Geomorphology最新文献

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility analysis using machine learning: Insights from the bend Subcarpathians-Carpathians, Romania","authors":"Viorel Ilinca ,&nbsp;Ionuț Șandric ,&nbsp;Ion Gheuca","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study presents a landslide susceptibility map using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) a Machine Learning algorithm. For this purpose, an area of 376 km² was selected in the Bend Subcarpathians and Carpathians (Romania). In this area, 966 landslides were mapped based on high-resolution aerial imagery and field surveys. A database containing geo-factors (lithological units, age of formations, slope, morpho-structural units, and land use) at medium resolution was built in a GIS environment. The results show that lithology and slope are the factors that best correlate with the spatial distribution of landslides. The landslide susceptibility map (probability of landslide occurrence) overlaps very well with the litho-structural units developed from southwest to northeast. The model's performance was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The resulting value of 0.82 indicates a high level of predictive accuracy, comparable to values reported in other studies focused on landslide susceptibility assessment. Based on the results, four susceptibility zones (two high probability, two low probability) have been highlighted according to the litho-structural units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"486 ","pages":"Article 109872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centurial changes in channel processes and their contribution to the sediment budget of a lowland river: The influence of river regulations","authors":"Tímea Kiss ,&nbsp;Marcell Tóth ,&nbsp;Sándor Baranya ,&nbsp;Rajmund Sági ,&nbsp;Gergely T. Török","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tisza River in Central Europe has experienced significant changes in its sediment budget since the mid-19th century due to engineering works. The aim of the research is to reconstruct the sediment budget and to assess the effects of various river training works. The analysis of historical maps and channel cross-sections from 1838, 1890, 1929, 1976, and 2017 revealed that channel mobility was high until the early 20th century, after which it gradually declined to one-tenth of its original rate. Lateral erosion and deposition played a crucial role in sediment flux, contributing up to 38–92 % to the sediment flux in some units. Artificial meander cut-offs mobilised large amounts of sediment from the pilot channels that were mainly deposited downstream. By the early 20th century, the sediment budget had reached a state of quasi-equilibrium. However, the increased construction of revetments in the mid-20th century led to an increase in in-channel sediment deposition. The dam and reservoir constructions of the 1970s transformed the river section into a sediment source. Thus, the sediment budget of the Tisza has had significant spatiotemporal variations from net sediment balance to net deposition and finally to net erosion across the centennial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"486 ","pages":"Article 109873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship-induced morphology along a maritime waterway in a micro-tidal environment","authors":"Knut Krämer,&nbsp;Marius Becker,&nbsp;Christian Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-resolution bathymetry data from Kiel Bight, Western Baltic Sea, Germany, reveals distinct bedforms in water depths between 12 and 19 m, laterally confined to a ca. 3000 m wide band along an 18 km long stretch of a busy maritime waterway. The seabed displays entrenched channels with asymmetric current ripples, migrating dune-like sand bodies and scours and comet marks at boulders. The current direction indicated by these features aligns inversely with the direction of ship traffic on either side of the maritime route. The patterns suggest that the ship-induced flow from passing vessels changes seabed morphology and sedimentology, resulting in a more complex seabed structure than natural forcing allows. The critical shear stresses for mobilization of the sediments and the dimensions of the seabed features agree with empirical estimations of the propeller-induced shear stress footprints on the seafloor. A comparison of a recent survey with data from ten years before shows a cumulative impact on sediment transport. The spatial limitations of the distribution of the indicative features are used to establish thresholds for water depth and route density and used for an extrapolation beyond the observed occurrence to highlight other possible hotspots for this anthropogenic impact on the seafloor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"486 ","pages":"Article 109882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confinement as a key but overlooked factor controlling erosion rate in loess pipes and tunnels","authors":"Jan Vojtíšek,&nbsp;Jiří Bruthans,&nbsp;Tomáš Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 10 % of the Earth's land surface is covered by loess. The ability of loess to maintain vertical cliffs indicates its considerable strength, but at the same time loess is susceptible to rapid erosion. The erosion mechanisms of undisturbed loess in pipes, tunnels, or gullies are poorly understood due to the rapid development of these features during heavy rains. We developed and tested a confinement technique to simulate erosion in the deeper loess profile to explain erosion and stabilization mechanisms in loess pipes, tunnels, and deep gullies. Our loess blocks encased in concrete exhibit erosion rates and progressions similar to those in natural loess under field conditions. This approach thus allows simulation of pipe erosion on decametric blocks in controlled laboratory conditions, providing insights that can be directly applied to understanding erosion mechanisms in the field. The experiments revealed a dual behavior of loess controlled by confinement: unconfined loess blocks disintegrate rapidly by air slaking when exposed to even a small trickle of water, while loess confined by the surrounding soil mass maintains its original structure and resists erosion by flowing water. Thus, confinement serves as an important stabilizing mechanism that significantly increases the erosion resistance of loess by restricting its expansion, a prerequisite for loess disintegration. Pre-existing holes &lt;8 cm in diameter tend to resist expansion, while larger holes or fractures induce roof instability, leading to collapse and rapid expansion. This mechanism explains the frequent development of loess tunnels from animal burrows, along fractures or other inhomogeneities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"486 ","pages":"Article 109874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphic and paleoseismic evidence for active faulting along La Venta Fault, Guerrero, Mexican subduction Forearc","authors":"Krzysztof Gaidzik ,&nbsp;María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera ,&nbsp;Luis A. Dominguez ,&nbsp;Oswaldo Coca ,&nbsp;Steven L. Forman ,&nbsp;Víctor Vargas-Espinosa ,&nbsp;L. Fernanda Arenas","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the potential earthquake activity of unknown active faults is crucial for assessing seismic hazards in subduction forearcs. Despite advancements, our knowledge of earthquakes on crustal faults away from plate boundaries, particularly in forearcs, remains incomplete. This study addresses this gap by utilizing paleoseismic records, conducting a lidar flight to develop a DTM in the highly vegetated mountains, remote and field mapping geomorphological features, performing a geophysical survey including electric resistivity, and excavating a paleoseismic trench, and dating with radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence, along the central section of the La Venta Fault, named Agua del Perro, in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction Forearc. The trench revealed two-three rupturing events over the last 9000 years. The surface expression of this fault is subtle, characterized by a gentle scarp, minor stream offsets, and a shutter ridge. Our data show evidence of surface fault rupturing with lateral displacement of up to ~50 cm per event and vertical displacement of up to 25 cm. The most recent event occurred around the 14th century CE, registering a magnitude of Mw 6.6–6.8. Given the fault's location, our findings suggest a significant seismic risk to local communities along the fault and populations in larger cities like Chilpancingo, Acapulco, and Mexico City. The study also highlights potential damage to infrastructure, such as the La Venta Dam, and associated hazards, including flooding and rock falls. Regardless of the lack of time-limited instrumental seismicity, our results undoubtedly confirm the Holocene activity and seismogenic potential of the Agua del Perro section of the La Venta Fault. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the potential hazard posed by crustal intraplate faults away from plate boundaries in the forearc mountains. Our findings underscore the significance of enhancing instrumental monitoring networks by incorporating remote sensing and field studies. This approach is crucial for identifying and characterizing active faults, especially in challenging environments like the one studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 109869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodological contribution to assess rock landform geomorphosites related with pareidolia: a case study in Northeast Brazil","authors":"Larissa Silva Queiroz ,&nbsp;Marco Túlio Mendonça Diniz ,&nbsp;Jacimária Fonseca de Medeiros ,&nbsp;Paulo Pereira ,&nbsp;Isa Gabriela Delgado de Araújo ,&nbsp;Maria Luiza de Oliveira Terto","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A methodology for the assessment of rock landform geomorphosites was developed and applied to two areas in Northeast Brazil: the Martins-Portalegre Plateaus and the marginal escarpment zone of the Borborema Plateau. The Itaporanga Intrusive Suite plutons occur in these areas, exhibiting distinctive granite landforms, in addition to marble and sandstone outcrops. The methodology is based on an initial selection of rock landforms related to pareidolia and a detailed quantitative assessment that considers scientific, aesthetic and cultural values as central. A set of criteria and indicators were established for each type of value, with 75 % of the maximum score defined as the threshold for the recognition of a geomorphosite. Consequently, 15 of the 19 sites were identified as geomorphosites, thereby demonstrating the significance of aesthetic and cultural attributes as distinctive characteristics of these landforms. By integrating pareidolia and placing equal emphasis on scientific, aesthetic and cultural values, this approach addresses the shortcomings previously identified in the assessment of rock landform geomorphosites. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of history and cultural identity in this type of geomorphological heritage, thereby contributing to geoconservation and geotourism strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 109858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface karst geomorphology in the Jahani salt extrusion, Zagros Mountains, Iran","authors":"Francisco Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Issa Ilyati ,&nbsp;Mehdi Zarei","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work analyses the superlative salt karst developed on Jahani salt extrusion (ca. 70 km², 900 m in local relief). This active diapir is expressed as a salt fountain comprising a summit dome above the feeding vent and laterally spreading salt glaciers (i.e., namakiers) moving at rates of the order of cm/yr. The salt extrusion hosts the first documented and mapped salt karst poljes, developed at the foot of the steep rock salt slopes of the summit dome by differential suballuvial dissolution and expansion by rim dissolution. A cartographic inventory of 6489 sinkholes has allowed to characterise morphometrically the differences between the juvenile and mature sinkhole landscapes developed in the proximal and distal sectors of a namakier, respectively. Sinkholes developed in the recently expelled salt at the proximal sector have an average length four times smaller (23 m versus 83 m) and a density three times higher (600 versus 200 sinkholes/km²), reflecting the variable impact of expansion and coalescence processes. The Firuzabad River has trimmed the northern namakier, generating a 6 km long and &gt; 400 m high salt escarpment, likely the largest on Earth. The dynamics of the escarpment is governed by the antagonistic roles of salt flow and rapid erosion by fluvial undermining, rock falls and dissolutional removal of the rock salt debris, causing severe hydrochemical degradation of the river waters. Exceptional halite rimstones occur in a marginal stream largely fed by permanent brine springs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 109859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal geomorphological evolution and driving factors of a transgressive dunefield, Qinghai Lake, northeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Haokun Mo,&nbsp;Guangyin Hu,&nbsp;Linhai Yang,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Hu,&nbsp;Huicong Meng,&nbsp;Na Gao,&nbsp;Zhibao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the evolution and driving factors of the transgressive dunefield on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake. Image analysis showed that the transgressive dunefield had continuously moved inland from the lakeshore and experienced three major stages between 1970 and 2020: Stage 1 (1970–1996), the dunefield moved slowly (1.40 m/yr); Stage 2 (1996–2013), the dunefield moved rapidly (15.66 m/yr); and Stage 3 (2013−2020), the movement of the dunefield slowed down (7.70 m/yr). The grain size characteristics of the surface sediments indicated that material from the lakeshore was transported inland, undergoing continuous sorting and transformation by the wind. By combining the ERA5-Land dataset and meteorological data to assess the environmental changes, it was found that the correlation between the wind and the changes in dunefield movement speed was weak, as the wind speed progressively weakened throughout the study period. However, the deceleration or acceleration of the dunefield movement often corresponded to the advance or retreat of the shoreline as the lake level rose or fell. This was because the change of the lake level and shoreline indirectly affected the movement speed by regulating the sand supply. Furthermore, the lake level and shoreline change in Qinghai Lake were still primarily controlled by climate change. In general, this study offers a valuable example of transgressive dunefield development along the lakeshore and traces its evolution over the past 50 years by multi-source image data. The results suggest that transgressive dune sheets or dune fields can evolve directly from the lakeshore. It also indicates that transgressive dunefields are initiated as a response to the water level fall in cold and arid environments with abundant sand supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 109860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics and timing of multiphase major landslides along the Blue Ridge Escarpment of the southern Appalachians revealed by combined cosmogenic nuclide dating and Schmidt hammer rebound measurements","authors":"Daria Khashchevskaya ,&nbsp;Lewis A. Owen ,&nbsp;Karl Wegmann ,&nbsp;Corey Scheip ,&nbsp;Paula M. Figueiredo","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Blue Ridge Escarpment (BRE) in the southern Appalachians of the USA is one of Earth's great passive margin escarpments. The escarpment is characterized by steep slopes and high relief separating the eastern USA's Piedmont and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces. Major rock avalanches, rockslides, and debris slides have led to impressive mass movement deposits along the escarpment's base, including boulders up to ~20 m in diameter. The characteristics and timing of the formation of these landslides have not been previously determined. A combination of mapping landslides and ¹⁰Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of landslide boulders within the Pacolet River and Hickory Nut Gorge regions along the southern Blue Ridge Escarpment (BRE) in North Carolina provides insights into their emplacement processes and timing, ranging from 4.7 ± 0.5 to 89 ± 2.2 ka. Schmidt hammer sampling was used to identify the difference in boulder weathering as a function of the boulders' strength, as measured by their rebound values (R-values). The spatial distribution of R-values was used to detect rockfall clusters within individual deposits, revealing their episodic nature of accumulation. A weak correlation between age and elevation of the boulders further suggests that numerous catastrophic events occurred at intervals of thousands of years, at ~4.7–10.2, 19.2, 35.9–39.4, 64.2–68.8, and 83.7–89.0 ka. The development of Schmidt hammer calibration curves for quantitative dating was inhibited by the weak correlation between exposure ages and R-values, possibly due to variability in gneiss composition. Several mechanisms, such as periglacial conditions with alpine permafrost (including freeze-thaw effects and frost cracking), rainfall, or earthquakes, may have triggered mass-movement activity during the Late Quaternary. Understanding the timing and nature of these geomorphic processes enables the estimation of landscape development in passive margin escarpments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 109857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and regional differences of carbonate dissolution in China: Insights from carbonate rock tablet experiments","authors":"Guozhi Peng,&nbsp;Shengxin Peng,&nbsp;Yaru Jiang,&nbsp;Xinlu Su,&nbsp;Wenqing Feng,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Xinyu Kang,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Junbing Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbonate dissolution rate is a key parameter for evaluating the formation of karst features, the processes of carbon cycle, and the protection of the karst environment. Existing studies have mostly focused on a specific experimental area and a single influencing factor, lacking in-depth exploration of the combined effects of multiple factors. In this study, carbonate dissolution rates in typical karst areas in China based on the carbonate rock tablet method were systematically collected, and the main influencing factors and spatiotemporal distribution were analyzed. The results showed that precipitation was a key factor affecting dissolution and was significantly positively correlated with dissolution rate. Dissolution was significantly higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. The incremental rate of dissolution rates with annual rainfall increases in the air, on the ground, and in the soil at depths of 20 cm and 50 cm are 0.09, 0.14, 0.38 and 0.48 mg/ (cm²·a·100 mm), respectively, due to the significant positive relationship between dissolution rate and rainfall. Temperature has a promoting effect on subsurface dissolution but has no significant correlation with the surface dissolution rate. The CaO/MgO ratio and grain size of the carbonate rock also affect the dissolution rate. Vegetation type and soil environment factors also have significant effects on the dissolution rate. The interaction of various factors resulted in significant seasonal and regional differences in the carbonate dissolution rate. This study extends the spatial scale from typical monitoring sites to the whole of China, which provides an important basis for an in-depth understanding of the influencing factors and spatial and temporal distribution of the carbonate dissolution rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"486 ","pages":"Article 109856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}