Hno最新文献

{"title":"[Prevention in otolaryngology-aspirations, reality, and future perspectives].","authors":"Benedikt Hofauer","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01748-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-026-01748-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":"74 4","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medical examination: Preparation for ENT specialisation : Part 80].","authors":"K El-Shabrawi, C Offergeld","doi":"10.1007/s00106-025-01689-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-025-01689-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"246-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ultrasound in secondary prevention of thyroid nodules-evidence, benefits, and limitations].","authors":"Felix Werner, Susann Hueber, Sarina Katrin Müller, Matti Sievert","doi":"10.1007/s00106-025-01709-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-025-01709-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid nodules are common incidental findings in ultrasound examinations. Early detection by ultrasound does not seem to have any patient-relevant benefits in terms of secondary prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current article provides an overview of international evidence for the benefits and harms of ultrasound in the secondary prevention of thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review (PubMed search; 2010-2025) of guidelines (American Thyroid Association, ATA; American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, AACE/American College of Endocrinology, ACE; European Thyroid Association, ETA; United States Preventive Services Task Force, USPSTF; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE; German-language S3 guidelines), population-based studies (SHIP, KORA, SEER), and systematic reviews and meta-analyses was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high, but the proportion of clinically relevant or malignant findings is very low. Mortality from thyroid cancer is also low. Screening asymptomatic adults with ultrasound increases the incidence of mostly indolent papillary carcinomas without any reduction in mortality. The risk of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment is substantial. Thus, international and national guidelines do not recommend screening for early detection of thyroid cancer. Standardized ultrasound risk classifications (e.g., European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, EU-TIRADS/American College of Radiology TIRADS, ACR TIRADS) are essential for targeted evaluation in cases of clinically suspected thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Screening asymptomatic individuals using ultrasound is not recommended. The rate of overdiagnosis is high, and the benefits in terms of reducing morbidity or mortality have not been proven.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Robot-assisted surgery in the head and neck region].","authors":"Chia-Jung Busch, Tilman Huppertz, Markus Blaurock, Christopher Seifen, Lukas Wittig, Benjamin Fenske, Balazs B Lörincz, Christian Betz","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01742-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-026-01742-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robot-assisted surgery has been established in the head and neck region as a promising minimally invasive method, particularly for oropharyngeal tumors. It enables precise tissue-preserving procedures with good oncological control and functional preservation. Modern systems offer multi- and single-port technologies, each providing distinct advantages depending on anatomy and indication. Transoral approaches allow scar-free resection with shortened recovery times. Despite growing evidence, robot-assisted surgery remains cost-intensive and technically demanding. Training requirements, case numbers, and access to technology are limiting factors. Future developments such as AI integration and enhanced visualization promise further improvements. This article provides up-to-date practice-oriented knowledge on indications, techniques, and clinical evaluation of robot-assisted procedures in the head and neck region.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"239-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13008992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current indications for cochlear implantation].","authors":"Till F Jakob, Antje Aschendorff, Manuel C Ketterer, Rainer L Beck, Stefanie Kröger, Thomas Wesarg, Susan Arndt","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01744-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-026-01744-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The indications for treatment with a cochlear implant (CI) have steadily expanded over the years. While the CI was originally designed for deaf adults, the range of indications now also includes patients with profound uni- or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral deafness, or residual hearing. Infants and toddlers are also fitted, preferably before the age of 1 year, in order to create optimal conditions for language development. New developments such as gene therapy for otoferlin mutations or CI treatment for vestibular schwannomas further expand the treatment options. The indication is determined individually for each ear, taking audiological, imaging, psychosocial, and cognitive factors into account. The current S2k guideline of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) aims to promote high-quality care and emphasizes the importance of interprofessional collaboration in the diagnostic and care process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevention in otology-the key to lifelong hearing health].","authors":"Paul Emmerich Krumpoeck, Lukas David Landegger","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01741-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-026-01741-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hearing loss is a major global health issue with potentially severe consequences for speech development, social integration, and cognitive health. A significant proportion of this burden is preventable through targeted strategies applied across the human lifespan.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes key evidence-based preventive measures in otology and provides practical recommendations for clinicians.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A selective review of the current literature was conducted, including national clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, epidemiological studies, and pivotal clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key preventive measures begin before birth with maternal vaccinations and hygiene counseling as well as screening for syndromes or congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Universal newborn hearing screening is a cornerstone of early diagnosis and intervention, enabling superior outcomes with cochlear implantation or emerging gene therapies. Recommended childhood immunizations, noise protection, cautious use of ototoxic medications, and managing lifestyle-related risk factors are effective strategies for preventing acquired hearing loss. Furthermore, auditory rehabilitation with hearing aids or implants is crucial for tertiary prevention, mitigating secondary consequences such as social isolation and cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multifaceted, proactive, life-course approach to hearing health is essential to reduce the burden of hearing loss. Otolaryngologists play a central role in implementing these preventive strategies, from counseling expectant parents to ensuring timely rehabilitation in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Role of human papillomavirus vaccination in prevention of oropharyngeal cancer and recommendations for patients and relatives].","authors":"Sofia Kourou, Charles Schmit, Louis Jansen, Lisa Nachtsheim, Charlotte Klasen, Malte Suchan, Julia van de Loo, Hans Eckel, Alissa Reisewitz, Arthur Charpentier, Shachi Jenny Sharma, Dirk Beutner, Jens Peter Klußmann, Marcel Mayer","doi":"10.1007/s00106-025-01718-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-025-01718-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing worldwide, particularly among younger men without classical risk factors. High-risk HPV types are the primary cause. Prophylactic vaccines offer the first effective means of primary prevention, with efficacy demonstrated primarily through the reduction in oropharyngeal HPV infections.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to present the current evidence on HPV vaccination for prevention of OPSCC, including vaccination coverage, guideline recommendations, and implications for patients and their close contacts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed (2000-2025) on HPV vaccination and oropharyngeal cancer, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cohort and randomized studies as well as national and international guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human papillomavirus vaccination reduces the prevalence of oropharyngeal high-risk HPV infections by 80-90% and significantly lowers the risk of persistent infections. Relatives and sexual partners of OPSCC patients have a mildly increased risk of HPV-associated malignancies. Vaccination coverage in Germany is particularly low among boys; therapeutic HPV vaccines are currently being investigated in clinical trials. Modeling studies indicate that substantial reductions in the OPSCC incidence can only be achieved with significantly higher vaccination rates than those currently seen in Germany.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human papillomavirus vaccination is an effective tool for primary prevention of oropharyngeal infections and, indirectly, OPSCC. Sustainable impact requires gender-neutral and easily accessible vaccination programs, targeted inclusion of close contacts, and further research into therapeutic vaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"214-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Description and implementation of primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive strategies in otorhinolaryngology].","authors":"C Schmit, M Mayer, M Santer, D Dejaco, B Hofauer","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01746-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-026-01746-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevention is gaining increasing importance in modern medicine. Its goal is to avoid, delay, or reduce the occurrence of diseases and thereby decrease the overall disease burden. In otorhinolaryngology, multiple opportunities exist for implementing preventive strategies. This article is intended to provide an introductory overview of the topic of prevention in otolaryngology, while detailed aspects will be addressed in subsequent articles of this special issue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides an overview of established and emerging preventive measures in otorhinolaryngology and classifies them within the framework of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. A narrative review of relevant preventive approaches was conducted based on selected examples from current literature and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary prevention includes vaccination programs; public awareness campaigns on risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and oncogenic viruses; and occupational hearing protection. Secondary prevention comprises screening programs, particularly newborn hearing screening and audiometric testing in risk groups. Tertiary prevention involves oncologic follow-up care, hearing rehabilitation, and multimodal therapy for chronic tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consistent implementation of preventive strategies at all levels can substantially reduce disease burden and improve patients' quality of life. Given the increasing medical and economic challenges, prevention plays a key role in 21st-century otorhinolaryngology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faszination Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie: Referate zur 97. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vom 13. bis 16. Mai 2026 in Ulm.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01733-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-026-01733-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Multilocular mucocutaneous leishmaniasis with perforation of the anterior nasal septum: a rare differential diagnosis].","authors":"Valentin Burkhardt, Daniel Hornuss, Siegbert Rieg, Christoph Becker, Andreas Knopf, Manuel Christoph Ketterer","doi":"10.1007/s00106-026-01730-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00106-026-01730-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, comprises visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous forms. It is mainly endemic in South and Central America as well as the Mediterranean region, while being very rare in Europe. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis may affect the nasal and oral mucosa, and the current case highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration: both cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions with nasal septum perforation were present. Close cooperation between the departments of otorhinolaryngology, infectious diseases, and tropical medicine are key to ensuring rapid and sufficient treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55052,"journal":{"name":"Hno","volume":" ","pages":"183-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}