Geomorphology最新文献

Onshore inundation and coastal boulder initiation of motion at Inishmaan, Ireland 爱尔兰伊尼什曼的陆上洪水和海岸巨石运动

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110197

Hannah R. Spero , James G. Herterich , Melissa A. Berke , Jacob Berryhill , Mary C. Bourke , Niamh D. Cullen , Michael J. Starek , Andrew B. Kennedy

{"title":"Onshore inundation and coastal boulder initiation of motion at Inishmaan, Ireland","authors":"Hannah R. Spero , James G. Herterich , Melissa A. Berke , Jacob Berryhill , Mary C. Bourke , Niamh D. Cullen , Michael J. Starek , Andrew B. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal boulder deposits (CBDs) are powerful proxies for extreme wave events, but the relationships between CBDs and inundation remain uncertain. The work reported here relates simultaneous measurements of coastal boulder transport and storm wave inundation over Winter 2023/24 on Inishmaan, Ireland. Specific aspects considered include: directly, in-situ measured frictional coefficients, detailed boulder shapes from post-processed iPhone lidar scans, measured onshore wave depths at transport, and inferred inundation velocities and Froude numbers. Although the Initiation of Motion (IoM) relations have been widely used to estimate inundation velocities and wave heights leading to boulder transport in many studies, they contain assumptions and simplifications that are rarely tested. Here, new IoM relations are developed for partially submerged boulders of arbitrary shape and are tested using measured inundation and motion records.</div><div>Results show that many boulders were transported while partially submerged, which is contrary to existing IoM model assumptions. The minimum flow velocity required to initiate the transport of partially submerged boulders is larger than that for fully submerged boulders. Most inferred Froude numbers exceeded unity, which is different than published assumptions for storm wave-driven boulder transport. All boulder motion occurred during times of measured inundation from named storms, and almost always near high tide.</div><div>These results have implications for understanding and modeling coastal boulder entrainment and transport, and more broadly for coastal hazard management and CBD interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient recognition of cone karst landforms through deep learning: insights from multi-source data fusion in southwest China 基于深度学习的锥形岩溶地貌高效识别：来自西南地区多源数据融合的见解

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110174

Bin Dai , Tao Peng , Xinbao Zhang , Weiwei Wu , Xiaomei Mo , Shaoqiang Xu , Li Zhou , Shijie Wang

{"title":"Efficient recognition of cone karst landforms through deep learning: insights from multi-source data fusion in southwest China","authors":"Bin Dai , Tao Peng , Xinbao Zhang , Weiwei Wu , Xiaomei Mo , Shaoqiang Xu , Li Zhou , Shijie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate mapping of cone karst hills, a typical landform in tropical-subtropical karst landscapes, is essential for understanding karst geomorphology and supporting environmental management. However, the complex topography of these areas poses significant challenges for conventional mapping approaches. This study presents an advanced deep learning approach for cone karst hill identification in China's Guizhou Karst Plateau, integrating multi-source data, including high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEM), DEM-derived data and spectral information with U-Net and DeepLab V3+ architecture. The results demonstrate that the U-Net model consistently outperformed DeepLab V3+, achieving higher accuracy and adaptability across all data configurations for cone karst hills recognition. The optimal configuration (DEM, slope and local relief) showed notably superior performance compared to other tested configurations. Rigorous validation in the Xinyi and Anlong regions of southwestern Guizhou confirmed the method's reliability and transferability. This research establishes a scalable and transferable processing workflow that enables high-precision, large-scale mapping of individual cone karst hills, with direct applications in geomorphological research, sustainable land management, and conservation planning for fragile karst ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geomorphological characterisation, pattern, and distribution of ice-margin positions of the former Scandinavian Ice Sheet 前斯堪的纳维亚冰盖冰缘位置的地貌特征、格局和分布

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110194

H.E. Dulfer , B.M. Boyes , C.D. Clark , N. Dewald , F.E.G. Butcher , J.C. Ely , A.L.C. Hughes

{"title":"Geomorphological characterisation, pattern, and distribution of ice-margin positions of the former Scandinavian Ice Sheet","authors":"H.E. Dulfer , B.M. Boyes , C.D. Clark , N. Dewald , F.E.G. Butcher , J.C. Ely , A.L.C. Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retreating ice sheets leave behind rich landform records which can be used to understand glaciological processes and the responses of ice sheets to warming climates. Ice-marginal landforms are formed along glacier margins, and their distribution on the beds of palaeo-ice sheets can be used to reconstruct former ice-margin positions. Here we scrutinised high-resolution (1–2 m/pixel) digital terrain models across Norway, Sweden, and Finland, applying a consistent approach to observe ice-marginal landforms and then synthesising these to reconstruct former ice-margin positions of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. We present a map of ∼51,000 pieces of ice marginal evidence defined by assemblages of landforms. Each ice margin is categorised by the dominant landform type that defines it: moraines <250 m and > 250 m wide, De Geer moraines, hummocky moraines, ice-marginal meltwater channels, or glaciofluvial fans and deltas.</div><div>The distribution of the landform type that defines each ice margin is found to vary across the ice sheet. We investigate these spatial patterns and suggest; i) sediment cover controls the location of ice-margin positions interpreted from meltwater channels; ii) there is a climatic control on the formation of ice-margin positions interpreted from hummocky moraines; iii) moraine size is influenced by the presence or absence of a marine or lake environment at the ice margin. Our ice-margin positions are made available as maps and GIS data and complement the rich record of ice-marginal landforms previously reported in the literature. Importantly, our database provides seamless, internally-consistent maps and data for use with ice sheet modelling investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Red Relief Image Maps as a complementary tool for mapping volcanic areas: The case of the Monte Amiata volcano, Italy 红色浮雕图像地图作为火山区域测绘的补充工具的应用：以意大利阿米亚塔火山为例

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110195

José Pablo Sepúlveda , Simone Paternostro , Lucrezia Valeriani , Giulio Masetti , Alvaro Aravena , Stefano Lo Faro , Letizia Vita , Sandro Conticelli , Raffaello Cioni

{"title":"Application of Red Relief Image Maps as a complementary tool for mapping volcanic areas: The case of the Monte Amiata volcano, Italy","authors":"José Pablo Sepúlveda , Simone Paternostro , Lucrezia Valeriani , Giulio Masetti , Alvaro Aravena , Stefano Lo Faro , Letizia Vita , Sandro Conticelli , Raffaello Cioni","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological mapping provides the basic knowledge for understanding the eruptive and temporal evolution of a volcanic area. Because of their increasing availability and resolution, Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are extensively and fruitfully used in volcanology as an additional tool for recognizing and classifying geomorphological features and assisting field survey and mapping tasks. This study focuses on the application of Red Relied Image Maps (RRIMs), derived from a high-resolution 1 m pixel/resolution DTM and complemented and validated with fieldwork, to identify and outline partially hidden volcanic features at an intensely vegetated volcano. We present here the results of the application of this method at Monte Amiata volcano (southern Tuscany, Italy), an effusive, silicic Middle Pleistocene volcano with a massive hardwood forest cover, whereas we identified elongated and plateau-like lava flows at the base of the volcano and coulees and overlapped rounded domes at the top. In addition, we performed a localized Fourier transform (i.e., S-Transform spectral analysis) for determining the dominant frequencies and identifying repeating patterns of the largest lava flows to quantify their surface folding pattern. These analyses were based on differential openness and RRIMs data at different scales (1, 10, and 100 m) and DTMs resolutions (1 and 10 m). We demonstrate that the extensive use of these mapping tools can represent an effective method for recognizing and interpreting otherwise hidden volcanic structures. We suggest that applying DTM-derived parameters should be considered a necessary step for the precise mapping of remote or heavily vegetated volcanic areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Source-to-sink sediment transport and geomorphic controls along large river systems 大型河流水系的源-库输沙及地貌控制

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110196

Jing Yang , Junsheng Nie , Xiaofei Hu , Haobo Zhang , Wanfeng Chen , Zeng Luo , Hansheng Wang , Taian Chen , Lindani Ncube , Baojin Zhao

{"title":"Source-to-sink sediment transport and geomorphic controls along large river systems","authors":"Jing Yang , Junsheng Nie , Xiaofei Hu , Haobo Zhang , Wanfeng Chen , Zeng Luo , Hansheng Wang , Taian Chen , Lindani Ncube , Baojin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marginal-sea sediments are valuable archives for reconstructing terrestrial landscape evolution and environmental change. However, sediment transport in large river systems is a complex process involving deposition, storage, re-entrainment, and inputs from new sediment sources, resulting in differences in mineralogical, geochemical, and geochronological characteristics between upstream and estuarine sediments. Understanding the source-to-sink pathways of modern river sediments is therefore critical for accurately interpreting terrestrial signals preserved in marginal-sea sediments. In this study, we investigate modern Limpopo River sediments and marginal-sea sediments near its river mouth using a multi-proxy provenance approach that includes Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, heavy-mineral assemblages, and detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology to trace provenance changes from source to sink. Results indicate that the steep middle reaches of the Limpopo River constitute a first-order sediment source for modern marginal-sea sediments. Comparative analysis with the Zambezi River and other major rivers, such as the Mississippi and Mekong, reveals two sediment-routing patterns linked to longitudinal-profile morphology: in rivers with stepped profiles, estuarine sediments largely originate from the steepest reaches nearest to the river mouth, whereas rivers with concave-up longitudinal profiles tend to exhibit direct upstream sediment delivery. These findings underscore the role of longitudinal-profile morphology in controlling sediment transport from source to sink, thus providing new insights into source-to-sink relationships and contributing to the interpretation of landscape evolution and regional climate change in southern Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An abandoned road as a debris trap: Estimating debris-supply rate from steep slopes based on UAV–LiDAR DEMs 作为碎片陷阱的废弃道路：基于无人机-激光雷达dem的陡坡碎片供应率估算

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110193

Shunsuke Harada , Tsuyoshi Hattanji , Takuro Ogura , Yuichi, S. Hayakawa

{"title":"An abandoned road as a debris trap: Estimating debris-supply rate from steep slopes based on UAV–LiDAR DEMs","authors":"Shunsuke Harada , Tsuyoshi Hattanji , Takuro Ogura , Yuichi, S. Hayakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The debris-supply rate is an important factor that controls the frequency of debris flows in steep headwater streams. However, the decadal-scale observation of debris supply has been technically difficult. This study proposes a new method using abandoned roads to estimate debris-supply rate by rockfall into debris-flow prone channels for a decadal timescale. Debris deposits on a road that had been abandoned for 31 years were surveyed using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with light detection and ranging (LiDAR), considering the abandoned road as a trap. The surveyed road is located in a high mountain range in central Japan, where rockfalls and debris flows are active with a high uplift rate of approximately 4 mm/yr. The 4.75-km long abandoned road was divided into 96 road segments, and the debris deposit forms on these segments were classified into several types depending on geomorphic processes and its activity. Debris accumulates rapidly due to rockfalls on road segments with mean slopes of >45° and a contributing area > 2000 m<sup>2</sup>. Debris transport by water flow or debris flow were common at segments with a large contributing area > 26,000 m<sup>2</sup>. The estimated volume of debris supply from slopes to a given source area of debris flow (contributing area of 10,000–20,000 m<sup>2</sup>) is 70–93 m<sup>3</sup>/yr, and this value reveals that runoff-generated debris flows may occur every few decades. Our method using abandoned roads is useful to estimate debris-supply rate by rockfall into debris-flow prone channels for a decadal timescale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial variability of wave signatures and profile morphotypes of beaches in estuaries and bays across different tidal regimes 不同潮汐状态下河口和海湾海滩波浪特征和剖面形态的空间变异

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110208

Md Yousuf Gazi , Ana Paula da Silva , Nicolas Villacieros-Robineau , Thomas E. Fellowes , Tristan Salles , Irene Alejo , Rita González-Villanueva , Ana Vila-Concejo

{"title":"Spatial variability of wave signatures and profile morphotypes of beaches in estuaries and bays across different tidal regimes","authors":"Md Yousuf Gazi , Ana Paula da Silva , Nicolas Villacieros-Robineau , Thomas E. Fellowes , Tristan Salles , Irene Alejo , Rita González-Villanueva , Ana Vila-Concejo","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandy beaches in estuaries and bays (BEBs) are unique geomorphic features on the coasts of many of the world's megacities. They exist under various settings and act as dynamic interfaces that influence hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and shoreline stability. Here, we investigate various beach profiles, wave conditions, tidal regimes, and sediment characteristics across two estuarine settings with different tidal ranges: the mesotidal Ría de Vigo (Galicia, Spain) and the microtidal Pittwater estuary (Sydney, Australia) to understand the morphodynamic process governing changes in BEBs profile shapes. Spectral wave analysis indicates that the differences in estuarine geomorphology, fetch, tidal range, and exposure to offshore swell waves collectively drive the BEB morphodynamics and changes in beach profile shape. Our findings indicate that swell waves provide the dominant energy input in both the microtidal (52%) and mesotidal (90%) estuaries, while the relative contributions of wind and infragravity waves vary depending on bathymetry, fetch length, and geomorphological configurations. Overall, BEBs within the same estuary exhibit distinct wave signatures depending on their location relative to the estuary entrance, tidal regime, and exposure to offshore wave energy. This study shows that BEBs with greater exposure to swell have <em>Convex</em> cross-shore profiles and typically coarser, well-sorted sediments. On the other hand, wave sheltered BEBs typically have <em>Concave</em> profile morphology, fine and poorly sorted sediments. The relationship between wave signatures and BEB profile morphotypes demonstrated in this study enhances our understanding of the morphodynamic processes shaping these complex systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery of a new seamount in the Eastern Arabian Basin: Morphology and tectonic implications from marine geophysical data analysis 阿拉伯盆地东部新海山的发现：海洋地球物理资料分析的形态和构造意义

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110209

M.G. Gilbert, C.M. Bijesh, P. John Kurian

{"title":"Discovery of a new seamount in the Eastern Arabian Basin: Morphology and tectonic implications from marine geophysical data analysis","authors":"M.G. Gilbert, C.M. Bijesh, P. John Kurian","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The opening of the northwestern Indian Ocean initiated during the Late Cretaceous, marked by rifting between India and Madagascar. Subsequently, in the Early Paleocene, the rifting of India from the Seychelles and the arrival of the Réunion plume beneath the Indian lithosphere reorganised the spreading centres, forming the Arabian Basin. The eastern Arabian Basin, which encompasses the Laccadive Plateau and the adjacent Indian continental margin, was profoundly influenced by these geodynamic events, resulting in significant geological imprints, including the emplacement of the Deccan Traps and the development of several bathymetric highs in the offshore region. The present study reports, for the first time, the identification and morphological characterisation of a previously undocumented seamount in the eastern Arabian Basin, located west of the Laccadive Plateau, using high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data. The seamount rises approximately 1460 m above the surrounding seafloor and exhibits a crater-like summit morphology. Residual depth anomaly and isostatic modelling indicate that the feature is situated on relatively flat oceanic crust. The low effective elastic thickness of ∼2 km suggests emplacement on a mechanically weak, young lithosphere formed during seafloor spreading along the Carlsberg Ridge. Additionally, the study delineates the continent-ocean boundary to the east of the seamount and west of the Laccadive Plateau. The geodynamic setting suggests that the seamount emplacement is likely linked to Réunion hotspot activity, or rift-related magma flow in the Arabian Basin, or a combination of both.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 110209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glacial valley erosion controls on subsurface hydrology: Speleogenesis of Stortuvhola cave, sub-Arctic Norway 冰川谷侵蚀对地下水文的控制：挪威亚北极地区Stortuvhola洞穴的洞穴形成

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110191

Christos Pennos , Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund , Magnus Thorvik , Stein-Erik Lauritzen

{"title":"Glacial valley erosion controls on subsurface hydrology: Speleogenesis of Stortuvhola cave, sub-Arctic Norway","authors":"Christos Pennos , Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund , Magnus Thorvik , Stein-Erik Lauritzen","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use Stortuvhola cave, developed in a narrow Caledonian marble band in sub-Arctic Norway, as an archive to study the interplay between glacial and interglacial hydrological regimes. We integrate detailed cave surveying, sedimentological mapping, U-Th dating of a relict flowstone, and high-resolution DTM analysis of the Aspfjordelva basin to reconstruct the cave's evolutionary history and its geomorphic context. Three superposed phreatic levels are identified: (i) a relict, sediment-choked upper tier; (ii) an extensive mid-level effluent maze attributed to ice-contact speleogenesis; and (iii) a lower active network that captured a modern stream. Keyhole canyons incised into the mid- and lower levels indicate two major vadose phases driven by valley deepening. U-Th ages provide a broad minimum age of 318 ka for the onset of vadose conditions in the upper passages although uncertainties remain. Surface analysis reveals numerous knickpoints, and possible remnants of former valley floors, implying a stepwise glacial erosion and southeastward migration of fluvial incision following successive glacial retreats. We propose a conceptual model in which alternating glacial and interglacial conditions progressively lowered the regional water table, re-organized drainage connectivity, and modulated speleogenetic rates. Dolines and collapse chimneys document late glacial to Holocene capture of surface runoff, sustaining the present streamway while leaving the youngest phreatic conduits essentially dry. In combination, cave and surface records capture at least three glacial–fluvial cycles and highlight the primary role of drainage connectivity relative to lithology and fracture density on subsurface hydrology in high-latitude marble karst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"498 ","pages":"Article 110191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bank erosion modeling in the Middle Yangtze River: New dynamic model vs. HEC-RAS 长江中游岸蚀模拟：新动态模型与HEC-RAS

IF 3.1 2区地球科学

Geomorphology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110192

Lizhi Dong , Junqiang Xia , Shanshan Deng , Heng Zhu , Yueyao Zhou

{"title":"Bank erosion modeling in the Middle Yangtze River: New dynamic model vs. HEC-RAS","authors":"Lizhi Dong , Junqiang Xia , Shanshan Deng , Heng Zhu , Yueyao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bank erosion is a critical geomorphic process resulting from the complex interaction between flow-sediment dynamics and riverbed boundaries, posing significant threats to flood control and navigation safety. Accurate prediction of such events remains challenging due to the intricate coupling of river water, groundwater, and soil mechanics. To address this issue, this study improves a one-dimensional (1D) bed deformation and bank erosion model (1DBEM), which couples the modules for flow and sediment transport, bed deformation, bank erosion, and groundwater level calculation. The proposed model was applied to the Middle Yangtze River, and the simulated results were compared with those obtained using HEC-RAS to evaluate performance. The results show that: (i) 1DBEM achieves high accuracy in simulating discharge, water level, and suspended sediment concentration, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.998, 0.995, and 0.850 at the Shashi hydrological station, outperforming the HEC-RAS (0.993, 0.990, and 0.572); (ii) the prediction precision of bank erosion locations reaches 60%, compared with 44% for HEC-RAS; (iii) the root mean square errors between the simulated and measured groundwater levels at the Xiangjiazhou and Beimenkou monitoring wells were 0.36 m and 0.39 m for 1DBEM, outperforming the 1.02 m obtained with HEC-RAS; and (iv) the two models exhibit consistent trends in bank slope stability factors, confirming the rationality of the 1DBEM approach. Overall, the improved model provides an effective tool for assessing bank erosion risk and managing flood safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"498 ","pages":"Article 110192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0