Geomorphology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling gully erosion susceptibility: A semi-quantitative modeling approach integrated with field data in contrasting landscapes and climate regions","authors":"Mulatu Liyew Berihun ,&nbsp;Atsushi Tsunekawa ,&nbsp;Nigussie Haregeweyn ,&nbsp;Haimanote Kebede Bayabil ,&nbsp;Ayele Almaw Fenta ,&nbsp;Taye Minichil Meshesha ,&nbsp;Samuel Berihun Kassa ,&nbsp;Belay Birhanu Bizuneh ,&nbsp;Yoseph Buta Hailu ,&nbsp;Matthias Vanmaercke","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the challenge of mapping gully erosion susceptibility, which is often hindered by limited observed data, the complexity of controlling factors, and the uncertainties associated with characterizing these factors. We utilized a semi-quantitative modeling approach that integrates field-based data and ten controlling factors in the Chemoga watershed of Ethiopia's Upper Blue Nile basin. The resulting gully erosion susceptibility map was compared with a random forest-based approach to assess the methodological applicability. Additionally, an independent dataset from adjacent watersheds was used to validate the approach. The findings revealed that certain landscape positions with specific elevation ranges and slope steepness were more susceptible to gully erosion due to factors such as rainfall, lithological formations, soil characteristics, and agricultural activities. Approximately 10 % of the watershed area was affected by gully erosion, with varying susceptibility levels. The comparison between the semi-quantitative and random forest approaches demonstrates a total agreement of around 58 %, with minimal differences in susceptibility classes. The study also highlights a strong agreement between simulated and observed susceptibility maps, with a 76 % PBIAS (Percent Bias) value for the simulation and a lower 48 % agreement for the random forest approach. Furthermore, in the adjacent watershed, 65 % of the area exhibits no discrepancies between observed and simulated maps. This suggests that the semi-quantitative approach is effective in extrapolating gully erosion susceptibility when detailed data is limited, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution. The study emphasizes the utility of the semi-quantitative modeling approach in mapping gully erosion susceptibility and its potential for practical applications in land management and intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 109485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meteorological factors control debris slides and debris flows in a high-Arctic glacier basin (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard)","authors":"Erik Kuschel ,&nbsp;Florian Tolle ,&nbsp;Vinzent Klaus ,&nbsp;Ursula Laa ,&nbsp;Alexander Prokop ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Friedt ,&nbsp;Eric Bernard ,&nbsp;Christian Zangerl","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslide processes are one of the dominant agents of erosion and sediment transport on sediment-mantled slopes in arctic environments. Increased landslide activity is anticipated as climate change is projected to decrease mountain slope stability. High-Arctic environments, such as Svalbard, serve as crucial observatories for investigating current and future slope dynamics within a changing climate, particularly due to arctic amplification effects. Despite the significance of Arctic regions, empirical evidence in high latitudes is often lacking. This scarcity can be attributed to the absence of long-term, high-resolution terrain data with sufficient temporal resolution to assess the impact of meteorological boundary conditions on landscapes altered by climate change. However, addressing this gap in empirical evidence is essential for understanding the complex interplay between meteorological variables and debris slide and debris flow evolution in Arctic environments. This study presents a unique high-resolution remote sensing dataset within a high-Arctic glacier basin acquired over a 10-year period. Through the combination of terrestrial laser-scanning and an autonomous camera network, we were able to investigate the impact of meteorological boundary conditions on the trigger mechanisms of translational debris slides and debris flows and unravel paraglacial slope evolution following recent glacier retreat on the example of the Austre Lovénbreen glacier basin (Svalbard, Norway). Translational debris slides accounted for approximately 96 % (<em>N</em> = 147) of the total sediment flux observed, with debris flows (<em>N</em> = 21) acting as a secondary agent of sediment transport. The debris slide activity significantly increased between 2011 and 2021. Heavy rainfall events primarily influence the frequency and magnitude of debris slides during the hydrological summer, while the duration and intensity of the thawing period serve as the principal control for their initiation. Furthermore, a 2-year recurrence period for major debris flows (≥ 400 m³) was found, which is about 2.5 to 5 times shorter than previous estimates for the last few decades on Svalbard. In conclusion, this study highlights the impact of meteorological factors on debris slide frequency and magnitude within high-Arctic glacier basins, shedding light on the dynamics of paraglacial slope modification in Arctic environments affected by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 109492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controls on coastal bluff erosion of a drowned drumlin field: Boston Harbor, Massachusetts","authors":"Sarah K. Black,&nbsp;Zoe J. Hughes,&nbsp;Duncan M. FitzGerald","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eroding coastal bluffs pose significant risks to coastal communities, and an improved understanding of their erosional processes and mechanisms is essential for developing effective management strategies. The Boston Harbor Islands comprise more than two dozen drowned drumlins that were formed during the late-Pleistocene, many of which are now connected by spits. Exposed bluffs on the islands experience erosion due to waves and precipitation and are increasingly threatened by accelerating sea-level rise (SLR). Retreat rates for 31 bluffs along the drumlin shore, derived from orthoimagery (1995–2021) using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System add-in for ArcMap 10.8, range from 0.0 m/yr to 1.5 m/yr. These rates were examined in relation to several factors, including shoreline orientation, significant wave height during extratropical storms, till matrix composition, base elevation, bluff height, and presence of engineering structures. Clusters of bluffs with similar characteristics were identified, suggesting that high retreat rates coincide with bluffs that experience high wave energy, face the northeast and have high sand-to-mud ratios. The complexity of the Boston Harbor drumlin field and the variability of individual factors controlling erosion highlights the impracticality of developing a universal statistical model for predicting erosion rates. Rather a more suitable approach involves assessing trends among clusters of bluffs with similar characteristics. A similar approach can be taken for exploring the variability in retreat rates along other coastlines with complex or irregular bluff systems and wave fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 109490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The timing of large drainage rearrangement in South America: A study based on morphological and ecological evidence","authors":"Fernanda Apericida da Silva Cassemiro PhD ,&nbsp;André Augusto Rodrigues Salgado PhD (Professor) ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Wagner Paixão PhD ,&nbsp;Éric Andrade Rezende PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to characterize and determine the timing of a major drainage rearrangement between two vast river basins, each exceeding 600,000 km²: the Paraná and São Francisco basins in South America. We used geomorphological analyses and the computational Black Top Hat (BTH) method to identify river captures. By using freshwater fish distribution and evolution data, we performer biogeographical analyses to assess the fish dispersal patterns. Our results show that in the past the upper Paraná River (known locally as the Grande River) once flowed into what is now the São Francisco River Basin. Biogeographical analysis corroborates this past connection between Grande and São Fracisco rivers This analysis reveals also that between 6 and 5 and 2 million years ago, a significant drainage rearrangement occurred, when the Paraná River Basin captured the Grande River and its tributary (the Sapucaí River). In this process the São Francisco Basin losing 50,000 km² of its area to the Paraná River Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 109457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of a glacial lake with abruptly slowing expansion, Jiongpu, Southeastern Tibet","authors":"Taixin Peng ,&nbsp;Ningsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Shiva P. Pudasaini ,&nbsp;Martin Mergili ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Donghui Shangguan","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of potentially hazardous glacial lakes is a symptom of global warming during this interglacial period. A pertinent example is the Jiongpu glacial lake in southeastern Tibet, the area of which has expanded approximately fivefold in the last half-century. However, recently, the glacier tongue has retreated to a high steep slope, and the rate of retreat of the glacier and expansion of the lake have temporarily slowed. The risk of a glacier tongue landslide after glacier detachment and subsequent glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) needs to be assessed. In this study, we employed a combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), sonar, geological radar, remote sensing, field investigation, sampling, drilling, and dating techniques to determine the critical parameters of potential GLOFs, including glacier tongue geometry, lake bathymetry, and moraine dam geometry and composition. Utilizing empirical models and multiphase flow models, we identified the most hazardous triggers and simulated the processes of a glacier tongue landslide into the lake, moraine dam overtopping by a displacement wave, and subsequent flood evolution. The results showed that the most hazardous trigger in volume is a glacier tongue landslide, accounting for 58.29 % of all triggers associated with potential GLOFs. Lapped by the largest glacier tongue landslide impulse wave, the moraine dam would not fail because the minimum safety factor is approximately 1.66 ± 0.7 according to empirical methods and geological slope simulation. However, overtopping would occur, resulting in a peak discharge of approximately 9740 ± 4137 m³/s at the moraine dam based on r.avaflow calculations. The flood would reach the densely populated Jinling township and inundate approximately 46 ± 4.55 % of the houses according to HEC-RAS. Reducing the water level of the glacial lake represents an effective strategy for mitigating potential losses. This concise, physics-based method effectively assesses GLOF triggers and processes and can be applied to risk assessments of other expanding glacial lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 109471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale-dependent interactions in coastal biogeomorphic landscapes: Pioneer both inhibits and facilitates primary foredune builder across spatial scales","authors":"Carlijn Lammers ,&nbsp;Valérie C. Reijers ,&nbsp;Tjisse van der Heide","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem engineers often drive landscape formation and vegetation succession by modifying environmental conditions. Along the Northwestern European coast, dune formation is classically believed to be pioneered by sand couch (<em>Elytrigia juncea</em>), followed by the primary foredune builder marram grass (<em>Calamagrostis arenaria</em>, formerly <em>Ammophila arenaria</em>) once sufficiently large dunes have formed. However, these ideas lack experimental validation, leaving the specific relationship between sand couch, the landscape they form, and marram grass establishment unknown. Here, we experimentally investigated this relationship by planting 975 young marram grass plants in two sand couch dominated, embryonic dune systems. Using structural equation models, we examined the effect of sand couch and the landscape attributes (i.e., elevation, distance to sea and elevation change) on marram grass establishment. Results reveal indirect local inhibition by sand couch via landscape modifications on survival of establishing marram grass. Specifically, sand couch elevated the environment. In turn, elevated areas eroded (i.e., changed in elevation) more in winter, which was the key factor reducing marram grass survival. At the landscape scale, however, we observed the highest survival in relatively stable and sheltered microsites formed because of sand couch induced dune building. While the indirect local inhibition by sand couch for marram grass survival was found at both locations, the direct effect of sand couch on marram grass survival and shoot formation were location and thus context dependent. For marram grass survival, the relation with sand couch was neutral in exposed and positive in sheltered conditions and for shoot formation it was negative in exposed and neutral in sheltered conditions. Similar to scale-dependent interactions found in other biogeomorphic landscapes (e.g., salt marshes, seagrass, mussel beds), we suggest that interspecific facilitation acts on larger spatial scales rather than the commonly suggested small-scale facilitation through created elevation. More specifically, we suggest that dune formation by pioneer species leads to the creation of stable and sheltered microsites beneficial for establishment of later successional species at the landscape-scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 109486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of glacial cirques and former glaciers in the Geyik Mountains, Western Taurus, Türkiye","authors":"Zeynel Çılğın ,&nbsp;Ian S. Evans ,&nbsp;Ferhat Keserci ,&nbsp;Ergin Canpolat ,&nbsp;Cihan Bayrakdar","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the Glacier reconstruction (GlaRe) toolbox, reconstructions of former glaciers in the Geyik Mountains, part of the Taurus Mountain system in southern Türkiye, show that an area of 132.5 km² was glaciated in the last major glaciation, which left clear terminal and hummocky moraines. Glaciers were 1.4 to 12 km long and those from 49 cirques merged to form a broad 75 km² piedmont glacier in the Namaras Valley, up to 400 m thick. A thorough analysis of morphometry of the 98 Geyik cirques, using the revised Automated Cirque Metric Extraction version 2 (ACME2) toolbox, shows that they are relatively small, with limited widths: the median length/width ratio of 1.29 is unusually high. With size, length and width increase faster than depth, demonstrating strong static allometry. Maximum slope averages 59°, minimum 3.3° and axial 25°. A combination of low hypsometric integral, high axial profile closure and high axial height-length integral is proposed as a measure of cirque development.</div><div>The main summits are on sharp ridges on cirque crests, showing that they have been lowered by glacial erosion (by cirque development). Glaciation was strongly asymmetric, with cirque vector mean aspect between northeast and north-northeast. This shows the dominance of solar radiation effects, with some modification from westerly winds. Glacier palaeo- Equilibrium Line Altitudes (pELAs) rise northeastwards and cirque floor minimum altitudes (CFAs) rise toward east-northeast, both showing the importance of moist air from the Mediterranean, 38–55 km to the southwest. pELA averages 2208 m above sea level (a.s.l.) (2277 m area-weighted); CFA averages 2234 m. CFA varies mainly with summit altitudes; where related palaeoglaciers are short CFA is somewhat below pELA, but for longer ones it is above. The most likely palaeoclimate to form these glaciers involves a precipitation increase of 53–72 % with a temperature fall of 8 °C compared with present-day. The cirques formed under similar or less severe conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 109474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the effect of two-direction seasonal flows on barchans and the origin of occluded dunes","authors":"Willian R. Assis ,&nbsp;Danilo S. Borges ,&nbsp;Erick M. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We inquire into the morphodynamics of barchans under seasonal flows. For that, we carried out grain-scale numerical computations of a subaqueous barchan exposed to two-directional flows, and we varied the angle and frequency of oscillations. We show that when the frequency is lower than the inverse of the characteristic time for barchan formation, the dune adapts to the new flow direction and recovers the barchan shape while losing less grains than under one-directional flow. For higher frequencies, the dune has not enough time for adaptation and becomes more round while losing more grains. For both cases, we show, for the first time, the typical dynamics of grains (trajectories and forces). In particular, the round barchans are similar to the so-called occluded dunes observed on Mars, where seasons have very high frequencies compared to the dune timescale, different from Earth. Our results represent a possible explanation for that shape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 109488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventory of active rock glaciers and their distribution characteristics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent mountainous regions","authors":"Nuocheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhanju Lin ,&nbsp;Huini Wang ,&nbsp;Fujun Niu ,&nbsp;Xingwen Fan ,&nbsp;Jing Luo ,&nbsp;Wenjiao Li ,&nbsp;Xuyang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global climate change, glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and its adjacent mountainous regions are retreating rapidly, leading to an increase in active rock glaciers (ARGs) in front of glaciers. As crucial components of water resources in alpine regions and indicators of permafrost boundaries, ARGs reflect climatic and environmental changes on the QTP and its adjacent mountainous regions. However, the extensive scale of rock glacier development poses a challenge to field investigations and sampling, and manual visual interpretation requires substantial effort. Consequently, research on rock glacier cataloging and distribution characteristics across the entire area is scarce. This study statistically analyzed the geometric characteristics of ARGs using high-resolution GF-2 satellite images. It examined their spatial distribution and relationship with local factors. The findings reveal that 34,717 ARGs, covering an area of approximately 6873.54 km², with an average area of 0.19 ± 0.24 km², a maximum of 0.0012 km², and a minimum of 4.6086 km², were identified primarily in north-facing areas at elevations of 4300–5300 m and slopes of 9°–25°, predominantly in the Karakoram Mountains and the Himalayas. Notably, the largest concentration of ARGs was found on north-facing shady slopes, constituting about 42 % of the total amount, due to less solar radiation and lower near-surface temperatures favorable for interstitial ice preservation. This research enriches the foundational data on ARG distribution across the QTP and its adjacent mountainous regions, offering significant insights into the response mechanisms of rock glacier evolution to environmental changes and their environmental and engineering impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 109468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oceanic geodiversity along back-arc spreading centers reveals analogies with mid-ocean ridges","authors":"C. Palmiotto ,&nbsp;F. Muccini ,&nbsp;E. Ficini ,&nbsp;M.F. Loreto ,&nbsp;M. Cuffaro","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oceanic geodiversity provides essential information on the dynamics of the Earth. Here, we focus on the geodiversity of three oceanic back-arc spreading centers: the Mariana Spreading Center, the Central-Southern Lau Basin spreading centers, and the East Scotia Ridge. We defined a method to identify their axial zones, obtaining spreading center depths along the basins. Results improve global plate boundary models and morphology variations, revealing that the average depths along the Mariana, East Scotia, and Lau Basin spreading ridges are 4.5, 3.5, and 2 km, respectively. We also measured new spreading rates based on five magnetic profiles crossing the three back-arc spreading centers, contributing to plate kinematic models. Furthermore, we computed subduction rates, including hinge velocities along the Mariana, South Sandwich, and Tonga Subductions, to understand the existing interactions between the subducting slab hinge motion and the kinematics of their related back-arc spreading centers. Our bathymetric, magnetic, and kinematic data show several differences among the Mariana, the East Scotia, and the Lau spreading centers, stressing the oceanic geodiversity in a similar geodynamic context. Our results also suggest a strong correlation between axial depth and full spreading rates along the back-arc spreading centers, a geological correspondence that allows a similar description of these divergent plate boundaries within the mid-ocean ridge classification. Finally, we show how hinge kinematics affects the relationship between convergence along subduction zones and back-arc spreading rates. All our findings contribute to understand how the oceanic geodiversity is directly related to geodynamic processes, increasing the knowledge of global tectonics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 109466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}