Geomorphology最新文献

{"title":"Respective impacts of global warming, permafrost thaw and urban sprawl on debris-flow risk: Insights from the Dorfbach Torrent, Swiss Alps","authors":"Gabriel da Silva Correia ,&nbsp;Adrien Favillier ,&nbsp;Markus Stoffel ,&nbsp;Christoph Graf ,&nbsp;Manon Farvacque ,&nbsp;Christophe Corona","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Debris flows pose significant hazards to mountain communities worldwide. In the European Alps, they annually damage infrastructure and settlements, often resulting in fatalities. Climate warming is projected to locally and temporarily shift debris-flow frequency, intensity, and spatial extent by enhancing rain-on-snow events, precipitation extremes, glacier melt, and permafrost thaw—processes that alter sediment availability in alpine catchments. At the same time, human exposure to debris-flow hazards has intensified as urban expansion increasingly encroaches on torrential cones, driven by limited development space in alpine valleys. Despite their central role in shaping future risk and economic losses, climate and land-use changes are rarely considered together in quantitative risk analyses. This study investigates the depositional cone of the Dorfbach torrent (Valais, Switzerland), drawing on scenarios of past, present, and future debris-flow frequency and intensity. Hazard maps were combined with elements at risk, buildings and infrastructure, from 1880 to 2020, based on historical topographic maps and aerial photographs. Analyses employed the Swiss EconoMe framework, designed to quantify risks from gravitational hazards, to disentangle the influence of climate and land-use on total risk. Results indicate that climate warming and permafrost thaw alone would expand the debris-flow-affected area by 228 %, reducible to 61 % with protection dams. Historical data show settlements and infrastructure on the cone increased by 227 % and 203 % respectively since 1880. Integrating hazard scenarios with risk elements across four time steps (1880, 1940, 1980, and 2020) reveals that land-use changes have led to a 118 % in risk costs between 1880 and 2020. In contrast, the 2010 hazard mapping projected a 238 % increase, highlighting that climate-driven hazard changes contribute more than twice as much as land-use change to rising risk costs. Given widespread urban expansion on Alpine torrential cones and rapid climate shifts, our findings from this archetypal Swiss site underscore the need for similar integrated studies across other mountain regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"493 ","pages":"Article 110086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometrics and process regimes: Defining the beach-dune transition zone on an evolving coast","authors":"Elizabeth George ,&nbsp;Alex Smith ,&nbsp;Jacob Lehner ,&nbsp;Brianna Lunardi ,&nbsp;Phillipe Wernette ,&nbsp;Ben Chittle ,&nbsp;Chris Houser","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the resiliency and evolution of coastal barriers is critical for developing effective management strategies given sea level rise, changes in storm activity, and the loss of sea ice. The dune toe is a commonly used morphometric boundary for assessing response and recovery of coastal barriers. Multiple extraction methods have been developed to extract the dune toe from large remote sensing datasets, including Least Cost Path (LCP), Inflection Point (IP), and Relative Relief (RR). Each method is based on independent a priori assumptions that these morphometrics are representative of process-regime boundaries across the beach-dune interface, but there is increasing evidence that these simple morphometrics are not consistent or accurate. Data from Brackley Beach (BB), Prince Edward Island (PEI) in this study critically evaluates commonly used dune toe delineation methods, and how these delineations relate to cross-shore variations in backshore vegetation extent, frequency of beach inundation due to wave runup, and elevation change in response to post-tropical storms Dorian and Fiona. Results indicate that IP, LCP, and RR force the dune toe landward and at higher elevations compared to the seaward extent of vegetation, the distribution of run-up elevations and changes in elevation. A modified Relative Relief (MRR) delineation method is introduced as the further seaward threshold position of the RR method. Results suggest that this is more representative of the boundary for vegetation, run-up and elevation change, suggesting that this location is a more accurate for estimating beach-dune response and recovery to storm activity and sea level rise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"493 ","pages":"Article 110085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coast uplifted by nearby shore-parallel active submarine faults during the 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake","authors":"Hideaki Goto ,&nbsp;Tomoru Yamanaka ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Makita ,&nbsp;Yoshiya Iwasa ,&nbsp;Takuro Ogura ,&nbsp;Kyoko Kagohara ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Kumahara ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Suzuki ,&nbsp;Nobuhisa Matta ,&nbsp;Tatsuto Aoki ,&nbsp;Wataru Mori ,&nbsp;Kenta Haranishi ,&nbsp;Takashi Nakata","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An Mw 7.5 earthquake occurred at 16:10 JST on January 1, 2024 at a depth of 16 km on the Noto Peninsula, central Japan. This earthquake was the second-largest intraplate earthquake recorded in Japan during 120 years of seismic observation, and it caused approximately 100 km of coastal seafloor emergence along the peninsula's northern coast. Herein, we mapped the emergence of this coastal seafloor and measured the uplift along the coast. The movement of the coastline led to the emergence of approximately 4.4 km² of seafloor, which is continuous and probably the longest in the world. We determined the uplift distribution along the coast using the white remains of a reddish seaweed called <em>Corallina pilulifera</em>. Its upper limit exhibited a distinct horizontal line, effectively representing the uplift amount throughout the peninsula. Two large, uplifted regions were identified, around Cape Saruyama (5.21 m) in the west and Cape Kurasaki (2.70 m) in the north. Although active offshore submarine faults have been extensively researched, the fault traces remain poorly defined because they are primarily interpreted from seismic reflection profiles. We identified the distribution of active submarine faults using anaglyph-type stereoscopic images, confirming the subsurface deformation structure seen through the seismic reflection profiles. The main fault trace is primarily straight and contiguous with the nearby north coast. The uplift amount is greater near the active fault traces on the north side and diminishes sharply with increasing distance from these faults, indicating a southward tilt of surface uplift related to the active submarine faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"493 ","pages":"Article 110069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mountain lake development by active tectonics and landslides in the North-Central Alborz (Northern Iran)","authors":"Mohammad R. Ghassemi ,&nbsp;Maryam Heydari ,&nbsp;Frank Preusser","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lakes in active mountain belts record hydrological and climatological conditions, mass movements, and seismic events that influence their development and demise. Four paleolakes on the northern watershed of the central Alborz Mountains are studied here for the first time to reveal their characteristics regarding basin fill attributes and understand the underlying mechanisms and events that actively contributed to their evolution. The complex and unexplored interplay of heavy landslides, earthquakes, and actively deforming structures caused blockages of the mountain passages that formed the paleolakes at different times. Luminescence dating of the basin sediments reveals that the paleolakes formed between the late Middle Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Our geochronological results indicate that the four paleolakes formed primarily during glacial periods, specifically Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6 and 2, with only one showing earlier development during the interglacial periods, MIS 7 and MIS 5. As such, they were exposed to cold climatic conditions and were ice-covered, at least during the winter, in accordance with Alpine lakes. Overspill and breaching of the lakes were likely associated with catastrophic flooding downstream of the basin outlets, as exemplified by the Kojur paleolake and its outburst material, which formed the Sisangan alluvial fan. Sedimentary and incision characteristics of the region under study reveal that some paleolakes experienced more than one episode of damming and overspill. Future studies may provide more detailed insights into the formation and development of these lakes over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"493 ","pages":"Article 110058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the Hron River drainage divide (Western Carpathians): From regional drivers to local controls","authors":"Roberta Prokešová ,&nbsp;Ján Novotný","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drainage divides are dynamic landscape features that change their positions over time and evolve towards a topographic steady state. Although divide migration greatly affects the landscape, the process is commonly too slow to be observed or measured directly. Consequently, the primary mechanisms driving the migration of drainage divides remain poorly understood. While it is assumed that unequal erosion rates on opposite sides of drainage divides force their migrations, indirect evidence or proxy indices currently provide the most effective tools for estimating these erosion rates. This study employs DEM-based topographic indices serving as erosional proxies to quantify their cross-divide anomalies, inferring variations in erosion rates across the analysed drainage divide. Our analysis focused on the divide segments defining the upper part of the Hron River basin. This drainage basin is located in the Inner Western Carpathians, for which limited information is available on key drivers controlling drainage divide dynamics. To infer differences in erosion rates across the analysed drainage divide, we used two categories of proxy indices, the fluvial and hillslope (Gilbert) metrics. The obtained results indicate that fluvial proxies are likely responsive to regional controls, albeit relatively weak in the study area. Specifically, the <em>χ</em> (chi) index anomalies show relatively consistent patterns, suggesting a generally northward-directed asymmetry. We interpret the cross-divide <em>χ</em>-offsets as reflecting the topographic response to the ongoing uplift of the Western Carpathians, which represents the main regional driving force. The most recent uplift phase appears to be spatially uniform and characterised by low rates, which are generally consistent with current GNSS data and the low seismicity of the Inner Western Carpathians. In contrast, topography adjacent to the drainage divide appears to be dominated by local-scale or short-term processes, which are effectively captured by hillslope (Gilbert) metrics. In the vicinity of the drainage divide segments, these local controls often obscure regional trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"493 ","pages":"Article 110077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effect of flood 2020 on the morphological changes of the Sadij River, Southeastern of Iran” [Geomorphology 489 (2025) 109994]","authors":"Naimeh Rahimi ,&nbsp;Somaiyeh Khaleghi ,&nbsp;Alireza Salehipour Milani","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"492 ","pages":"Article 110070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure patterns and hydrological response of layered slope","authors":"Junfeng Tang ,&nbsp;Zhuxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Maoshan Li ,&nbsp;Junkai Xu ,&nbsp;Taro Uchimura ,&nbsp;Weimin Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiangang Jiang ,&nbsp;Dong Huang ,&nbsp;Kun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall infiltration in layered slopes is strongly influenced by the hydraulic contrast between soil layers, which can induce flow diversion and significantly affect slope stability. Further investigation is essential to clarify the mechanisms governing slope failure under such conditions. This study integrates physical model tests with transient numerical simulations to examine the hydrological responses and failure patterns of multi-layered slopes subjected to rainfall. The experimental results reveal three distinct failure modes: retrogressive sliding, seepage erosion, and localized sliding. Each mode is governed by the interplay between slope inclination and soil hydraulic properties. Retrogressive sliding was observed in gently sloping profiles due to uniform pore water pressure accumulation, while seepage erosion resulted from concentrated flows and fine particle migration at the slope base. Localized sliding occurred in steeper slopes where rapid water accumulation above the coarse-grained layer led to sudden failure. Numerical simulations reproduced the transient infiltration dynamics, highlighting two infiltration regimes: the Store–Divert–Percolation pattern in low-angle slopes and the Store–Divert–Drainage behavior in steeper ones. These findings improve our understanding of slope failure mechanisms and offer practical guidance for risk assessment, slope design, and mitigation in geotechnical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"492 ","pages":"Article 110071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High alpine preglacial caves modified by glacial processes and late condensation-corrosion in the Scerscen Valley (Valmalenco, Western Alps, Italy)","authors":"Philippe Audra ,&nbsp;Jo De Waele ,&nbsp;Alessandro Uggeri ,&nbsp;Didier Cailhol ,&nbsp;Ilenia M. D'Angeli ,&nbsp;Adriano Fiorucci ,&nbsp;Ivano Foianini ,&nbsp;Samuele Foianini ,&nbsp;Régis Braucher ,&nbsp;Mauro Inglese ,&nbsp;Andrea Maconi ,&nbsp;Felicita Spreafico ,&nbsp;Marco Barile ,&nbsp;Cristina Carbone ,&nbsp;Paola Tognini","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Scerscen Valley (western Italian Alps) is home to caves at an altitude of around 2600 m, opening close to the edge of a glacier. The aim of the research as part of a multi-disciplinary project was to reconstruct the evolution of the caves related to the geological and paleo-environmental evolution of the area and to evaluate the role of some of the most recent processes, such as condensation-corrosion and sediment deposition. We performed cosmonucleide burial dating, recorded morphology and micrometeorology, carried out mineralogical identification by XRD, and hydrogeology using dye tracing and physical and chemical analyses. The cosmonucleide dating of quartz pebbles showed that the Veronica Cave is the oldest, with deposits dated at 1.3 ± 0.4 Ma, and possibly even older. It certainly formed at a much lower altitude (approx. 1300 m a.s.l. or lower) during the Alpine uplift. The Morgana and Marsooi caves, given the smaller volume of their phreatic conduits (1/3 of Veronica), are possibly more recent, formed during interglacials and evolved close to a glacial body. The caves initiated in dolomitic marble under the influence of sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) due to pyrite oxidation. The conduits were then enlarged dramatically under phreatic conditions. The caves have evolved since their preglacial formation, with phases of filling by fluvio-glacial sediments and unclogging. Water tracing and physico-chemical analysis attest to a well-karstified aquifer, with rapid water circulation (&gt;20 m/h) and low temperatures (∼2 °C), draining towards the main spring, “La Prediletta”, located at the foot of the dolomitic marbles. Microclimatic records (cave temperature and humidity) show seasonal cycles of condensation and evaporation, influenced by air exchanges with the outside atmosphere. These processes contributed to the formation of secondary minerals by evaporation (gypsum, hydromagnesite…) and, above all, to the significant enlargement of passages by the retreat of walls with characteristic morphologies (facets and grooved walls). The Scerscen caves bear witness to a long geological and climatic history, from their formation before the Mid-Pleistocene ice ages to their present-day evolution. They offer valuable insights into karst processes in the high mountains, and interactions between glaciers and aquifers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"492 ","pages":"Article 110054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing extreme Late Pleistocene floods in Morocco's Inaouène Valley reveals larger discharges during terrace aggradation than both incision and modern floods","authors":"Mohammed Lghamour ,&nbsp;Lhoucine Karrat ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Picotti ,&nbsp;Irka Hajdas ,&nbsp;Negar Haghipour ,&nbsp;Giulia Guidobaldi ,&nbsp;Wyss Heeb Karin","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how Quaternary climate shifts shaped fluvial systems through cycles of aggradation and incision is a central theme in fluvial geomorphology. A widely observed pattern is that wetter climatic phases enhance flood discharge and transport capacity, driving valley incision. Whether this relationship is reversed in sediment-rich, semi-arid environments, however, has remained poorly constrained by direct quantitative evidence. Here we present the first quantitative reconstructions of peak flood paleodischarges from the Late Pleistocene Inaouène valley, northern Morocco. Our results show that minimum peak flood discharges during Last Glacial Maximum aggradation were at least 8487 ± 1128 m³/s, exceeding those of the subsequent incisional phase (≥1950 ± 181 m³/s) by more than four times and the maximum modern recorded flood by over 6.5 times. These findings demonstrate a sediment-supply-dominated regime, where abundant clast production from hillslopes overwhelmed even extreme floods and drove valley-wide aggradation. Incision, in turn, occurred under conditions of much lower discharge and reduced sediment input. This study provides direct, quantitative evidence linking abrupt Lateglacial climate transitions to flood-driven landscape evolution in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"492 ","pages":"Article 110059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relief increase in the Swiss northern Alpine Foreland after the Mid-Pleistocene Transition","authors":"C. Dieleman ,&nbsp;M. Christl ,&nbsp;C. Vockenhuber ,&nbsp;P. Gautschi ,&nbsp;F. Schlunegger ,&nbsp;N. Akçar","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glaciations have the potential to significantly change the landscape over time. Here, we document such changes in landscape dynamics using the northern Swiss Alpine Foreland as example, and we explore how the landscape in the foreland evolved during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Following these scopes, we investigated glaciofluvial gravels in detail at seven sites in the Mandach and Lake Constance regions situated on the northern side of the Central European Alps. Clast petrography analysis indicates that the gravels in the Mandach region were transported by the Aare, Reuss, Linth, and Rhaetian paleoglaciers from the Alps into the northern Alpine Foreland, where they were subsequently deposited by meltwaters. In contrast the sediments at Schienerberg in the Lake Constance region, situated farther to the Northeast, show that they were transported solely by the Rhaetian paleoglacier. The isochron-burial chronology at the study sites suggests that the sediments were deposited during the Middle Pleistocene within in the age range of the Möhlin Glaciation around 500 ka. Because the Early and Middle Pleistocene archives were deposited at different elevations, the chronologic record established in this paper yields information on how erosion and thus the formation of relief changed over time. In particular the ages imply that bedrock incision was accelerated from &lt;100 m/My prior 1 Ma, to &gt;200 m/My between 1 Ma and the onset of the Möhlin Glaciation at ca 500 ka, to &lt;100 m/My thereafter. The timing of the relief change implies that the lowering was likely induced by the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"492 ","pages":"Article 110060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}