{"title":"Comments on: Horst, J., M. McCaughey, S. Justicia-Leon, J. Tillotson, and C. Divine. 2022. Viewing the end from the beginning: Designing for the transition to long-term passive phases of in situ chlorinated solvent treatment. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 42, no. 4: 11–23","authors":"Guy Swenson","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of State Approaches to Vapor Intrusion: 2023 Update","authors":"Bart Eklund, Catherine Regan, Rich Rago, Lila Beckley","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Site owners, regulators, and consultants now have decades of experience with vapor intrusion (VI), but guidance for the evaluation of VI continues to vary significantly among states. For those with sites in different regulatory jurisdictions, one challenge is addressing how the requirements or expectations for VI investigation and mitigation differ from one jurisdiction to the next. The overall lack of consensus can make it difficult to manage sites in a consistent manner between jurisdictions. This paper takes into account VI guidance, petroleum hydrocarbon-specific VI guidance, and/or media-specific volatilization criteria found in broader regulatory programs. This is an update of the author's previous reviews published in 2007, 2012, and 2018. Since our most recent update, 30 states have revised their guidance, issued new guidance or updated criteria or other VI-related information. For each State and the District of Columbia, the review includes tabulations of the available types of screening values (e.g., soil, groundwater, soil gas, and indoor air), the screening values for selected chemicals that commonly drive VI investigations (e.g., trichloroethylene [TCE], tetrachloroethylene [PCE], benzene, and other selected volatile organic compounds [VOCs]), and the basis of risk levels used for cancer and non-cancer risk. Federal values are also included for comparison. In addition, we summarize available key policy criteria for each state including: trigger distances, default subsurface to indoor air attenuation factors, policies for evaluation of petroleum VI, strategies for preferential pathways, and policies for mitigation of VI. The details presented in this paper provide a useful technical reference and regulatory summary for practitioners and the regulated community nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 3","pages":"76-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwmr.12627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Wang, Rong Yu, David T. Adamson, Ramona Iery, David L. Freedman
{"title":"Evaluation of Passive Vapor Diffusion Samplers to Quantify Acetylene, Ethene, and Ethane in Groundwater","authors":"Hao Wang, Rong Yu, David T. Adamson, Ramona Iery, David L. Freedman","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12629","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acetylene, ethene, and ethane are products from the degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) in contaminated aquifers. However, the volatility of these gases makes it challenging to avoid excessive losses during sampling. The objective of this study was to compare the quantification of acetylene, ethene, and ethane using passive vapor diffusion (PVD) samplers vs. conventional low-flow groundwater collection. Samples were obtained from 8 to 13 monitoring wells at three sites that show potential for biotic and abiotic degradation of TCE in fractured rock aquifers. Method reporting limits (MRLs) for the PVD samplers were 0.25 μg/L for acetylene (0.0094 μM) and 0.28 μg/L for ethene and ethane (0.0099 and 0.0092 μM, respectively); the MRLs for conventional low-flow groundwater samples were ~40% higher. For two of the sites, the maximum concentrations of acetylene, ethene, and ethane obtained with the PVD samplers were comparable to the conventional low-flow samples. The frequency of detection for these gases with the PVD samplers was also comparable to conventional low-flow groundwater sampling. For one of the sites with higher levels of acetylene (maximum of 13 μg/L), the concentrations from the PVD samplers were approximately twofold higher than those with conventional low-flow groundwater sampling. Based on robust detection of acetylene, ethene, and/or ethane, it appears likely that degradation of TCE is occurring at the three sites that were sampled. The use of PVD samplers can reduce the possibility of false negative results to provide another line of evidence in support of natural attenuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 3","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SERDP and ESTCP Corner: Headlines from the Environmental Restoration Program Area","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12632","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 1","pages":"127-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Mid-Atlantic Managed Aquifer Recharge Regulatory Process Supports Multi-Purpose Water Reuse","authors":"Charles Job","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12630","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139831233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In My Experience: Online Graduate Geoscience Education Has an Important Role to Play","authors":"Marcia Schulmeister","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 1","pages":"133-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kade J. Kearney, Timothy Blount, Emma Palmer, Rosemary Arvizu, Robert Sanford, Albert Valocchi, Charles Schaefer, Charles J. Werth
{"title":"Assessment of Cryogenic Coring to Preserve Vertical Distributions of Trichloroethylene and Reaction Products in an Aquitard","authors":"Kade J. Kearney, Timothy Blount, Emma Palmer, Rosemary Arvizu, Robert Sanford, Albert Valocchi, Charles Schaefer, Charles J. Werth","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12628","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is not a clear understanding of the extent by which naturally occurring reactions can attenuate trichloroethene (TCE) and its daughter products within low permeability zones (LPZs), and addressing this knowledge gap requires advancement of methods to accurately measure in situ volatile chemical concentrations. In this study, a soil coring method that freezes the soil in-situ (a.k.a., cryogenic coring) was utilized to measure depth-discrete distributions of TCE and its volatile reaction products through a TCE-impacted silty clay aquitard, and results were compared with those from adjacent soil cores taken using a conventional coring approach. Vertical concentration profiles of TCE, <i>cis</i>-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethane, and methane were all compared between the two coring methods, and results indicate the two coring methods recovered statistically equivalent concentrations of volatiles across most depths of the fine-grained cohesive clayey soil at the study site. Biotic reductive dechlorination was the dominant TCE reaction pathway at the site; several reduced gasses that are possible markers for abiotic reduction were detected, but their concentrations and intervals of occurrence were not sufficiently consistent to indicate whether they were from abiotic TCE reduction or unrelated biological processes. Overall, cryogenic coring yielded improved recovery of sand lenses compared to conventional coring, but offered no apparent benefits for improved recovery of TCE and its volatile reaction products in the low permeability aquitard material at the site.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"118-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Financing Managed Aquifer Recharge Projects”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12626","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Job, C. 2023. Financing managed aquifer recharge projects. <i>Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation</i> 43: 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12620</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwmr.12626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yida Fang, Stephanie Fiorenza, Charles Schaefer, Kevin Molloy, Chris Gurr
{"title":"Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Weathered Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid","authors":"Yida Fang, Stephanie Fiorenza, Charles Schaefer, Kevin Molloy, Chris Gurr","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12623","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and weathered petroleum hydrocarbons can be co-contaminants at sites where aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) was used to extinguish high-temperature petroleum fires. Here, we report on the partitioning of six PFAS between water and a weathered diesel and gasoline range hydrocarbon light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) collected from the subsurface of a decommissioned refinery. Results showed that both the structural features of PFAS and the characteristics of LNAPL exhibited significant impacts on the magnitude of PFAS partitioned to the LNAPL. The LNAPL–water partition coefficients (<i>K</i><sub><i>l</i></sub>) of PFOA and PFOS to the weathered LNAPL measured in this work were nearly or more than 10 times greater than <i>K</i><sub><i>l</i></sub> values calculated by others for partitioning to single-component, unweathered NAPLs, indicating that laboratory studies evaluating LNAPL–water partitioning studies using single component NAPLs can largely underestimate the <i>K</i><sub><i>l</i></sub> expected to be encountered at contaminated AFFF sites. Interactions with LNAPL can be important controllers of PFAS fate and transport, and the <i>K</i><sub><i>l</i></sub> values estimated in this work suggest that LNAPL could be a significant transport sink for PFAS in the field. Results from this work suggest that PFAS partitioning to weathered LNAPL is an important process to be considered when designing remedial strategies, particularly those incorporating monitored natural attenuation or natural source zone depletion.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 1","pages":"122-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Featured Products","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"43 4","pages":"117-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138468606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}