Helminthologia最新文献

{"title":"Ecological study on helminths of three species of Gobiidae from the Danube River, Bulgaria.","authors":"R G Zaharieva,&nbsp;P G Zaharieva,&nbsp;D A Kirin","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 72 specimens of <i>Babka gymnotrachelus</i> (Kessler, 1857), <i>Neogobius fluviatilis</i> (Pallas, 1814), and <i>Neogobius melanostomus</i> (Pallas, 1814) from four sampling sites along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River (Kudelin, Novo selo, Koshava, and Kutovo), Northwestern Bulgaria were submitted to ecologohelminthological investigation. During the examination 6 species of helminths have been identified from 3 classes: Trematoda (<i>Nicolla skrjabini</i> (Iwanitzky, 1928) Dollfus, 1960), Acanthocephala (<i>Acanthocephalus anguillae</i> (Müller, 1780) Lühe, 1911; <i>Acanthocephalus lucii</i> (Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1911; <i>Pomphorhynchus laevis</i> (Zoega in Müller, 1776) Porta, 1908) and Nematoda (<i>Contracaecum</i> sp., <i>Eustrongylides excisus</i> Jägerskiöld, 1909). Ecological indices of the established endohelminth species were tracked. The four sampling sites from the Danube River are new habitats for the discovered endohelminth species of racer goby, monkey goby, and round goby. The three goby species are new host records: <i>B. gymnotrachelus</i> and <i>N. fluviatilis</i> for <i>Ac. lucii</i>; <i>N. melanostomus</i> for <i>Ac. lucii</i>, <i>Ac. anguillae</i> and <i>Contracaecum</i> sp. New species of helminths are found in the helminth fauna of the three studied species of gobies from the Danube River and the river basin (<i>Ac. lucii</i> of <i>N. fluviatilis</i>) and in Bulgaria (<i>Ac. lucii</i> of <i>B. gymnotrachelus</i>; <i>Ac. lucii</i>, <i>Ac. anguillae</i> and <i>Contracaecum</i> sp. of <i>N. melanostomus</i>). The pathogenic species helminths for the fish and humans are found.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"60 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/7e/helm-60-1-helm-2023-0008.PMC10251753.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9976470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Enterobius Vermicularis</i> Infections in Iraq.","authors":"H S Al-Warid,&nbsp;A Q I Alqaisi,&nbsp;I M Al Saqur,&nbsp;H S Al-Bahadely","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Enterobiasis continues to be among the highest parasitic infections affecting the human population worldwide. A study was conducted between 2011 – 2015 in Iraq to evaluate the enterobiasis reported by the Communicable Diseases Control Center (n=220,607 cases) in relation to demographic (age, sex, rural population and family size) and spatial variables (local and regional sources). Females were more parasitized than males, as well as children and youth ages 4 to 15. Approximately 40 % of cases are from the South region provinces (Thiqar, Miasan, Basrah and Wassit). However, most cases occurred in regions with high rural populations and a high family size average. The results may provide insights for researchers assessing management approaches to control enterobiasis in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"364-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/1b/helm-59-364.PMC9979070.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10849679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages and Limitations of Microscopy and Molecular Detections for Diagnosis of Soil-transmitted Helminths: An Overview.","authors":"N Miswan,&nbsp;G V Singham,&nbsp;N Othman","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>World Health Organization (WHO) reported that over 1.5 billion people are infected by soil-transmitted helminths (STH) worldwide in sub-Saharan Africa, the United States of America, China, and East Asia. Heavy infections and polyparasitism are associated with higher morbidity rates, and the patients are exposed to increased vulnerability to other diseases. Therefore, accurate diagnosis followed by mass treatment for morbidity control is necessary.STH diagnosis commonly involves the microscopic observation of the presence of the STH eggs and larvae in the faecal samples. Furthermore, molecular approaches are increasingly utilised in monitoring and surveillance as they show higher sensitivity. Their capability to differentiate hookworm species is an advantage over the Kato-Katz technique. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of microscopy and various molecular tools used for STH detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"321-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/7f/helm-59-321.PMC9979072.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10855187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of <i>Aphelenchoides Bicaudatus</i> (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Associated with Grass in South Africa.","authors":"E Shokoohi,&nbsp;N A G Moyo","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aphelenchoides bicaudatus</i> associated with grass in South Africa was identified morphologically and molecularly. This population is characterized by a body length of 409 - 529 μm, a stylet length of 9.5 - 13 μm, a post-vulval uterine sac of 45 - 50 μm, and the characteristic tail bifurcated at the end with one prong longer than the other. Molecular analyses based on the 18S and ITS rDNA data confirmed the primary morphological identification of the <i>A. bicaudatus</i> species. The obtained phylogenetic trees revealed a close positioning of the South African population to other representatives of <i>A. bicaudatus</i> with the maximum (1.00) posterior probability value. Principal component analysis (PCA) also indicated a variation within the populations of <i>A. bicaudatus</i>. This is the first report of <i>A. bicaudatus</i> from South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"414-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/b1/helm-59-414.PMC9979064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10849677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Parasitic Records of Aves: Phasianidae (<i>Alectoris Chukar</i>) in Malakand Division Northern, Pakistan.","authors":"A Ullah,&nbsp;K Khan,&nbsp;N Bibi,&nbsp;S Ahmad,&nbsp;A Khan,&nbsp;M Ali,&nbsp;H Ali,&nbsp;M F Khan,&nbsp;S Ghayyur,&nbsp;S Yasmin,&nbsp;A Ul Haq","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 24,000 species of helminth parasitize wild birds worldwide, and this number is expanding as interest in wildlife parasitology increases. The objective of the current study was to update the baseline of helminthological surveys conducted on chukar partridges (<i>Alectoris chukar</i>) in northern Pakistan. After reviewing the available literature, a parasite-host association checklist was developed. Nematodes (53.8 %) were the most commonly reported parasite, followed by cestodes (15.3 %) and trematodes (15.3 %) respectively. Seventy (70) chukar partridge (<i>Alectoris chukar</i>) distributed across the Malakand division of northern Pakistan were screened for parasitosis during the period from October 2020 to the end of December 2021. Blood samples of all the specimens were screened for haemoprotozoa, the digestive tract was examined for protozoans and helminths. The examined birds were infected with nine different helminth parasite species identified as cestodes (4 species), trematodes (2 species) and 3 species of nematodes. 29 out of 70 birds were infected, with the male and female infection rates being 36 % and 52.1 %, respectively, with a total prevalence of 41.3 %. Among the infected birds 10 (34.4 %) contained cestodes, 2 (6.8 %) contained trematodes and 17 (58.6 %) contained nematodes. Of which <i>Ascaridia galli</i> and <i>Capillaria phasianina</i> recorded the highest prevalence (10 %). While <i>Amoebotaenia cuneate, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Lyperosomum longicauda</i> recorded the least (1.4 %) respectively. Reporting of <i>Raillietina echinobothrida, Amoebotaenia cuneate</i> and <i>Lyperosomum longicauda</i> constitute new host records. <i>A. cuneate is a new record in the parasitological list in the country</i>. In terms of host's sexuality, the overall figures show no significant changes in infection indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"398-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/1c/helm-59-398.PMC9979066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10849678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Survey on Gastrointestinal and Pulmonary Parasites in Cats Around Toulouse (France).","authors":"P Henry,&nbsp;C Huck-Gendre,&nbsp;M Franc,&nbsp;T L Williams,&nbsp;E Bouhsira,&nbsp;E Lienard","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various feline parasites are potentially zoonotic thus establishing factors associated with parasitism is of animal and public health interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in client-owned cats, living in the area of Toulouse, France, over the period 2015 - 2017, and to investigate possible risk factors. A total of 498 faecal samples from cats of the University Animal Hospital of Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse were analysed, 448 from cats presented for consultation and 50 at post-mortem. Analysis was performed using a commercial flotation enrichment method with a hypersaturated sodium chloride solution and Baermann technique. Further examination of the gastrointestinal tract contents was conducted on necropsied cats. Overall, 11.6 % of cats were positive for endoparasites; 50 (11.2 %) consultation cases and 8 (16 %) post-mortem cases, with no significant difference in prevalence between the groups. Amongst infected cats, most were infected by a single species of parasite and 10.3 % (n=6) were infected with two or more. The most common parasite was <i>Toxocara cati</i> with a prevalence of 9.4 % (n=47). Other endoparasites encountered were: <i>Cystoisospora</i> sp 1.0 % (n=5), <i>Aelurostrongylus abstrusus</i> 1.0 % (n=5), <i>Strongyloides</i> sp 0.6 % (n=3), <i>Dipylidium caninum</i> 0.4 % (n=2), <i>Aonchotheca putorii</i> 0.2 % (n=1), <i>Ancylostomatidae</i> 0.2 % (n=1) and <i>Toxascaris leonina</i> 0.2 % (n=1). The examination of the gastronintestinal tract contents of the necropsied cats revealed <i>Mesocestoides</i> sp 0.4 % (n=2) and <i>Tænia</i> (<i>Hydatigera</i>) <i>tæniaeformis sensu lato</i> 0.2 % (n=1) which are seldomly diagnosed by flotation methods. In this study, increasing age and neutered status were statistically associated with reduced odds of infection by endoparasites (helminth and coccidian). Predictors of significantly increased risk included being male, intact, and not receiving regular anthelmintic treatment. The same risk factors were highlighted specifically for <i>Toxocara cati</i> infections, with rural location being an additional risk factor for infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"385-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/56/fd/helm-59-385.PMC9979063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10855185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Ruminant Paramphistomosis and Comparative Histopathology of the Infected Rumens in Narowal District, Punjab, Pakistan.","authors":"H M Rizwan,&nbsp;M Usman,&nbsp;M A Naeem,&nbsp;M U Farid,&nbsp;M Younus,&nbsp;M S Sajid,&nbsp;U B Tahir,&nbsp;N Luqman,&nbsp;H Abbas,&nbsp;M K Ateeq,&nbsp;M S A Taseer,&nbsp;M Asif","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study reports the prevalence of <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. in small and large ruminants and their association with the histopathology of the infected rumens. A total of 384 animals were screened for <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. The animals found positive for <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. were divided into three groups according to the worm load/5 cm² (G1: 10 - 20 worms/5 cm² = Low, G2: 20 - 40 worms/5 cm² = Medium, and G3: >41 worms/5 cm² = High). Tissue slides were prepared from samples of the rumen (1 cm²) taken from animals positive for ruminal fluke to determine the histological parameters, including epithelial length or thickness, length and width of the ruminal papilla, and thickness of tunica submucosa and mucularis externae. The overall prevalence of <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. in the ruminant population of district Narowal was 56.25 % with a significant (P < 0.05) variation among different species of ruminants. The highest prevalence was in cattle, followed in order by buffalo, goat, and sheep. Epithelium thickness was significantly correlated with parasite load in large ruminants and the most significant (P < 0.05) decrease in epithelium thickness was in Group B (31.12 ± 1.82 μm) and Group C (31.07 ± 1.68 μm) and a same trend was recorded in small ruminants. Histopathological changes due to <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. are reported for the first time, which explained the histomorphological and physiological changes in <i>Paramphistomum</i>-infected rumens which might be associated with lowered feed efficiency and productivity in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"377-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/e6/helm-59-377.PMC9979068.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10270739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Activity of Human Leukocyte Extract on Systemic Immune Response and Cyst Growth in Mice with <i>Echinococcus Multilocularis</i> Infection After Oral, Subcutaneous and Intraperitoneal Routes of Administration.","authors":"D Ciglanová,&nbsp;Z Jurčacková,&nbsp;D Mudroňová,&nbsp;E Dvorožňáková,&nbsp;G Hrčková","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by the larval stage of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> is serious parasitic diseases associated with the host´s immunosuppression. The effects of human non-immune dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) on immune cells in blood and spleen and parasitic cysts weight in Balb/c mice after oral (PO), subcutaneous (SC) and intraperitoneal administration (IP) were compared. The reduction in cysts weight (p < 0.01) was recorded after PO route, whereas moderate reduction was found after SC and IP routes. The elevation of lymphoid populations in blood and spleen was found after PO administration (p < 0.01) in parallel with reduced myeloid population. Infection-elicited decline in B220+B cells was partially abolished by PO route, but DLE routes did not influence the CD3+ T cells. The proportions of CD3+CD4+Th lymphocytes were moderately upregulated, whereas CD3+CD8+Tc populations were reduced after all DLE routes (p < 0.01). PO administration increased CD11b+MHCII^high blood monocytes, CD11b-SigleF+ cell, but not CD11b+Si-glecF+ eosinophils in the blood, stimulated after SC and IP routes. DLE induced downregulation of NO production by LPS-stimulated adherent splenocytes <i>ex vivo</i>. Con A-triggered T lymphocyte proliferation was associated with the elevated IFN-γ production and transcription factor Tbet mRNA expression. The alleviation of Th2 (IL-4) and Treg (TGF-β) cytokine production by lymphocytes <i>ex vivo</i> paralleled with downregulation of gene transcription for cytokines, GATA and FoxP3. Reduction of myeloid cells with suppressive activity was found. The SC and IP routes affected partially the cysts weights, diminished significantly gene transcription, NO levels and Th2 and Treg cytokines production. Results showed that PO route of DLE administration was the most effective in ameliorating immunosuppression via stimulation of Th1 type, reducing Th2 and Treg type of immunity and CD3+CD8+Tc lymphocytes in the blood and spleens during <i>E. multilocularis</i> infection in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"341-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/3b/helm-59-341.PMC9979067.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10855188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) Against Root-knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne Javanica</i> and Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Cucumber Root.","authors":"I E Taher,&nbsp;S N Ami","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR), Salicylic acid (SA), Ascorbic acid (AA), and silicon (Si) were applied on shoots, roots, and both of them simultaneously. Results showed that all treatments reduced the number of galls, root gall index, number of egg mass/root system, number of nematodes/root system, number of eggs/root system, number of nematodes/pot soil, the final population density of nematodes, and rate of reproduction. Treatments also increased growth criteria, including chlorophyll, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoots dry weight, root dry weight, shoots length, and root length. SA foliar and root application decreased infection criteria and increased total phenol, peroxidase, and phenol oxidase activities. Ascorbic acid and silicon increased total phenol, peroxidase, and phenol oxidase activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"404-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/af/helm-59-404.PMC9979065.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10855184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large Adnexal Tumor Caused by <i>Enterobius Vermicularis</i> Mimicking Malignancy.","authors":"J Racková,&nbsp;H Koutníková,&nbsp;Z Kolářová,&nbsp;H Neumannová,&nbsp;M Zikán","doi":"10.2478/helm-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> usually causes trivial infections in the juvenile population. However, its extragenital presentation in adults is relatively rare. We present the case of a 64-year-old female suffering from poorly controlled diabetes and lower abdominal pain. CT scan showed a large tumorous expansion of the lower abdomen, mimicking malignancy. Perioperative findings revealed a large adnexal tumor adhering to the rectum. In addition, the histological examination uncovered a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with multiple surrounding eggs of the parasite and granulomatous reaction in the left fallopian tube and left ovarian cortex. As reported in our article, the rare ectopic sites of <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> in postmenopause may become a diagnostic challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"59 4","pages":"373-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/03/helm-59-373.PMC9979071.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10855186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}