Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation最新文献

{"title":"Data Evaluation Framework for Refining PFAS Conceptual Site Models","authors":"Jeff Gamlin,&nbsp;Charles J. Newell,&nbsp;Chase Holton,&nbsp;Poonam R. Kulkarni,&nbsp;Jonathan Skaggs,&nbsp;David T. Adamson,&nbsp;Jens Blotevogel,&nbsp;Christopher P. Higgins","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12666","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Contaminated sites with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are the cause of environmental, health, and financial concerns. Understanding and addressing PFASs at their source areas is important for effective characterization, risk assessment, and remediation. This paper introduces a framework that relies on commonly available PFAS data to assist in identifying PFAS source areas and assess PFAS fate and transport considerations along flowpaths. Currently accepted PFAS physical and chemical behaviors have been incorporated into metrics that can be evaluated geospatially, and/or over time, to build a weight-of-evidence approach to refine conceptual site models (CSMs). Graphical representation of data according to a PFAS “family tree” is also proposed for more consistent interpretation and pattern recognition. Combined, these tools create a PFAS data evaluation framework (PFAS Framework) that consists of a tiered analysis approach based on data availability and site complexity. Case studies from real sites are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the PFAS Framework in identifying source areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 4","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwmr.12666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Evaluation of PFOS Retention in the Unsaturated Zone above the Water Table","authors":"Hiroko M. Hort,&nbsp;Emily B. Stockwell,&nbsp;Charles J. Newell,&nbsp;Joseph Scalia IV,&nbsp;Sorab Panday","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12662","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the vadose zone is vital to the management of impacted sites. This paper examines PFAS retention in the unsaturated zone above the water table using a mathematical model, MODFLOW-USG-Transport PFAS or “USGT-PFAS.” The USGT-PFAS model incorporates adsorption onto air-water interfaces, providing a more comprehensive understanding of PFAS retention near the water table and release to groundwater. Modeling of a hypothetical perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) site under various idealized site conditions illustrated that the impacts on PFOS retention from smallest to largest were water table fluctuations, low episodic recharge, constant recharge, moderate episodic recharge, constant recharge with water table fluctuations, and high episodic recharge. PFOS retention also varied by sand type, with greater retention occurring in simulations incorporating coarse sand with low capillary potential versus fine sand with high capillary potential. PFAS management strategies were also explored, including the adaptation of gas sparging, a method traditionally used for volatile organic compounds. Gas sparging can concentrate PFAS in groundwater and the vadose zone around the water table, facilitating retention or removal. Model simulations for a simplified hypothetical site demonstrated that PFAS can be substantially retained in the unsaturated zone once gas sparging results in an upward concentration of PFAS in groundwater and the unsaturated zone near the water table. Modeling can aid in understanding PFAS behavior but requires simulation of multiple interrelated processes to correctly predict PFAS fate and transport in subsurface conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 3","pages":"38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featured Products","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"132-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140949278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - ISSN page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwmr.12526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140949280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiple Lines of Evidence Approach to Demonstrate Effectiveness of PFAS Remediation Technologies","authors":"Tom Wanzek,&nbsp;Elisabeth Hawley,&nbsp;John Merrill,&nbsp;Rula Deeb,&nbsp;David Sedlak,&nbsp;Jennifer Field,&nbsp;Chris Higgins","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12657","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Significant investments have been made to develop treatment technologies, particularly destructive approaches, for a variety of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are present in groundwater, surface water, and other environmental media. A multiple lines of evidence approach were developed to assist regulators, funding agencies, and practitioners in evaluating PFAS treatment technology performance. This article describes each of three lines of evidence that a technology is effective: (1) decrease in target PFAS concentrations is observed; (2) PFAS treatment transformation products are identified and quantified; and (3) a treatment mechanism is proposed that is consistent with previous studies and supported by data. Other considerations are also described to inform conclusions about knowledge gaps and priorities for future testing. Collectively, these lines of evidence and other considerations help communicate the complexities of PFAS treatment, strengthen research plans, standardize technology evaluator reviews, and inform realistic expectations of PFAS treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140831704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Rotated Potential Mixing Protocols on the Behavior of a Conservative Reagent","authors":"Michelle S. Cho,&nbsp;Neil R. Thomson","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chaotic advection is defined as the generation of “small-scale structures” from the repeated stretching and folding of fluid elements in a laminar flow regime that has the potential to enhance mixing and improve treatment effectiveness. Rotated potential mixing (RPM) flow is one configuration used to invoke chaotic advection and involves periodically re-oriented dipole flow through the transient switching of pressures at a series of radial wells. In this study, we relied on conventional models used by remediation practitioners to represent the expected flow and transport behavior of a conservative reagent subjected to chaotic advection by an RPM flow system, and then explored the impact of engineering controls on reagent mixing behavior. The various lines of evidence demonstrated that this modeling approach captured the key features of the expected transport behavior reported in other studies. Visual observations of the reagent distribution, and quantitative metrics of mixing behavior highlighted the different responses that are possible by the various combinations of RPM flow parameters explored. The results show the importance of combining theoretical considerations with practical limitations when designing an RPM flow system. The flow rate and pumping duration have direct consequences on the degree of reagent spreading and mixing. The use of the same RPM flow protocol in a heterogeneous <i>K</i> field led to a significantly greater degree of reagent mixing than in a homogeneous <i>K</i> system. The results from this investigation have important implications for the design of RPM flow protocols to promote enhanced reagent mixing and thereby improve treatment effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"86-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwmr.12648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERDP & ESTCP Corner: Headlines from the Environmental Restoration Program Area","authors":"Sarah Mass","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12656","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"129-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Remediation Solutions: New Developments and Opportunities in 1,4-Dioxane Biological Treatment","authors":"Craig Divine,&nbsp;Caitlin H. Bell,&nbsp;Monica B. Heintz,&nbsp;Andrew Lorenz,&nbsp;Paul Vallin,&nbsp;David Favero,&nbsp;Kathleen Gerber,&nbsp;Chenwei Zheng,&nbsp;Bruce Rittmann","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"12-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12655","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"10-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assimilative Capacity Is an Under-Utilized Concept for Regulating Soil and Groundwater Contamination with Important Implications for Site Closure","authors":"J.F. Devlin,&nbsp;Beth L. Parker,&nbsp;Andrea J.H. Rhoades,&nbsp;Robert J. Stuetzle,&nbsp;Shaily Mahendra,&nbsp;Joseph Scalia,&nbsp;Jens Blotevogel","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12650","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwmr.12650","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The beginning of modern in situ subsurface cleanup arguably began in the early 1970s with the application of hydrogen peroxide to shallow aquifers to drive gasoline spill remediation, in what became known as the Raymond method (Committee on In Situ Bioremediation &lt;span&gt;1993&lt;/span&gt;). Since then, this idea has sparked remarkable remediation innovations where processes that occur naturally in the subsurface, including biodegradation, sorption, diffusion, abiotic reactions, and volatilization are enhanced by actions specifically designed to boost their role in lowering contaminant concentrations in groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By the 1990s, the age of “Natural Attenuation” (NA) was upon us, together with vigorous ethical and technical discussions aimed at understanding and explaining why the technology was not simply a euphemism for “do nothing.” Natural attenuation proponents held that natural processes tend to be protective of human and environmental health, are more cost- and resource effective than active remediation, and less risky by minimizing the aggressive movement of fluids in the subsurface. On the other hand, critics contended that NA amounted to a delay tactic aimed primarily at cost savings, with little or no risk reduction over reasonable time periods. Critically, since the end of the twentieth century, advancements in site characterization and monitoring tools have refined conceptual site models and established multiple lines of evidence that NA is associated with (1) well-constrained plume development and (2) diminished risk over space and time to an acceptable level without active remediation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As NA gained acceptance, its adoption at sites became primarily dependent on evidence of biologically driven contaminant transformation as the primary attenuation mechanism. In the process, other important and effective processes, including the collective physical, geochemical, and hydrogeologic influences that can govern or complement contaminant mitigation were often overshadowed or completely overlooked. We know that chemical and physical mechanisms can play primary roles in reducing contaminant concentrations. This includes reactions with iron or manganese oxides, hydrolysis, sorption, diffusion, and dispersion, volatilization, and other mechanisms that lower a specified mass of contaminant, or contaminant mixture, in the subsurface. These processes can be influenced by, and feedback to, the biological activity in aquifers; the interconnectedness of biology, chemistry, and flow are better appreciated now than ever in the past. It is therefore intellectually, technologically, and economically wasteful to disregard any part of this compilation of processes when dealing with aquifer restoration. To improve site management and closure efforts, we need process-based conceptual site models that account for &lt;i&gt;all&lt;/i&gt; the processes occurring in a groundwater system. Herein, we contend this can be realized by extending the current NA framework and ","PeriodicalId":55081,"journal":{"name":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","volume":"44 2","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwmr.12650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}