Helminthologia最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting the prevalence of endoparasites in pre-weaning calves in a warm humid climate of Mexico.","authors":"C Y León-González, R González-Garduño, J M Hernández-Domínguez, F L Peña-Escalona, A Villa-Mancera, L Aguilar-Marcelino","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0003","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasitic diseases are a major challenge for livestock in warm climates, causing significant economic losses, particularly in young animals. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are highly prevalent, prompting us to investigate factors affecting the prevalence of endoparasites in pre-weaning calves in a warm, humid climate in Mexico. Fecal samples were analyzed to assess fecal egg count (FEC) dynamics and endoparasite prevalence. The prevalence of trematodes (<i>Fasciola hepatica</i> and paramphistomids) was determined on 12 beef cattle farms in the rainy season from May to September 2022 and July to November 2023. Nematode prevalence was monitored on four farms during 2022 and 2023. In addition, on one farm, the FEC was compared between dewormed and untreated groups. Coprocultures were conducted to obtain third-stage larvae for species identification based on morphology. The prevalence of <i>F. hepatica</i> was 12 % (77/640), while paramphistomids had a prevalence of 20.5 % (131/640). Trichostrongylids showed a prevalence exceeding 30 %, with maximum values reaching 93 %. The predominant species identified from coprocultures were <i>Cooperia</i> spp., <i>Oesophagostomum</i> spp., and <i>Haemonchu</i>s spp. Dewormed calves exhibited similar nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG) to the untreated group, and nematode EPG in calves tended to decrease with age. In conclusion, age, sex, and farm management practices influence the prevalence of nematodes and trematodes. Nematode prevalence exceeded 30 % for most of the year, while trematode prevalence ranged from 12 % to 20 %.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of hydro-ethanolic seed extract of <i>Zanthoxyllum armatum</i> DC to establish its mechanism of action for paralysis of <i>Paramphistomum cervi</i> in continuation with <i>in vivo</i> experimentation in naturally infected goat.","authors":"S Hazarika, C C Barua, P Mohan, A Das, M Hazorika, S Tamuly, P Pathak, B Borah, D Phangchupi, A Chakraborty, S George","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0008","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of hydro-ethanolic seed extract of <i>Zanthoxyllum armatum</i> (HESEZA) DC against <i>Paramphistomum cervi</i>, a rumen amphistome highly prevalent in North-East India. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments were carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic property of HESEZA and the mechanism of action against <i>Paramphistomum cervi</i>. <i>In vitro</i> motility and different biochemical estimations like glucose uptake, glycogen content, lactic acid production and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the extract and standard drug treated worms were studied to explore the mechanism of action. HESEZA @ 3000 μg/ml showed complete death of worms within 1 hr of exposure. Glucose uptake was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by the HESEZA @ 300, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml. Similarly, glycogen content was found to decrease significantly (P<0.05) by the HESEZA @ 300, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml. However, lactic acid production was increased significantly (P<0.05) by the HESEZA @ 300, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml. On the contrary, AChE activity of the <i>P. cervi</i> was reduced significantly (P<0.05) @ 3000 μg/ml by the HESEZA. An <i>in vivo</i> experiment of HESEZA @ 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight in naturally infected goats were accomplished with complete reduction of EPG count on 28^th day of post-treatment of the extract @ 250 mg/kg b. wt. All the haematological and biochemical parameters were estimated during <i>in vivo</i> experimentation in goats with HESEZA.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redescription of <i>Laimydorus siddiqii</i> Baqri & Jana, 1982 (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae) with its first molecular study.","authors":"A Ansari, A H Bhat, Z Imran, A K Chaubey, D Fouad, G Pundir","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0006","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nematode population (SF7) belonging to the genus <i>Laimydorus siddiqi</i>, 1969, was isolated from the soils of sugarcane fields in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. Based on morphological, morphometrical, and molecular studies, the nematode was identified as <i>Laimydorus siddiqii</i>. This work represents the first molecular report of this species. <i>Laimydorus siddiqui</i> has a 2.6 to 3.08 mm long body, with a truncate lip region, linear odontostyle, double guiding ring, female genital system amphidelphic, longitudinal vulva, and females with a very long, filiform tail. Males have 56 - 63 μm long spicules and 28 - 29 ventromedial supplements. Molecular analyses utilizing segments of the 28S rDNA placed <i>Laimydorus siddiqi</i> in a clade with <i>Laimydorus zehsaziani</i> from Iran and other representatives of the genera <i>Labronema</i>, <i>Dorylaimus</i>, <i>Prodorylaimus</i>, <i>Calcaridorylaimus</i>, <i>Mesodorylaimus</i>, and <i>Aporcelamellus</i>. However, there is no available 18S rRNA sequence of any known species of <i>Laimydorus</i>, and our sequence is the first SSU rRNA of this genus. These molecular findings support the taxonomic positioning of <i>Laimydorus siddiqui</i> within the broader phylogenetic framework of the family Dorylaimidae, highlighting its relationships with closely related genera.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of <i>Crenosoma vulpis</i> in Red Foxes <i>Vulpes vulpes</i> in Western Poland.","authors":"A Matysiak, P K Kwiatkowska, S Kaźmierczak, A Ondrejkova, O Wasielewski, P Tryjanowski","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0007","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Crenosoma vulpis</i> is a nematode from the superfamily Metastrongylidea, which parasitizes the respiratory tracts of carnivores, primarily red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>), and occasionally domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>). This study aimed to assess the presence of <i>C. vulpis</i> in red foxes in western Poland, an area where its occurrence had not been previously documented. We examined lung tissue from 47 red foxes obtained during the regular hunting season (2017 - 2018) using the Baermann method to detect the presence of nematode larvae. Larvae, identified based on morphology as <i>C. vulpis</i>, were found in 12.8 % of the foxes (6/47; 95 % CL = 4.8 - 25.7 %). This is the first confirmed report of <i>Crenosoma vulpis</i> in red foxes in Poland, highlighting the potential need for further epidemiological studies on its distribution and impact on both wildlife and domestic animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in Lithuanian sheep farms.","authors":"A Beleckė, T Kupčinskas, R Adomkienė, I Stadalienė, M Várady, S Petkevičius","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0001","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid emergence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) among gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Europe, particularly to benzimidazoles (BZ), levamisole (LEV), and macrocyclic lactones (ML), presents a growing challenge to sheep farming. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to BZ, IVM, and LEV in Lithuanian sheep farms. <i>In vitro</i> micro-agar larval development tests (MALDT), recognized as the most efficient <i>in vitro</i> method for large-scale epidemiological studies, were used. The research was conducted from 2021 to 2022 across 38 sheep farms throughout Lithuania. Findings indicate widespread resistance to IVM (47.4 %) and BZ (39.5 %), while LEV resistance was not detected. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to both IVM and BZ was found in 28.9 % of farms. <i>Trichostrongylus</i>, <i>Teladorsagia</i>, and <i>Haemonchus</i> were identified as resistant species. Our results reveal a lower prevalence of AR compared to previous studies, highlighting the critical importance of randomized sampling. The study underscores the need for strategic anthelmintic management and enhanced cooperation among researchers, veterinarians, and farmers to mitigate the spread of AR in Lithuanian sheep farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three species of dominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with banana plants in Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Indonesia.","authors":"N A Nurlaili, S Indarti, N S Putra, A Soffan","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0004","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the most important pests on banana plantations. This research was conducted to identify the dominant PPNs species threat in banana cultivation. The purposive sampling method was performed in banana plantations to collect the roots of banana plants and the soil around them to extract the nematodes. Nematode identification was carried out morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly using the primer pair D2A/D3B. The highest population of PPNs from root and soil sample (respectively) in Turi were <i>Radopholus</i> (84 nematodes/10 gram root) and <i>Helicotylenchus</i> (37.3 nematodes/100 mL soil), in Kasihan were <i>Pratylenchus</i> (181.3 nematodes/10 gram root) and <i>Meloidogyne</i> (53.3 nematodes/100 mL soil), while in Jetis were both <i>Helicotylenchus</i> with population of 480 nematode/10 gram root and 120 nematode/100 mL soil. Phylogenetic analysis placed the population of <i>R. similis</i> from Turi, Yogyakarta in a monophyletic clade with <i>R. similis</i> from Tanzania, China, and Colombia. The Kasihan, Yogyakarta population of <i>P. coffeae</i> was placed in a monophyletic clade with <i>P. coffeae</i> from China and Tanzania. Additionally, the Jetis, Yogyakarta population of <i>H. multicinctus</i> was separated from <i>H. multicinctus</i> populations from Nigeria, China, Sudan, Vietnam, Brazil, India, Florida, Greece, and Colombia. These results could be used as the database of morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics of nematode species in Indonesia and as a basis for future banana parasitic nematode management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of <i>Hemicycliophora conida</i> (Nematoda: Criconematidae) on <i>Juncus maritimus</i> in Jordan.","authors":"F A Shaban, N Salem, M Wahsha, L Al-Banna","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0010","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During a study of nematodes associated with aquatic plants in Jordan, a species of the sheathoid nematode <i>Hemicycliophora conida</i> Thorne, 1955 was recovered from soil associated with roots of sea rush plants, <i>Juncus maritimus</i> Lam., from the Zarqa River. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular data of recovered females and males of this nematode are included. This study represents the first record of <i>H. conida</i> in Jordan. This sheathoid nematode's presence could adversely affect plants like <i>J. maritimus</i>, which are of industrial, medicinal, and environmental significance. The impact of <i>H. conida</i> on this aquatic and other aquatic plants in the Zarqa River needs to be studied further.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the cytotoxicity and anthelmintic activity of <i>Olea europaea</i> (stem and leaves) methanolic extract: <i>in vitro</i> investigation.","authors":"E M Al-Shaebi, R Abdel-Gaber, N Al-Hoshani, S Al-Quraishy","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0002","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several diseases, including cancer and parasites, may be treated with medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to examine <i>in vitro</i> the phytochemical profile, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic properties of <i>Olea europaea</i> stem and leaves methanolic extracts (OESME and OELME, respectively). Using FT-IR technology, phytochemical makeup was examined, and evaluation of antioxidant activity by ABTS and FRAP methods for plant extracts was examined. An MTT test was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of OESME and OELME against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cell lines. The anthelmintic effect of OESME and OELME against <i>Eisenia fetida</i> was tested <i>in vitro</i>. Albendazole (10 mg/mL) was utilized as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) proved 14 and 15 phytochemical compounds in OESME and OELME, respectively. The findings showed that OESME exhibited a higher ABTS inhibition at 100 µg/mL (96.8 ± 0.02 mg GAE/L) compared to OELME (94.9 ± 0.04 mg GAE/L). The FRAP assay also revealed increased antioxidant activity peaking at 100 µg/mL, with OELME at 0.455 ± 0.002 mg GAE/L and OESME at 0.51 ± 0.003 mg GAE/L. Furthermore, OESME and OELME exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The IC₅₀ for OESME on the A549 cell line was 303.5 ± 3.25 μg/mL, while for OELME, it was 252.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL. In the MCF-7 cell line, the IC₅₀ values were 326.5 ± 2.87 μg/mL for OESME and 363.3 ± 3.04 μg/mL for OELME. In terms of anthelminthic activity, paralysis and death occurred within 35.728 ± 2.396 and 39.158 ± 4.068 minutes, respectively, at the most efficacious dose of OESME and OELME (200 mg/mL). Mebendazole, on the other hand, demonstrated paralysis and death at 13.91 ± 0.373 and 18.2 ± 0.980 minutes, respectively. A significant surface structural anomaly was found by histologically analyzing the treated worms compared to the control group. Our results demonstrated the anthelminthic action and cytotoxicity of <i>O. europaea</i> extracts, which encourages more <i>in-vivo</i> research to be done in the quest for more affordable and effective therapeutic sides.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Contracaecum jorgei</i> (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in <i>Centropomus armatus</i> from a fish market in Panama City, Republic of Panama.","authors":"K B González-Serrano, C Aguilar, L Abrego, C Rengifo-Herrera","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0005","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Contracaecum jorgei</i> is a parasite within the Anisakidae family. This parasite has been recently reported in several South American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, as well as in Central American countries such as Costa Rica and Guatemala. In this study conducted on <i>Centropomus armatus</i>, a prevalence rate of 6 % (1/15) was observed, with two parasites found in the celomic cavity., The nematode larvae samples were sequenced, and the resulting phylogenetic trees clustered these sequences with sequences available in GenBank, identified as <i>C. jorgei</i>. This marks the first report of <i>C. jorgei</i> in Panama and provides the initial sequences of the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene (rrnS) fragment for this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoparasites and epibionts of loggerhead and green sea turtles from the eastern Mediterranean, Turkey: A detailed assessment.","authors":"S Düşen, Y Kaska, M Yilmaz, S A Ulubelı","doi":"10.2478/helm-2025-0009","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2025-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two species of sea turtles, the loggerhead (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) and the green turtle (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), use Turkey's Mediterranean and rarely Aegean Sea coasts for nesting and foraging. The injured sea turtles are regularly transferred for treatment to the Sea Turtle Research, Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (DEKAMER) Muğla Ortaca-Dalyan (Turkey) from the different coasts of the these two seasthese include Çanakkale, Balıkesir, İzmir and Aydın (Aegean Sea); Antalya and Mersin (Mediterranean Sea) and also Muğla (it has two coasts both Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea). In this study, both internal and external parasites and epibiont species of turtles that died during treatment were examined. This is the first detailed parasitological and epibiont study on these sea turtles in the Turkish coast. Twenty-two adult <i>Caretta caretta</i> and twelve green turtles were examined and these symbiotic groups were recorded: endoparasitic digeneans and nematodes, and epibiotic annelids and cirripeds (barnacles). The observed three digenean species (<i>Pyelosomum renicapite</i>, <i>Learedius learedi</i> and <i>Deuterobaris proteus</i>) are recorded in Turkey for the first time. Also, <i>Ch. mydas</i> and <i>C. caretta</i> represent new host records for these digenean species in Turkey. <i>Ch. mydas</i> represents a new host record for two cirriped species (<i>Chelonibia testudinaria</i> and <i>Lepas hillii</i>) from Turkey and <i>C. caretta</i> also represent a new host record for <i>Ozobranchus margoi</i> from Turkey. Based on the available literature, the implications of these symbionts on sea turtle health are discussed, highlighting the importance of recording parasitic data of sea turtles. The study of internal and external parasites is very important, especially for the treatment of sea turtles under rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":"40-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}