IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-09-02DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3727023
{"title":"IEEE Systems Journal Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3727023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3727023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11676275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-08-12DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718744
Fei Gao
{"title":"An Integrated Capability Analysis Approach for Equipment System-of-Systems Based on Quality Function Deployment Under Fermatean Fuzzy Environment","authors":"Fei Gao","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718744","url":null,"abstract":"System of systems (SoS) warfare has become a predominant paradigm in contemporary military operations. Within this framework, heterogeneous equipment is organized into integrated equipment SoS to accomplish missions through complex interactions and interdependencies. Designing an effective and efficient equipment SoS requires a rigorous identification of its capabilities and a sound assessment of their relative importance. However, the intricate relationships among tasks and capabilities make capability analysis challenging. To address this issue, this study proposes an integrated quality function deployment (QFD) approach that combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, and the Tomada de Decisao Interativa Multicriterio (TODIM) within a Fermatean fuzzy environment. Fermatean fuzzy sets are used to represent uncertain and subjective information. Within the proposed framework, FF-AHP is employed to determine task importance, FF-DEMATEL is adopted to analyse intercapability relationships, and Fermatean fuzzy TODIM is used to derive a prioritized ranking of capabilities by jointly considering task importance, capability interdependencies, and task capability relationships. A case study on a search and rescue mission is conducted to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method. The results show that the framework can identify critical capabilities that are consistent with operational knowledge, and comparative analyses with conventional QFD, fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), fuzzy VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and Fermatean fuzzy TOPSIS confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Overall, the integrated Fermatean fuzzy QFD methodology provides a systematic and reliable tool for capability analysis in complex SoS warfare environments.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"1153-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-16DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3709000
Jun-Wei Zhu;Xiang Zhang;Jin-Peng Liu;Xin Wang
{"title":"A Novel SNN-Based Decision-Making Method for Coordination of UAV Formation Maintenance and Obstacle Avoidance","authors":"Jun-Wei Zhu;Xiang Zhang;Jin-Peng Liu;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3709000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3709000","url":null,"abstract":"Formation maintenance and obstacle avoidance in multiuncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) systems remain difficult because the two objectives are inherently conflicting in unknown environments. Existing optimization-based methods usually balance them by introducing formation and avoidance terms into a unified objective function, which improves trajectory quality but often increases computational burden and limits real-time applicability. Existing spiking neural network (SNN)-based methods, on the other hand, are mainly restricted to single-task obstacle avoidance or simple discrete action selection, and thus cannot effectively support coordinated formation-preserving flight. To address these limitations, this article proposes a novel brain-inspired SNN-based decision-making framework for coordinating UAV formation maintenance and obstacle avoidance. The proposed framework integrates a pigeon-inspired obstacle-avoidance planner, a virtual-leader-based formation controller, and an SNN decision module into a unified cooperative architecture. Its main novelty is that the SNN not only outputs discrete behavior decisions for switching between formation maintenance and obstacle avoidance, but also generates a continuous velocity-scaling coefficient for fine-grained motion regulation. On the one hand, this design improves the timeliness and flexibility of behavior switching; on the other hand, it enhances trajectory smoothness and accelerates formation reconstruction after obstacle avoidance. Compared with optimization-based methods and conventional rule-based or discrete-action SNN methods, the proposed framework provides better real-time adaptability and coordination performance. Simulation and real-world flight experiments verify its effectiveness and robustness in cooperative multi-UAV missions.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"882-893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-24DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3711127
Shuo Wang;Ru Yang
{"title":"A Home States Analysis Method of $omega$-Independent Unbounded Petri Nets With Application to Unbounded Systems","authors":"Shuo Wang;Ru Yang","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3711127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3711127","url":null,"abstract":"A marking is a home state if it is reachable from every other reachable marking. Current research on home state analysis of unbounded Petri nets focuses solely on decision problems, while effective methods for home state exploration remain underdeveloped. This article proposes a home states analysis method of <inline-formula><tex-math>$omega$</tex-math></inline-formula>-independent unbounded Petri nets. First, it presents the comprehensive method to explore all home states within the extended new modified reachability graph, which fully characterizes reachability between any markings. Second, it significantly enhances the efficiency of reachability analysis by avoiding the exploration of duplicate paths and applying negative circuits. Thirdly, the proposed method is formally supported by a theorem that establishes its validity. Finally, this article demonstrates the proposed method through a practical case.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"954-964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-15DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3707396
Hongqiang Ma;Hong Fan;Yanan Jiang;Liangjian Hu
{"title":"Almost Sure Exponential Stability for a Class of Complex Networks With Markovian Switching","authors":"Hongqiang Ma;Hong Fan;Yanan Jiang;Liangjian Hu","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3707396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3707396","url":null,"abstract":"The stability analysis of complex networks is a critical research topic, operate as switching systems. Although complex networks with Markovian switching have recently attracted considerable attention, the problem of almost sure exponential stability for such systems has not yet been investigated within the linear matrix inequality (LMI) framework under stochastic perturbations. In this article, we propose a Lyapunov-based theorem to establish sufficient conditions for almost sure exponential stability. These theoretical conditions are then systematically transformed into computationally tractable LMI criteria, which can be efficiently verifiedusing standard software tools, such as MATLAB. The Lyapunov function is constructed as a simple quadratic form to facilitate the analysis.The proposed approach is applied in numerical simulations, and the results reveal a key insight: even when individual subsystems are not at all stable, the overall complex network can still achieve almost sure exponential stability.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"862-869"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Event-Triggered Output Synchronization for Coupled Neural Networks With Multiple Output or Output Derivative Couplings","authors":"Yan-Ran Zhu;Jin-Liang Wang;Jian-Qiao Wang;Shun-Yan Ren;Tingwen Huang","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710832","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, two categories of output synchronization problems for coupled neural networks are tackled, that is, the cases with multiple output couplings and with multiple output derivative couplings. An output synchronization criterion for coupled neural networks with multiple output couplings is derived by employing the devised adaptive event-triggered control scheme, and Zeno behavior problem is also addressed. Moreover, the adaptive and event-triggered control methods are also utilized to deal with the output synchronization of coupled neural networks with multiple output derivative couplings, and the nonexistence of Zeno behavior is illustrated. Finally, two numerical examples, where the outputs of all nodes can realize the synchronization under the devised adaptive event-triggered strategies and Zeno behavior does not occur, are given to show the advantages of the proposed control schemes.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"942-953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fully Distributed Superlinear Convergence Scheduling Method for Optimal Operation of Ship Energy Interconnected System","authors":"Caijing Nie;Xiaoyuan Luo;Xinyu Wang;Tao Wu;Yuyan Zhang;Xinping Guan","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710582","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime decarbonization calls for ship energy systems that can coordinate multienergy flows with fast and scalable scheduling. To this end, this article proposes a two-stage scheduling framework for a ship energy interconnected system. An electricity-heat-hydrogen architecture is developed for cascaded energy utilization. During navigation, photovoltaic fluctuations are smoothed by energy storage, and a fully distributed stochastic-quasi-Newton-asynchronous-alternating direction method of multipliers (S-QN-AsyncADMM) algorithm is proposed for multienergy scheduling. The algorithm integrates stochastic gradients, limited-memory quasi-Newton approximation, asynchronous updates, and dynamic penalty adjustment. During berthing, a Stackelberg game is used to model ship-port energy trading. Case studies show that the proposed system reduces carbon emissions by 46.94% and total scheduling cost by 2.05%, while improving computational efficiency by 29.02%. The results demonstrate an economical, low-carbon, and scalable solution for ship energy management.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"977-988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-15DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3703910
Yuliang Cai;Qiang Wang;Lianyan Fu;Hongjing Liang;Qiang He
{"title":"Bipartite Fault-Tolerant Output Containment Control for Heterogeneous Linear Multiagent Systems Against DoS Attacks via the Dual-Terminal DETM","authors":"Yuliang Cai;Qiang Wang;Lianyan Fu;Hongjing Liang;Qiang He","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3703910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3703910","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the bipartite output containment control problem for heterogeneous linear multiagent systems with actuator failures, external disturbances, and denial-of-service attacks is addressed. To estimate the combined state of leaders, a distributed bipartite event-triggered observer is first designed. Then, the fault-tolerant event-triggered output feedback controller with adaptive gains is proposed to address the bipartite output containment problem. The frequency of communication and the number of controller updates can be decreased simultaneously via the dual-terminal dynamic event-triggered mechanism, which is defined at both the communication and control terminals. Moreover, in order to confirm that the established observer and controller are able to achieve the desired goals and to exclude Zeno behavior, the Lyapunov stability theory is utilized. Finally, the efficiency of the suggested control approach is demonstrated through three simulations.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"850-861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-08-12DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718751
Naeem Md Sami;Mia Naeini
{"title":"Graph Neural Network Framework for Line Status Prediction in Power Systems Cascading Failures","authors":"Naeem Md Sami;Mia Naeini","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718751","url":null,"abstract":"Cascading failures in power systems are complex, high-impact phenomena that can result in significant financial and societal impacts. Accurately predicting the severity of these cascades and the postcascade status of transmission lines early in the event can greatly aid in risk assessment and the formulation of effective mitigation strategies. Graph neural network (GNN)-based models are emerging as powerful tools for such predictive analyses in power systems due to their ability to capture topological relationships among system measurements. In this work, various GNN-based models are proposed to improve the prediction of transmission line statuses and overall cascade size using the initial cascade data. Performance evaluations on the IEEE 118-bus and 300-bus systems demonstrate that GNN-based models outperform the traditional machine learning models that do not incorporate topological information. In addition, the sensitivity of the proposed GNN-based models to noise in the initial cascade data is evaluated, highlighting the critical importance of accurate initial trigger information.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"1221-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Systems JournalPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-28DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3707828
Chaoyang Li;Bingfan Gao;Mianxiong Dong;Min Huang;Xiangjun Xin;Kaoru Ota
{"title":"PQPP: Postquantum Privacy Preserving for BIoMT With Lattice-Based Threshold Signcryption","authors":"Chaoyang Li;Bingfan Gao;Mianxiong Dong;Min Huang;Xiangjun Xin;Kaoru Ota","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3707828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3707828","url":null,"abstract":"The blockchain-based Internet of Medical Things (BIoMT) leverages blockchain technology to tackle data islands in traditional IoMT systems. However, in conventional medical data sharing architectures, the independent execution of encryption and signature operations increases the risk of privacy leakage and private key compromise, and many existing signcryption schemes cannot resist quantum attacks. In this article, a postquantum privacy-preserving (PQPP) model is constructed with a lattice-based threshold signcryption scheme (LTSC). The PQPP model integrates blockchain and LTSC to safeguard the privacy of cross-institutional medical data sharing while attaining antiquantum security. The LTSC scheme applies the threshold mechanism to improve the fault-tolerant capability of ciphertext recovery and performs signature and encryption simultaneously to improve computational and communication efficiency effectively. It also utilizes the small integer solution problem and the learning with errors problem to resist quantum attacks. Security analysis proves that the scheme has confidentiality, unforgeability, and threshold characteristics under the random oracle model. The time consumption, energy consumption, and key size of the proposed scheme were compared in a constrained environment. The performance evaluation shows that in various comparison scenarios, the LTSC scheme reduces the time costs of key generation, signcryption, and unsigncryption, and is also superior to other threshold and lattice-based signcryption schemes in terms of energy consumption, communication delay, and key storage costs. Therefore, the proposed PQPP model provides an efficient, fault-tolerant, and quantum-resistant privacy protection solution for the secure sharing of cross-institutional medical data in the BIoMT field.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"989-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}