Global Nest Journal最新文献

{"title":"GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR OIL SPILL AUTOMATIC DETECTION USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR","authors":"M. Marghany, S. Mansor","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001428","url":null,"abstract":"This work has exploited a Genetic algorithm for oil spill automatic detection. This is implemented to sequences of RADARSAT-2 SAR ScanSAR narrow single beam data in the Gulf of Mexico. The study shows that the implementation of crossover is generated an accurate oil slick pattern. This is confirmed by using the receiver–operational characteristics (ROC) curve. The ROC curve endorses the existence of oil slick footprints with 90%, which is larger than other surrounding environment features. It can be pronounced that ScanSAR Narrow single beam is the tremendous promise sensor for oil spill detection and survey. In conclusion, the Genetic Algorithm can be used as an automatic detection tool for oil spill.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"858-869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal accumulation and antioxidant properties of Nephrolepis biserrata growing in heavy metal-contaminated soil","authors":"Fazilah Abd. Manan, D. Mamat, A. A. Samad, Y. S. Ong, Keng-fei Ooh, Tsun-Thai Chai","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001463","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant defense mechanisms are crucial for plants to survive under stress conditions. We investigated the capacity of a wild fern species, Nephrolepis biserrata, growing in the vicinity of industrial land to accumulate heavy metals, and assessed its antioxidative response under metal stress. The soils in this particular area were highly contaminated with zinc followed by lead and copper. As control, N. biserrata located 10 km away from the industrial area were collected and assessed. N. biserrata from the contaminated sites accumulated metals in their tissues in similar descending order of zinc>lead>copper. The values of bioaccumulation factor between 0 to 0.1 indicate N. biserrata as a moderate accumulator for the tested metals. For the enzymatic antioxidant assays, the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly higher in N. biserrata from contaminated soil compared to control, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was not differ significantly in plants from both sites. We also detected higher contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in N. biserrata collected from contaminated site compared to control. Our HPLC analysis revealed higher levels of myricetin and kaempferol in plant samples from the contaminated area. Our study verified the capacity of N. biserrata to scavenge oxygen radicals when exposed to heavy metal stress. Such ability to tolerate stressful condition suggests that the plant is a potential metal phytoremediator","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"544-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF KARSTIC SPRING FLOW RATES","authors":"N. Darivianakis, K. Katsifarakis, M. Vafeiadis","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001499","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with prediction of the response of karstic springs by means of artificial neural networks (ANNs). A feed-forward back propagation ANN with three layers has been developed, to predict flow rates of two karstic springs, located at Rouvas area, Crete, Greece, using rainfall data as input. While the number of neurons of the input and output layers was determined by choice of data and desired output respectively, the number of neurons of the hidden layer was decided by means of numerous tests. Data used in ANN training and testing include daily and monthly precipitation depths (from September, 2006 to December, 2010) and measured flow rates of the two springs (from April, 2007 to December, 2010). Results show that the trained artificial neural network performed well, although flow rate measurements were not very regular. Moreover, the possibility of estimating the flow rate of one spring, based on measurements of the other has been investigated. Again the ANN gave satisfactory results. All spring flow rate and rainfall measurements are presented as an appendix, to facilitate further scientific research in the area of ANN application to water resources management.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"257-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN INDIAN NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYAS","authors":"J. Maninder, Umesh Bhawan","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001467","url":null,"abstract":"The technology transfer for rural livelihood development had greater impact to protect microclimatic conditions which further affects the microflora and microbial activities to larger extent in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The technological interventions were made by the Himalayan Research Group organization which helped in economic upliftment of rural poor, women empowerment and in environment protection in hill region. The major activities are Passive Solar Retrofitting (namely, Thermosyphoning Air heat Panel (TAP), Trombe Wall (TW), and Sun Spaces (SS)) fodder development, vermicompost biotechnology, button mushroom cultivation and protected cultivation for climate change mitigation and adaptations. The solar retrofits reduced estimated 4.97 tones carbon emission per household during six winter months which helped in reducing the fuel wood consumption. Improved varieties of different fodder spp. were introduced for year round green fodder availability and reduce soil erosion and reduction in tree lopping. Fodder choppers and silage preparation was popularized to contain the fodder wastage. Vermicompost biotechnology was popularized among farmers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers for improving the quality of soil. The button mushroom cultivation was used for conversion of agriculture residue into compost making by reducing crop residue burning which increases carbon emission. Protected cultivation in local made polyhouse was popularized to generate maximum returns from small piece of land through cut flower and vegetable cultivation and by raising plant nurseries.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLIMATE CHANGE AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS-ADAPTATION AND VULNERABILITY IN RAJASTHAN","authors":"G. Kaushik","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001376","url":null,"abstract":"Rajasthan, with its climate ranging from arid to semi-arid to sub-humid, and rapidly depleting natural resources, is already experiencing the effects of climate change. The region’s climate is projected to become harsher, with increased average temperatures, intensity of rainfall events, and increased variability in space & time of monsoon rains being consistently projected for the region. Without action in the form of adaptation of social, human, economic, and natural resource management systems, these weather changes are predicted to result in decreasing surface and ground water availability, flash floods, degradation of soil resources, decrease in crop yields, greater vulnerability to crop pest outbreaks, and declines in forest and pastureland ecosystem goods and services, thus rendering agricultural and herding communities extremely vulnerable to weather related losses of life, livelihood, and food security. In Rajasthan, government is focussing for sustainable development and climate change adaptation by finding and administering alternative methods to deal with issues of poverty and environmental degradation in context of linkage between livelihood and the immediate environment of the people. The livelihoods of the rural poor are directly dependent on environmental resources like land, water, forests — and are vulnerable to weather and climate variability. Climate change affects every aspect of society, environment and economy requiring adjustments in behaviour, livelihoods, infrastructure, laws, policies and institutions in response to experienced based expected climatic events. However, it was found that local coping strategies and traditional knowledge need to be used in synergy with government and local interventions. Solutions must be integrated to address the interrelationships between water, agriculture, forests and pastures, livestock. Finally, there is great potential for existing policies and schemes to be employed synergistically towards building true adaptive capacity for the rural communities. However, adapting to climate change will entail adjustments and implementation at every level – from community to national and international.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and modeling the influence of nitrogen input in the soil on groundwater nitrate pollution: plain of Upper-Cheliff (north Algeria).","authors":"A. Richa, A. Douaoui, N. Bettahar, Z. Qiang, J. Mailhol","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001611","url":null,"abstract":"The present study associates groundwater nitrate pollution with agricultural activity in the Upper-Cheliff wich is known for intensive farming practices. The indicatory kriging method is used in order to elaborate a map of the spatial probability distribution of nitrate concentration that exceeds a threshold value of 50ppm during high watering period for the year 2012. The obtained results show that the areas exceeding nitrate concentrations of 50 ppm, occupy more than 80% of the Upper-Cheliff aquifer area. It appears, from this map, the most affected areas are those for which the level of intensification of the N-fertilizers is the strongest (zone of garden farming, potatoes in particular) throw condensed.These results are coherent with the experimental data, which show an average nitrate concentration value of 75 ppm, significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO)’S standards. In this study, the total nitrogen brought to the soils of the Upper-Cheliff is estimated at 247 kg ha for this year, and compared to the results of New Computer models such as PILOTEN used to analyze alternative management practices together with soil, plant, and climate characteristics to determine the amount of nitrogen leached under the potatoes crops. The result of this model show that 60% of nitrogen input is leaching under potato crops which is relevant to the map showing the spatial evolution of nitrate. Nitrate pollution in the groundwater of the Upper-Cheliff appears to be significant and driven by the application of both inorganic fertilizer and land use.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"744-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation study of engine polymeric components using soybean biodiesel.","authors":"K. P. Silveira, H. Ornaghi, P. Wander, G. A. Carvalho, M. Giovanela, K. R. Reckzegiel, J. Crespo","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001613","url":null,"abstract":"An engine industry from Caxias do Sul city (RS, Brazil) has developed tests with biofuels to adapt their products to new fuel trends. Thus, this study aims to examine the components of their engines with potential degradation in the biodiesel usage. The most important aspects that were studied include fuel hoses, sealing rings and painting degradation. This work evaluated polymeric materials in terms of the direct contact with biodiesel from soybean in different proposed compositions with diesel fuel and compared the currently used materials with other elastomers that were proposed by the manufacturers of these components to choose the best performance for this application. The paint performance was also verified to evaluate the resistance aspects to fuels and to compare them to the proposed improvements to these engines. The results indicate that it is possible to use the proposed fuel hoses and sealing rings for some applications in specific biodiesel ratios. Additionally, the blistering and adhesion tests appear to be satisfactory for some of the studied systems.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE LUNI REGION, INDIA","authors":"I. Pechlivanidis, J. Olsson, D. Sharma, T. Bosshard, K. Sharma","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001370","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is expected to have a strong impact on water resources at the local, regional and global scales. In this study, the impact of climate change on the hydro-climatology of the Luni region, India, is investigated by comparing statistics of current and projected future fluxes resulting from three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The use of different scenarios allows for the estimation of uncertainty of future impacts. The projections are based on the CORDEXSouth Asia framework and are bias-corrected using the DBS method before being entered into the HYPE (HYdrological Predictions for the Environment) hydrological model to generate predictions of runoff, evapotranspiration, soil moisture deficit, and applied irrigation water to soil. Overall, the high uncertainty in the climate projections is propagated in the impact model, and as a result the spatiotemporal distribution of change is subject to the climate change scenario. In general, for all scenarios, results show a -20 to +20% change in the long-term average precipitation and evapotranspiration, whereas more pronounced impacts are expected for runoff (-40 to +40% change). Climate change can also affect other hydro-climatic components, however, at a lower impact. Finally, the flow dynamics in the Luni River are substantially affected in terms of shape and magnitude.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals uptake by hyperaccumulating flora in some serpentine soils of Kosovo","authors":"M. Salihaj, A. Bani, G. Echevarria","doi":"10.30955/gnj.001804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001804","url":null,"abstract":"Ultramafics represent magmatic or metamorphic rocks which are characterized by high concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr and Co and low concentrations of Ca, and K. Serpentine soils are weathered products of a range of ultramafic rocks composed of ferromagnesian silicates. The aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals in some of serpentine soils of Kosovo and heavy metals uptake by entire associated flora. Furthermore, another objective of this study was finding out bioavailable Ca/Mg relationship, which is very important indicator for plants' development. The sampling was conducted in June 2014. A total of three serpentine areas have been surveyed and 7 soil samples have been taken in various depths of soil profiles. Those samples were analyzed for total Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn. Results showed that each site exhibited a high concentration of at least one metal. The maximum concentrations of metals in soils Dry Matter (DM) were 108.9 mg kg(-1) Cd, 95.8 mg kg(-1) Co, 1206 mg kg(-1) Cr, 24 mg kg(-1) Cu, 2570 mg kg(-1) Ni, 21.7 mg kg(-1) Pb, 39 mg kg(-1) Zn, and 51563 mg kg-Fe. The serpentine soils at all sites were characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, which showed typical properties of ultramafic environments. Nickel Total at studied areas varied between 1543 and 2570 mg kg(-1), while the highest Ni concentration was found in aerial part of Alyssum markgrafii (4038 mgkg(-1)), Based on our findings on the field we concluded that there is a close relationship between the quantity of Ni in soil and Ni uptake in plants.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69260090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of exposure to pesticides on liver enzymes and cholinesterase levels in male agriculture workers","authors":"O. M. Awad, S. El-Fiki, R. Abou-Shanab, N. Hassanin, R. A. Rahman","doi":"10.30955/GNJ.001285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/GNJ.001285","url":null,"abstract":"A significant increase in pesticide use has increased concerns about potentially adverse effects on human health and the environment. The study aimed to explore the effects of exposure to pesticides on the liver function and acetycholinesterase levels in serum (AChES) and red blood cells (AChER) of 100 male participating in agricultural work ranging in age between 20 and 60 year with mean age 37.11±9.3. One hundred males matched for age and socio economic status were recruited as a control group to compare levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilriubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, AChES and AChER. The results indicate that AST, ALT and ALP were significantly (P<0.05) increased in pesticide-exposed workers compared with control. There was also a highly significantly (P<0.01) decrease in AChER among male agriculture workers compared with controls. At 10 50 times of pesticides applications there was a significantly (P<0.05) decrease in AChER and increase in AST, ALT and ALP activity among exposed group. However, there was a negative correlation between AST, ALT, direct bilirubin, and AChES and age among control group and a positive correlation between ALT and AST and age among exposed group. According to the number of pesticide application, there was a positive correlation between AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and number of pesticide application. Agricultural villages in Egypt require more attention to decrease the percentage of literacy among the farmers and raise their health awareness.","PeriodicalId":55087,"journal":{"name":"Global Nest Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"1006-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69259550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}