Geomorphology最新文献

{"title":"Denudation asymmetries and drainage divide migration: Insights into the evolution of the Devonian Escarpment in Paraná, Brazil","authors":"Willian Bortolini ,&nbsp;Lionel L. Siame ,&nbsp;Claudinei Taborda da Silveira ,&nbsp;Laëtitia Leanni ,&nbsp;Leonardo José Cordeiro Santos ,&nbsp;ASTER Team","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of passive margin escarpments is governed by the interplay of erosion, drainage divide migration, and landscape development. This study examines the Devonian Escarpment and Paranapiacaba Range in Paraná, Brazil, using geomorphic indices, morphometric analyses, and cosmogenic nuclides (¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al) to elucidate these processes. Maximum denudation rates range from 4.3 ± 0.4 to 18.3 ± 1.4 m Myr⁻¹, with the highest values in the Upper Ribeira Valley (weighted mean: 10.0 ± 0.3 m Myr⁻¹) and the lowest on the reverse side of the Escarpment Plateau (weighted mean: 5.8 ± 0.2 m Myr⁻¹). Apparent burial durations vary from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.8 Myr, with significant Al-Be depletion (up to 69 %) observed across most watersheds, reflecting complex sediment exposure and storage histories. Divide migration rates are lower than 335 ± 58 m Myr⁻¹, indicating active basin reorganization driven by lithological, structural, and climatic controls. These findings provide a quantitative framework for understanding long-term landscape evolution and passive margin escarpment dynamics in tropical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 109813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unvegetated rivers no longer exist: Plant-landscape interactions in the Mojave and Amargosa rivers, SW USA","authors":"Hamilton A. Allport,&nbsp;Neil S. Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation is a key influence on fluvial processes, but isolating its impacts is challenging when it is one amongst many potential controls. Accordingly, there is geomorphological and sedimentological interest in understanding unvegetated rivers, which allow for the investigation of fluvial systems in isolation from the biogeomorphic controls imposed by plants. Previous studies have assessed unvegetated rivers in two ways: 1) by interpreting alluvial signatures in the ancient sedimentary rock record that pre-date the evolution of land plants; and 2) through geomorphic observations of “unvegetated” modern rivers, where plant coverage is limited or absent at the reach scale. Archetypal “unvegetated” reaches have previously been reported from the catchments of the Amargosa and Mojave rivers in the Great Basin, USA. However, the present study demonstrates that such reaches cannot be considered truly unvegetated, through the combined application of original geomorphic observations and published historical data that reveal a fundamental influence of vegetation at multiple time and length scales. This study catalogs in situ plants, wood matter, and biogeomorphic structures in reaches previously described as “unvegetated”, both before and after flood events, and finds that the abundance of organic matter jams and biogeomorphic structures are comparable to those recorded in other dryland systems. Further, some of the biogeomorphic structures are shown to influence reach-scale morphology by affecting parameters such as floodplain strength and aggradation. These observations are supplemented with those of upstream biogeomorphic structures to account for the role of vegetation in controlling downstream sediment transmission. Combining these observations with evidence of inherited vegetation influences from the recent and deep time, we conclude that neither river adequately reflects unvegetated conditions and should not be considered as such. This conclusion can be generalized to other purported modern “unvegetated” rivers, which are likely subject to the biogeomorphic influences of vegetation 1) at the reach scale, 2) imported from upstream catchment areas, and 3) inherited as landscape memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 109823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cave sediment chronology and erosion rates in the São Desidério karst reveal a million-year-scale landscape evolution of the Central Brazilian Plateau","authors":"L. Padoan ,&nbsp;I. Karmann ,&nbsp;D. Granger ,&nbsp;F.V. Laureano ,&nbsp;R. Paes de Almeida ,&nbsp;F.W. Cruz Jr ,&nbsp;A.O. Sawakuchi ,&nbsp;E.S. Fonseca Jr ,&nbsp;A.B. Meza ,&nbsp;J.D.F. Gallas","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In central Brazil, regional-scale plateaus and ridges have developed during the Cenozoic in cratonic terrains, after the continental breakup of Pangea. The timing and mechanisms associated with the uplift of such landscape features are poorly understood due to the scarcity of data concerning crustal dynamics and erosion rates. This study used limestone caves containing a rich sedimentary record to obtain new erosion and fluvial incision rate data from the last 3 Ma in the Central Brazilian Plateau. The combination of different geochronological methods (cosmogenic ²⁶Al and ¹⁰Be, OSL, and U<img>Th series), cave passage leveling, and geophysical soundings allowed for the reconstruction of the valley incision history of the São Desidério River since the Late Pliocene. Knickpoint migration rates in the limestone towards the sandstone contact varied from 3782 ± 984 and 1122 ± 198 m/Ma in the São Desidério River and a major tributary. An expressive base level drop of 30–50 m has occurred between 1 and 2 Ma from present and is evidenced by distinct cave levels and the entrenchment of vadose canyons. The average fluvial incision rate in the limestone was determined as 52.5 ± 13.0 m/Ma. The average fluvial incision rate associated with the removal of sediment infill from the conduits was determined as 657.0 ± 31.0 m/Ma. The average erosion rate in the plateau's sandstone-covered catchment areas was 17.1 ± 1.4 m/Ma. Knickpoint retreat and valley incision rates suggest that the onset of the limestone exposure and prominent karst landscape development occurred during the Late Pliocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 109820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submarine canyon morphology and evolution along the Western and Southern margins of Sardinia","authors":"Maria Cristina Caradonna ,&nbsp;Veronica Frisicchio ,&nbsp;Anna Del Ben ,&nbsp;Riccardo Geletti","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent high-resolution and older medium-resolution seismic profiles, together with bathymetric data, have been integrated for a detailed investigation of the western and southern Sardinian margins. This study analyzes the trigger mechanism, morphologies, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of submarine canyon systems. The origin of these canyons is primarily influenced by the interplay between slope gradient, crustal vertical movements and sea-level changes, which destabilize the slopes and trigger retrogressive erosion. The canyon evolution, instead, is determined by the interaction between erosive processes, gravitational mass movements and bottom currents. Their path and sinuosity are influenced by the large amount of magmatic structures present on the western margin and by the structural highs on the southern margin. We classify the submarine canyons of Western and Southern Sardinia as type 2, i.e. they cut the shelf edge without connecting to large fluvial systems. Indeed, Sardinian canyons are primarily shaped not by major river systems, but by mass flow events and bottom currents, which act as primary mechanisms of sediment transport and incision. Ultimately, we conclude that the origin of the canyons is post-Messinian, resulting from more recent glacio-eustatic variations that occurred during the Quaternary, thus challenging earlier hypotheses that associated their formation with the Messinian Salinity Crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 109821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cirque morphometry of Rila and Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)","authors":"Tamás Telbisz ,&nbsp;Márton Krasznai ,&nbsp;Emil Gachev ,&nbsp;Alexander Gikov ,&nbsp;Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a morphometric analysis of cirques based on digital terrain models in the Rila and Pirin Mountains of Bulgaria, addressing a research gap for the northeastern Balkan Peninsula. Cirques, key indicators of past glaciation, vary widely in shape and size, influenced by bedrock, topography and (paleo)climate. Beside classical cirque characteristics this study utilises additional morphometric parameters, including cirque volume, depth and a simple slope-based categorization. The analysis focuses on comparing the two mountains, which share similar elevations but differ in geology and ridge orientations. Results indicate that cirque size parameters follow a lognormal distribution. Further on, morphological differences between the cirques of the two ranges are explored, with the Rila cirques generally being shallower and less developed, likely due to the presence of extensive planation surfaces. In contrast, the Pirin cirques, particularly those formed on marble bedrock, are more incised. The aspect distribution of cirques shows a clear concentration, in the case of Pirin towards the NE, in the case of Rila towards the N, which can be attributed to the NW-SE and W-E strike of the main ridges in the two ranges, respectively. The cirque floor elevation of the Rila and Pirin cirques is among the highest in the Balkans. The research suggests that cirque development in this region was influenced by a combination of continental climate, limited precipitation, and prevailing westerly winds that influenced snow accumulation. The findings contribute to the understanding of glaciation dynamics in the Balkans, emphasizing the role of pre-existing topography and climatic conditions in shaping glacial landforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 109819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile Integral: A robust and flexible metric to measure the concavity/convexity of a topographic profile","authors":"Yingkui Li ,&nbsp;Ian S. Evans ,&nbsp;Jon Harbor","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In geomorphology, topographic profile shapes are used to analyze landform characteristics, interpret erosional and depositional processes, and understand the evolution of landscapes over time. To more consistently measure the shape of topographic profiles in two dimensions (height vs. distance), we provide a new metric based on integrating the area under the profile. The metric is applicable to any cross-valley profile, slope profile, long profile, or arbitrary profile. By analogy with the Hypsometric Integral, we name this metric as Profile Integral (PI). It is a standardized value between 0 and 1, with 0.5 representing either a straight-line long profile or a V-shaped cross-profile, and values of &gt;0.5 for convex profiles and &lt; 0.5 for concave profiles. We develop a toolbox to assist in determining the PI and for comparison with other measures of profile shape, including the V-index, the VDWR, the k-curve, the power curve, and the quadratic polynomial. Our toolbox provides tools to delineate smoothed streamlines (thalwegs), generate a series of cross-profiles along streamlines, and derive the PI and a set of other metrics for both cross-valley and long profiles. We illustrate the toolbox with examples for an area in the Tian Shan, China, and another in Iceland, including situations where some cross profiles should be manually deleted. In both areas, PI provides a good measure of the degree of glacial modification of valleys, with expected down-valley variations. PI has strong correlations with most metrics that measure profile concavity based on a single parameter, while its correlations with metrics derived from those curve-fitting models that define profile shape with multiple parameters are relatively low. The advantages of the PI are (1) its low-skewed distribution and flexibility in providing a metric with similar interpretations for long profiles, slope profiles and valley cross-profiles and (2) its applicability to asymmetric cross-profiles in full, including those close to the confluence of tributary valleys (asymmetric cross-profiles, reaching different heights on each side, are common yet are excluded from most analyses of valleys and troughs). We, therefore, propose PI as the preferred and unified index for measuring the concavity/convexity of any topographic profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"482 ","pages":"Article 109817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From hypogenic to biogenic speleogenesis in semi-arid climate: Bat guano-driven carbonate weathering and cave modification in Chariton Cave, Israel","authors":"Boaz Langford ,&nbsp;Anton Vaks ,&nbsp;Ilya Kutuzov ,&nbsp;Jonathan Keinan ,&nbsp;Tzahi Golan ,&nbsp;Tami Zilberman ,&nbsp;Gal Yasur ,&nbsp;Navot Morag ,&nbsp;Yael Ebert ,&nbsp;Omri Gaster ,&nbsp;Raz Ben-Yair ,&nbsp;Micka Ullman ,&nbsp;Amos Frumkin","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guano-related weathering in caves received notable attention in several studies over the last decades. This study investigates the influence of bat guano on the development of Chariton Cave, the largest known hypogenic cave in Israel. We examine the cave morphology, sediments, and moisture sources to understand post-speleogenetic processes in a vadose environment. Apatite deposits along cave passages with keyhole cross-sections suggest secondary enlargement by guano-induced weathering. Estimation of the guano-related weathering suggests it accounts for at least 30 % of the entire cave volume. This significant weathering occurs in semi-arid conditions, with limited infiltration of meteoric water from the surface. However, condensation-evaporation cycles within the cave provide the moisture required for weathering associated with guano. U<img>Pb dating of calcite, which was deposited on secondary apatite, indicates bat activity in the cave since at least 5.19 ± 0.85 Ma. This age enables calculation of maximum guano-related weathering rate of ~0.05 to ~0.07 mm/ka and maximum incision rate in Chariton canyon of 19.2 mm/ky. Furthermore, ¹⁴C dating of guano shows bat activity and guano accumulation 3360–3620 years ago, which continues to the present. This research highlights the importance of biogenic processes in reshaping hypogenic caves after their disconnection from formative environments, contributing to our understanding of karst evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 109815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of glacier surges in the Central Himalayas uncovered using remote sensing and glacier modelling","authors":"Yongpeng Gao ,&nbsp;Jinliang Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyin Liu ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Qi ,&nbsp;Pengbin Liang ,&nbsp;Jianxin Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glacier surges are a primary trigger for various glacial hazards, including ice avalanches, glacier collapses, and glacial lake outburst floods. This study systematically examines the characteristics and subglacial processes of an unnamed glacier in the central Himalayas, leveraging high temporal resolution remote sensing data and glacier modelling. We identify a surge event that began in 2019 and persisted for less than eight month, marked by rapid acceleration and deceleration phases. During the surge, &gt;0.23 km³ of ice was transferred from higher to lower elevations, resulting in a thickness increase exceeding 70 m at the glacier terminus and an advance of over 800 m. This was accompanied by extensive crevasse formation across a larger surface area compared to pre-surge conditions. Our analysis quantitatively characterizes changes in basal stresses, strain rates, and sliding velocities, revealing that the surge was predominantly driven by subglacial sliding facilitated by surface meltwater infiltration. Regional climate fluctuations acted as external drivers, disrupting the glacier's dynamic equilibrium and triggering the surge, which was governed by a hydrological switch mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"482 ","pages":"Article 109816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of anthropogenesis on Appalachian flood severity: An eastern Kentucky case study","authors":"Meredith L. Swallom ,&nbsp;Jason M. Dortch ,&nbsp;J. Ryan Thigpen","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flooding represents the complex interplay between drainage morphology, landscape hydrology, and precipitation. Precipitation patterns are influenced by interactions between atmospheric moisture circulation and topography, making steep Appalachian terrain vulnerable to extreme storms. Human activity alters surface hydrology and can exacerbate flooding of low-elevation areas where populations are densest. Mountaintop removal is a notable landscape change, but floodplains are also affected by construction of roads and other critical infrastructure and access limitations are addressed by reengineering river channels and building bridges. Though all of these may contribute to flooding, their relative importance remains equivocal. A July 2022 flood in eastern Kentucky provided the opportunity to validate a flood model incorporating major alterations to the landscape, then to iteratively test to determine which, if any, worsened flooding. While bridges, roads, and buildings had only minor effects on flooding despite their proximity to main channels and floodplains, discharge, flood height, and volume results were sensitive to channel narrowing and increased surface runoff facilitated by mountaintop removal sites. Lowering channel capacity decreases discharge and increases flood heights more than mountaintop removal, but mountaintop removal sites result in higher total discharge and operate as the primary contributor to flood volumes in the upper and lowermost portions of the watershed, highlighting a hydrologic sensitivity of the catchment to land use changes. Findings of this study serve to identify human-controlled factors most likely to contribute to future flooding and may thus inform mitigation efforts in eastern Kentucky and similar Appalachian catchments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"482 ","pages":"Article 109818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating cost-effective single-beam survey configurations for accurate river bathymetry construction","authors":"Chung-Yuan Liang ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Merwade ,&nbsp;Sayan Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>River bathymetry is needed to accurately simulate river hydrodynamics. River bathymetric data are typically collected through boat-mounted single- or multi-beam echosounder surveys. Detailed bathymetric data from multibeam surveys may exceed the requirements of standard river hydraulic models (1D and 2D). Compared to data-intensive but expensive multibeam surveys, single-beam surveys are cost-effective. Single-beam surveys can sufficiently inform river simulations when coupled with specific preprocessing and interpolation techniques. This study contrasts two survey patterns, including the commonly used but under-studied zigzag surveys, against the traditional cross-sectional surveys. Linear and anisotropic Kriging interpolations, two widely used methods, are applied to construct bathymetry mesh from different survey configurations. Results from this study highlight efficient survey configurations for both cross-sectional and zigzag patterns, balancing accuracy and cost. Notably, zigzag surveys approach the efficacy of cross-sectional surveys when spaced below a certain threshold, but Kriging interpolation shows diminished performance with sparse zigzag surveys. The findings from this study bridge gaps in previous research by offering nuanced comparisons between survey configurations and interpolations. This study offers a comparative analysis to guide more effective planning and utilization of single-beam surveys, without advocating for specific survey patterns or interpolation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"482 ","pages":"Article 109803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}