsp;Xin Gao ,&nbsp;Bin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aeolian sand process, encompassing information from dune migration to sand grain movement, requires accurate measurement through appropriate methods. Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) excels in kinematic analysis of isolated objects, yet opportunities for further improvement remain. This study introduces a scale-independent PTV algorithm (SI-PTV) that tracks feature points using the Voronoi Diagram (VD). The effectiveness of SI-PTV in kinematic analysis at three scales is confirmed through comparison with existing data. Considering that the aeolian process is not limited to inland arid areas but also occurs in coastal regions and on islands, and coral sand, which differs morphologically from quartz sand, has been under-researched in terms of its dynamic behavior, this paper studies the dynamic parameters of coral sand using SI-PTV. The result shows that coral sand has a higher kinetic energy restitution coefficient than quartz sand, along with a stable impact angle distribution, leading to predominantly positive collisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 109635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The large distribution of inverted stream channel terrains in the western Qaidam Basin, North Tibetan Plateau, and implications to the fluvial ridges on Mars","authors":"Zi-Kang Li,&nbsp;Sheng-Hua Li,&nbsp;Yi-Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fluvial ridge, an important landform that has been documented on both Earth and Mars over different geologic times, provides critical evidence of past hydrologic activity. However, the processes of deposition and subsequent erosion of terrestrial fluvial ridges are still largely unclear, and the study of these processes is essential to a better understanding of fluvial ridges on Mars. Here, we report 16 well-preserved regions of inverted stream channels (ISCs), a type of fluvial ridge, with different morphological features and settings, widely distributed in the western Qaidam Basin (QB). Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the ISC sediments indicates that these channels were deposited during a cold and dry climatic period (MIS 6). Based on mapping, statistical, and geometric analyses of channel length and sinuosity, we propose a classification scheme that takes into account the architecture of the individual channels and the morphology of channel networks. Our results suggest that the formation of ISCs in the Qaidam Basin occurred during the warming phase following the onset of a cooling cycle, and that the subsequent inversion of ridges is primarily the result of wind and fluvial erosion under a hyperarid climate. The ISCs can also be compared to analogous counterparts on Mars, inverted channels or sinuous ridges, due to their morphological similarities, which could potentially shed light on the hydrological environments of early Mars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 109632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}