Helminthologia最新文献

{"title":"Ectoparasites and Endoparasites of the Clark's Lizard, <i>Darevskia clarkorum</i> (Squamata, Lacertidae), Collected from Different Provinces of the Black Sea Region of Türkiye.","authors":"Y Civil, H S Yildirimhan, A M Redhwan, U Bülbül, S Sarikurt, A A Hassan","doi":"10.2478/helm-2026-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2026-0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 61 specimens (26♀♀, 31 ♂♂, and 4 juveniles) of <i>Darevskia clarkorum</i> (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), collected between 2000 and 2005 from five provinces of Türkiye (Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, and Artvin) and archived as museum material, were subjected to helminthological examination. As a result of the examinations conducted, 2 Cestoda (<i>Nematotaenia tarentolae, Oochoristica tuberculata</i>), 4 Nematoda (<i>Strongyloides darevskyi, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Skrjabinodon medinae, Agamospirura</i> sp.), and 1 Acanthocephala (<i>Centrorhynchus</i> sp. larvae) species were identified in the host. In addition, an ectoparasite species in the arthropod belonging to the order Ixodida (<i>Ixodes ricinus</i>) was encountered. Except for <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, all parasite species have been recorded for the first time in <i>D. clarkorum</i> in the literature. In this respect, the study makes an important contribution to both the species' parasite fauna and the herpetofauna of Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"63 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating morphological and deep learning approaches for the identification of economically important nematode genera in vineyards: <i>Mesocriconema</i> and <i>Xiphinema</i>.","authors":"L Öztürk, B Şin","doi":"10.2478/helm-2026-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2026-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate identification of plant-parasitic nematodes is fundamental to effective crop protection and the maintenance of soil ecosystem integrity. This study integrates morphological characterization with deep learning-based object detection to enhance diagnostic accuracy for economically important nematode genera, <i>Xiphinema</i> and <i>Mesocriconema</i>, associated with vineyards. Three advanced YOLO architectures [YOLO-NAS, YOLOv11, and Roboflow 3.0 (YOLOv8 architecture)] were trained and evaluated on a high-resolution annotated microscopic image dataset consisting of 961 images and 1.034 bounding-box annotations. Although the target nematode genera display considerable morphological variability and genetic divergence among populations, the present investigation focused on genus-level detection of <i>M. xenoplax</i> and <i>X. pachtaicum</i>. These two major ectoparasitic nematodes cause significant damage to grapevine root systems. Among the models tested, YOLOv11 achieved the highest detection accuracy, with a precision of 95.7 % and an mAP@50 of 93.2 %. YOLO-NAS exhibited comparable performance (mAP@50 = 92.7 %, precision = 93.1 %, recall = 84.9 %), while Roboflow 3.0 (YOLOv8 architecture) yielded satisfactory results (mAP@50 = 89.4 %), indicating its applicability for real-time diagnostic workflows. This integration of taxonomic expertise with deep learning represents a new methodological framework for nematode identification. All models exhibited rapid convergence and stable learning dynamics during training. The findings underscore the potential of YOLO-based frameworks as efficient, scalable, and reproducible tools that complement classical morphological and molecular identification, contributing to precision agriculture and sustainable nematode management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"63 1","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated morphological description and molecular analysis of <i>Neoechinorhynchus</i> (<i>Neoechinorhynchus</i>) <i>iraqensis</i> (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from <i>Planiliza abu</i> (Heckel) (Mugilidae) in Iraq.","authors":"O M Amin, A Chaudhary, M E Caracciolo, A H Ali, N Y Rubtsova, M H Al-Kuraizy, H S Singh, W DE Souza","doi":"10.2478/helm-2026-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2026-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The original description of <i>Neoechinorhynchus</i> (<i>N</i>.) <i>iraqensis</i> Amin, Al-Sady, Mhaisen, Bassat, 2001, from <i>Planiliza abu</i> (Heckel) in the Euphrates River, Iraq, is updated and completed, for the first time, using ocular microscopy and SEM, despite its repeated discovery by various observers in Iraqi waters. No descriptive accounts were provided in these earlier reports. Structures originally described in line drawings are currently demonstrated considerably more clearly in life-like 3-dimensional forms. New morphological features constituting partial revision are reported herein for the first time. Proboscis hooks, anterior trunk topography, reproductive structures organization, and egg anatomy were particularly emphasized. The DNA sequence of the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (<i>18S</i>) was used to substantiate its morphological distinction. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were performed, which showed that <i>Neoechinorhynchus</i> (N.) <i>iraqensis</i> formed a clade with strong bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation and molecular detection of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> in Duhok Governorate.","authors":"L H Hussein, S A Al-Muffti","doi":"10.2478/helm-2026-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2026-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic hydatid disease, caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>, is a major zoonotic infection with significant public health and economic impact in endemic regions, including Iraq. This study aimed to detect the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in <i>E. granulosus</i> and to characterise hydatid cysts based on morphological and pathological features, including cyst wall layers, cyst type, and organ involvement, in Duhok Governorate, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). In this study, characterisation refers to the classification of hydatid cysts by type (fertile, infertile, or calcified) and organ involvement. Of the 58 hydatid cyst samples collected, 17 were from humans, and 41 were from sheep. Cysts were classified according to organ involvement and cyst type (fertile, infertile, or calcified). Among sheep samples, 75.6 % were fertile, 21.9 % infertile, and 2.4 % calcified, whereas human samples showed 82.4 % fertile, 5.9 % infertile, and 11.8 % calcified cysts. Molecular detection using PCR targeting the COI gene confirmed the presence of <i>E. granulosus</i> DNA in 40 sheep and 15 human samples. Nineteen PCR-positive samples were selected for sequencing, resulting in 13 high-quality sequences (three human and ten sheep isolates) that were successfully submitted to GenBank. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between host type and host gender, infection type, or PCR positivity (p > 0.05). However, significant associations were observed between cyst type and organ involvement, cyst type and PCR results, and PCR results and affected organs (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings support the usefulness of COI-based PCR for molecular detection of <i>E. granulosus</i> and highlight the value of integrating cyst characterisation with molecular approaches to improve epidemiological understanding and support control strategies in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"63 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes targeting the control of the corn leafhopper, <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), under laboratory conditions.","authors":"A C DE Oliveira, V Andaló, M L DA Mota, F J Carvalho, L S DE Faria, O J Marques","doi":"10.2478/helm-2026-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2026-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corn leafhopper, <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was considered a secondary pest in Brazilian corn crops. However, from 2015 onwards, there was a significant increase in its population and a high incidence of both pale and red wilt diseases. This species transmits these phytopathogens, elevating its status to a major agricultural pest. It has a high dispersal capability, significant reproductive potential, and adapts to adverse conditions, result in damage to crops by inhibiting plant growth and decreasing yield, leading to financial losses for farmers due to challenges in its control. Accordingly, the study aimed to evaluate the virulence of seven isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes belonging to the <i>Heterorhabditis</i> and <i>Steinernema</i> genera against adult <i>D. maidis</i>, as well as the lethal concentration (LC50), compatibility with insecticides and herbicides used in corn cultivation, and the nematode life cycle within the insect. There was no significant difference between the isolates, and they displayed a mortality rate exceeding 50%. The lethal concentration for <i>H. amazonensis</i> MC01 was 75 IJs adult^-1, and for S. feltiae IBCB 47, it was 25 IJs adult^-1. No phytosanitary product was found to be harmless to <i>H. amazonensis</i> MC01. The herbicide tembotrione did not affect the viability and infectivity of <i>S. feltiae</i> IBCB 47. The <i>H. amazonensis</i> MC01 and <i>S. feltiae</i> IBCB 47 isolates completed their life cycle in <i>D. maidis</i> adults, with the <i>S. feltiae</i> IBCB 47 isolate showing a longer life cycle than <i>H. amazonensis</i> MC01.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"63 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data on the presence of <i>Sparicotyle chrysophrii</i> (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae) on the gills of <i>Sparus aurata</i> (Teleostei: Sparidae) in Tunisian coastal waters, with insights into the genetic structure and phylogenetic analysis.","authors":"S Farjallah, P Merella, Osama B Mohammed, N Amor","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study represents the first integrated epidemiological and molecular characterisation of the monogenean <i>Sparicotyle chrysophrii</i> in wild and farmed gilthead seabream <i>Sparus aurata</i> populations across seven Tunisian localities. Prevalence in the different localities ranged 37.5 % - 63.6 % in wild fish and 29.4 % - 90.0 % in farmed fish. Population genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships were inferred by incorporating novel and existing haplotype data from various Mediterranean regions, using the structural ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for the large subunit (28S) and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA sequences revealed a monophyletic group with a distinct clade closely related to <i>Microcotyle</i>. The haplotype network exhibited a star-like pattern, supporting recent demographic expansion across the Mediterranean Sea. This expansion was reflected in genetic diversity indices, which showed high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Negative neutrality test values further suggested a recent population expansion. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences revealed no significant phylogenetic differentiation, with samples from various Mediterranean regions clustering into a monophyletic clade. The mismatch distribution for Tunisian samples displayed a unimodal pattern, confirming this demographic expansion. Genetic distances based on COI sequences revealed a 1.15 % divergence between Tunisian and Algerian samples, with the lowest pairwise FST value, suggesting a shared evolutionary history, as supported by the haplotype network. AMOVA analysis of Tunisian samples revealed that 92.77 % of the variance was attributed to individual differences, with a moderate FST value, indicating the absence of significant genetic structuring within populations. The presence of shared haplotypes confirmed the potential for pathogen transfer between wild and farmed fish populations. Overall, the COI data suggested that host biological characteristics play a significant role in shaping the genetic structure of <i>S. chrysophrii</i> populations, as evidenced by the lack of significant phylogenetic divergence across the Mediterranean Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 4","pages":"352-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular and orbital dirofilariasis: A case series from Sisak-Moslavina County.","authors":"A Prpić, M Gromača-Grgić, S Vukelić, M Vidić, T Milašinović Iveković, R Iveković","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular and orbital dirofilariasis, though rare, can mimic common eye infections or other conditions and lead to misdiagnosis. We present a series of four patients with ocular and orbital dirofilariasis in Sisak-Moslavina County of Croatia, emphasizing the variable clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges. Ocular dirofilariasis should be considered in patients with unexplained symptoms, particularly in endemic or rural areas. Detailed anamnesis and timely surgical intervention are essential for accurate diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 4","pages":"365-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of <i>Terfezia claveryi</i> extract against experimental <i>Hysterothylacium thalassini</i> infection in mice.","authors":"M Alotaibi, R Abdel-Gaber, S Al Quraishy, S Santourlidis, H M Alharbi, E Al-Shaebi","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish are an essential source of high-quality protein and micronutrients. Yet parasitic infections often compromise safety. Anisakid nematodes, such as <i>Hysterothylacium thalassini</i>, are widely distributed in marine fish, including the greater lizardfish <i>Saurida tumbil</i>, and pose potential risks to human health. Infection with anisakid larvae is associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immune dysregulation, and apoptosis. Natural products rich in bioactive compounds may provide effective protection against these pathological effects. Desert truffles (<i>Terfezia claveryi</i>) possess well-documented antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, but their activity against anisakid infections remains poorly characterized. This study investigated the protective effects of <i>Terfezia claveryi</i> extract (TCE) against experimental <i>H. thalassini</i> third-stage (L3) larval infection in a murine model, focusing on antioxidant activity, hematological changes, splenic immune responses, and Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. TCE was prepared by methanol-water extraction, and its antioxidant potential was evaluated using the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into eight groups, including uninfected controls, TCE-treated mice, and mice infected with fresh, thermal, or frozen L3 larvae, with or without TCE treatment. After 14 days, hematological indices, spleen index, and Caspase-3 expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and ELISA. Larval infection induced significant anemia, leukocytosis, splenomegaly, and marked upregulation of Caspase-3, indicating enhanced oxidative stress and apoptotic activity. TCE administration significantly improved hemoglobin, red blood cell, hematocrit, platelet, and white blood cell values and reduced the spleen index. Caspase-3 expression was downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels, with ELISA-confirmed reductions in apoptotic markers (from 1178.37 ± 64.94 pg/mL in untreated infected mice to 744.79 ± 65.82 pg/mL following treatment). In conclusion, TCE exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects that alleviate <i>H. thalassini</i>-induced hematological and splenic alterations, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate against fishborne parasitic infections globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 4","pages":"340-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of ascarid nematodes in cattle population from Malakand Division, Pakistan.","authors":"Ruhoollah, N Rafiq, M Kamal, W Khan, T Khan, S Niaz, P R De Los Ríos-Escalante, M Ben Said","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic livestock, particularly cattle, are crucial for food security, economic growth, and poverty reduction in Pakistan. Ascarid nematodes are parasitic worms that significantly impact cattle health, causing morbidity and mortality in these animals. However, information on the molecular characterization and prevalence of ascarid infections in the cattle population of Malakand Division is limited. A total of 230 stool samples were collected from cattle across five districts in Pakistan, specifically Swat, Bunir, Bajaur, Lower Dir, and Upper Dir, between October 2022 and September 2023. Routine fecal examinations were conducted using a combined approach of sedimentation, flotation, and centrifugation to effectively recover ascarid eggs. DNA was extracted from the eggs, and a partial sequence of the <i>Cox-1</i> gene, a widely used molecular marker for nematode identification, was amplified <i>via</i> polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were sequenced, and their sequences were compared with those in the NCBI GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbour-Joining method. The study identified two ascarid species: <i>Toxocara vitulorum</i> (31.30 %, 72/230) and <i>Ascaris suum</i> (21.30 %, 49/230), with <i>A. suum</i> being reported in Pakistan for the first time. The <i>Cox-1</i> sequences involved 441 bp, with an isolate from Upper Dir showing 97.77 % similarity to <i>T. vitulorum</i> and a 435 bp isolate from Lower Dir being 99 % identical to <i>A. suum</i>. A high infection rate was observed in cattle grazing in hilly areas. This research highlights the prevalence and genetic diversity of ascarid nematodes in the local cattle population, confirming <i>Cox-1</i> as a reliable genetic marker for identification. Further studies are essential to investigate transmission dynamics and develop effective control measures to ensure livestock health and improve the economic status of families in Malakand and across Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 4","pages":"321-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i>: Their characterizations and anti-parasitic activity.","authors":"S S Eldera, S Aldawsari, M Abou El-Nour","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis continues to affect the health and quality of life of millions worldwide. Schistosomiasis is ranked as the second most significant targeted tropical disease after malaria. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the sole medication authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of schistosomiasis. The sole drug has led to the development of parasite resistance. Consequently, the pursuit of novel alternatives has been the objective of numerous researchers. The use of nanotechnology in the treatment of schistosomiasis is of paramount importance for mitigating the adverse effects associated with chemotherapy. This study evaluated the effects of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by <i>Artemisia annua</i> on <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>, which infected <i>Mesocricetus auratus</i> both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> at various doses of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/ml as well as in mixtures with PZQ at concentrations of 12.5+0.4, 25+0.3, 50+0.2 and 75+0.1 μg/ml. Adult <i>S. mansoni</i> worms were subjected to <i>in vitro</i> testing in the RPMI-1640 medium for a duration of 48 hours. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml, it caused 100 % mortality after 6 hours, whereas concentrations of 50 and 25 μg/ml resulted in complete mortality after 12 hours. At a concentration of 12.5 μg/ml, praziquantel alone caused the worms to die after 24 hours, whereas praziquantel combined with ZnO nanoparticles was more effective, causing death after 18 hours. Treatment with zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly decreased both the size and number of granulomas, along with the amount of eggs in the liver tissues of hamsters. All prior studies consistently corroborated the characteristics of ZnONPs synthesized using <i>Artemisia annua</i>. The results show that in laboratory experiments, green ZnO nanoparticles combined with PZQ exhibited significant efficacy against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 4","pages":"304-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}