IEEE Systems Journal最新文献_第2页

Drift-Adaptive Synchronization for Energy–Fidelity Tradeoffs in Digital Twin IoT Systems 数字孪生物联网系统能量保真度权衡的漂移自适应同步

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3715408

Md Salik Parwez;Uzma Zehra;Swathi Manjunatha;Pranit Manda

{"title":"Drift-Adaptive Synchronization for Energy–Fidelity Tradeoffs in Digital Twin IoT Systems","authors":"Md Salik Parwez;Uzma Zehra;Swathi Manjunatha;Pranit Manda","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3715408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3715408","url":null,"abstract":"Digital twin systems require continuous synchronization with distributed Internet of Things devices to maintain accurate representations of physical processes, but frequent updates incur significant energy and latency overhead. Conventional strategies rely on static parameters that do not adapt to time-varying dynamics, leading to inefficient resource usage or degraded fidelity. This article introduces a unified evaluation framework integrating energy consumption, reconstruction accuracy, and latency through the <italic>energy-aware twin update for networked environments</i> metric, and proposes a drift-adaptive synchronization mechanism that dynamically adjusts update thresholds based on observed signal drift. The energy model is grounded in the Si4460 transceiver hardware of the evaluation dataset, where transmission energy dominates the energy consumed during deep-sleep operation, validating the use of a per-transmission energy proxy across all policies. Evaluation on real-world crowd-sensing traces and synthetic workloads shows that the adaptive mechanism achieves favorable energy–fidelity–freshness tradeoffs under moderate dynamics and remains competitive across static and highly dynamic operating regimes. Age of Information (AoI) analysis further shows that the adaptive policy achieves the lowest mean staleness, reducing AoI by 55% relative to periodic synchronization. These results demonstrate that drift-adaptive synchronization provides an effective and lightweight solution for energy-efficient digital twin systems.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"1106-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Dual-Scale Digital Twin-Enabled System Architecture for Dynamic Resource Orchestration in Satellite Computing Networks 卫星计算网络中动态资源编排的双尺度数字双支持系统架构

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3704660

Zhenghuan Xu;Yang Jian;Zheng Quan;Tan Xiaobin

{"title":"A Dual-Scale Digital Twin-Enabled System Architecture for Dynamic Resource Orchestration in Satellite Computing Networks","authors":"Zhenghuan Xu;Yang Jian;Zheng Quan;Tan Xiaobin","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3704660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3704660","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite computing networks (SCNs) represent an emerging paradigm that integrates computational and storage capabilities into satellites, facilitating in-orbit data processing. This alleviates the downlink bottleneck over satellite–terrestrial links and enables the provision of ubiquitous, low-latency computing services. However, the management of the SCNs, given their constrained resources, high dynamics, and heterogeneous computing demands, ranging from latency-sensitive requests to compute-intensive task, remains a critical challenge. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel dual-scale digital twin (DDT-SCN) system architecture and management paradigm to implement a collaborative task processing framework. This framework deploys a full-scale digital twin (FDT) in a ground data center for global, strategic optimization and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model training, and a light-scale digital twin (LDT) distributed across satellites for real-time, low-latency decision-making. We introduce an incremental synchronization mechanism and a lightweight predictive model to enable the LDT to make robust, proactive decisions despite limited or delayed state information, with the FDT continually refining and transferring its global macropolicy as a compressed model to the LDT to guide local execution. Through comprehensive simulation analysis of a low Earth orbit satellite constellation, we demonstrate that DDT-SCN significantly reduces average task latency and concurrently improves the task success rate compared to conventional scheduling schemes, thereby validating its efficacy. Specifically, simulation results demonstrate that under high traffic loads (300 tasks/min), DDT-SCN maintains a task success rate of 97.7%, while concurrently reducing the average task latency by approximately 35% and communication overhead by 72.2% compared to conventional online DRL approaches.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"838-849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time-Shifting Methods for Estimating Microgrid Resilience 微电网弹性估计的时移方法

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3706441

Daniel Reich;Ford Knippa;Daniel Eisenberg;Ronald E. Giachetti;Giovanna Oriti;Douglas L. Van Bossuyt

引用次数: 0

Optimization Output Control of Distributed Lighting System Based on NSGA-II Method and MLP Network 基于NSGA-II方法和MLP网络的分布式照明系统优化输出控制

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3694478

Chenshuo Chang;Haoting Liu;Zhipeng Ye;Wenbo Hou;Qing Li

{"title":"Optimization Output Control of Distributed Lighting System Based on NSGA-II Method and MLP Network","authors":"Chenshuo Chang;Haoting Liu;Zhipeng Ye;Wenbo Hou;Qing Li","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3694478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3694478","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization of light source output control is a key challenge in intelligent lighting systems, involving the balance of light efficiency uniformity, shadow reduction, and glare management. This study proposes an innovative lighting output control method that integrates artificial neural networks (ANNs) with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for multiobjective optimization. First, an ANN model is developed to evaluate lighting performance indicators, including light efficiency index, shadow ratio, and glare ratio, across various light source configurations. Second, NSGA-II is employed to achieve multiobjective optimization, effectively balancing conflicting lighting performance criteria. Third, the computational efficiency of NSGA-II is enhanced by incorporating ANN-based rapid predictions, reducing the need for frequent fitness evaluations. Experimental results on the Jetson Xavier NX platform show that the proposed method improves the light efficiency index by 10.6%, reduces the shadow ratio by 69.3%, and decreases the glare ratio by 52.9%, significantly enhancing lighting efficiency while suppressing shadows and glare.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"602-612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vulnerability-Oriented Bilevel Planning for Carbon Emission Reduction in Distribution Networks With Photovoltaic and Energy Storage 基于脆弱性的光伏储能配电网碳减排双层规划

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3705728

Yuqi Ji;Zhang Xun;Ping He;Li Congshan;Tao Yukun;Zhao Hongfei

{"title":"Vulnerability-Oriented Bilevel Planning for Carbon Emission Reduction in Distribution Networks With Photovoltaic and Energy Storage","authors":"Yuqi Ji;Zhang Xun;Ping He;Li Congshan;Tao Yukun;Zhao Hongfei","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3705728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3705728","url":null,"abstract":"Under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the optimal configuration of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems holds significant importance for enhancing the grid vulnerability, economic efficiency, and carbon reduction in distribution networks. This article proposes a life cycle joint optimization configuration method for PV and energy storage systems, establishing a bilevel optimization model that incorporates grid vulnerability, carbon emissions, and improved line loss rate. The upper-level model aims to optimize the siting and capacity allocation of PV and energy storage systems with the objective of life cycle investment economy. The lower-level model conducts multiscenario time-series production simulation optimization for distribution networks, targeting grid vulnerability, line loss rate, and carbon emissions. To enhance solving efficiency, the K-means++ algorithm is adopted for PV typical day clustering, while the dung beetle optimizer algorithm and an improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined to achieve collaborative solving of the bilevel optimization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the economic efficiency of the PV-energy storage system, reduces carbon emissions and system vulnerability, and provides a novel approach for low-carbon and high-efficiency planning and operation of distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"814-825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributed Event-Triggered Secondary Control for AC Microgrids Subjected to Time Varying Delays and Directed Cyber-Switched Communications 时变延迟和定向网络交换通信下交流微电网的分布式事件触发二次控制

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710917

Masoud Zare Shahabadi;Hossein A. Abyaneh;Hajar Atrianfar;Amir Khorsandi

{"title":"Distributed Event-Triggered Secondary Control for AC Microgrids Subjected to Time Varying Delays and Directed Cyber-Switched Communications","authors":"Masoud Zare Shahabadi;Hossein A. Abyaneh;Hajar Atrianfar;Amir Khorsandi","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3710917","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing complexity of microgrids (MGs) due to cyber-switched communication topologies and network delays presents significant challenges to the performance of secondary controllers. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a novel distributed event-triggered control mechanism (DETCM) specifically designed for AC autonomous MGs operating under directed switching communication topologies and time varying network delays. The proposed methodology integrates advanced combined triggering conditions based on a Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability analysis. This enhancement not only accelerates convergence rates but also decreases the frequency of triggering events by up to 68<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula> when compared to traditional DETCMs. Furthermore, a sufficient condition is established to maintain a tolerable upper bound for all time delays, effectively preventing Zeno behavior. To validate the proposed control laws, we conducted hardware-in-the-loop experimental tests utilizing MATLAB's real-time simulation in conjunction with a Raspberry Pi as the embedded hardware controller. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithms in accurately regulating MG voltages and frequencies, achieving precise active power sharing, and effectively balancing the state of charge.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"918-929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Hierarchical Decoupled Multirobot Coordination Architecture for Unknown Environment Coverage 未知环境覆盖下的分层解耦多机器人协调体系

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3699548

Xuhao Wan;Yifei Cai;Fangfang Zhang;Jianbin Xin;Jinzhu Peng

{"title":"A Hierarchical Decoupled Multirobot Coordination Architecture for Unknown Environment Coverage","authors":"Xuhao Wan;Yifei Cai;Fangfang Zhang;Jianbin Xin;Jinzhu Peng","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3699548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3699548","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the limitations of myopic greedy decision-making, frequent local coordination conflicts, and excessive redundant motion in conventional multirobot coverage (MRC) planning for unknown grid environments—tasks that are vital in applications from fire monitoring to automated cleaning—this article proposes a hierarchical decoupled multirobot coordination architecture (HDMCA) for efficient MRC with robust task allocation and conflict handling. At the macro level, a central, lightweight coordinator operates on a shared cognitive map and employs a connected-component workload quantification scheme to elevate task assignment from discrete cells to topologically coherent regions, enabling proactive decoupling of robot intents and dynamic region reallocation under failures or severe workload imbalance. At the micro level, each robot runs a unified utility-driven controller that integrates boustrophedon-style sweeping, global precise coverage, fine-grained residual clean-up, and exploratory escape behaviors, together with a negotiation-based collision-avoidance mechanism grounded in a concession-cost quantification rule to resolve local conflicts in high-density scenarios. Compared with existing monolithic or purely decentralized planners, the proposed HDMCA explicitly separates strategic region planning from tactical motion control, supporting scalable operation and conditional completeness under the stated assumptions. Simulation results on benchmark unknown environments show that HDMCA achieves complete coverage with a repetition ratio of 0.08, while reducing the total distance by approximately 4.4% and 16.9% compared with distributed complete coverage path planning (CCPP) and boustrophedon and backtracking (BOB), respectively, and maintaining practical execution times. A real-robot test on a physical platform further confirms the feasibility of the generated paths under practical motion constraints.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"736-746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SIVR-VIF: System-Level Source-End Inertial Measurement Unit and Visual Reconstruction for Visual–Inertial Fusion SIVR-VIF：系统级源端惯性测量单元和视觉-惯性融合的视觉重建

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3714032

Chuanxiang Wang;Silin Guo;Benkuan Wang;Bo Chen;Ting Yang;Datong Liu

{"title":"SIVR-VIF: System-Level Source-End Inertial Measurement Unit and Visual Reconstruction for Visual–Inertial Fusion","authors":"Chuanxiang Wang;Silin Guo;Benkuan Wang;Bo Chen;Ting Yang;Datong Liu","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3714032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3714032","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable visual–inertial navigation is essential for autonomous uncrewed aerial vehicle flight in global-positioning-system-denied environments. However, source measurements on low-cost platforms often suffer from coupled inertial and visual degradation. High-frequency noise from the inertial measurement units accumulates during preintegration and enlarges short-term relative motion errors. Low illumination and weak texture reduce feature tracking quality and visual geometric constraints, thereby weakening the correction of global trajectory drift. To address these coupled errors, this study proposes a system-level source-end inertial and visual reconstruction method for visual–inertial fusion. The method jointly optimizes the inertial and image streams before they enter the back-end estimator, without changing the estimator itself. On the inertial side, dual-quaternion-guided resampling, spline reconstruction, and manifold projection suppress high-frequency disturbances in a unified rigid-body motion representation, reducing local relative motion errors. On the visual side, illumination-gated enhancement and grayscale-adaptive super-resolution recover contrast and high-frequency structures in low-light and weak-texture images, strengthening the visual correction of global drift. Experiments on the EuRoC dataset show that the proposed method reduces the macro-average global trajectory error by 5.9%, with a maximum per-sequence reduction of 14.3%, and reduces the average local relative error by about 7.5%. The front-end processing speed remains above 18 frames per second. These results indicate that source-end bimodal reconstruction can improve visual–inertial localization accuracy with low system intrusion and basic feasibility for online deployment.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"1001-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergency Coordination of Water Pumps and Pump-as-Turbine Units for Resilient Water-Power Systems 弹性水电系统中水泵和水泵即水轮机机组的应急协调

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718353

Javad Najafi;Demetris G. Eliades;Mathaios Panteli

{"title":"Emergency Coordination of Water Pumps and Pump-as-Turbine Units for Resilient Water-Power Systems","authors":"Javad Najafi;Demetris G. Eliades;Mathaios Panteli","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3718353","url":null,"abstract":"Leveraging alternative energy sources and load flexibility in interconnected infrastructures can enhance the recovery of power distribution networks (PDNs) during low-probability, high-impact events. This study proposes an emergency coordination framework between PDNs and water distribution networks (WDNs) that co-optimizes water pumps as flexible loads and pumps-as-turbines (PATs), as distributed energy sources through strategic pressure management. The framework consists of three steps: 1) PDN shares the restoration start time and emergency duration with WDN; 2) WDN schedules pumps and PATs by solving two pressure-minimizing hydraulic optimization subproblems and reports the resulting power profiles to the PDN; 3) PDN solves a mixed integer linear programming to maximize prioritized load restoration using the provided information, microgrids formation, and tie-line operation, and then signals whether to implement the WDN schedule. Case studies on the IEEE 33-bus PDN integrated with the NET3 WDN demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness. Across scenarios with varying line outages and emergency durations, coordinated operation increases average restored active loads from 33.31% (without coordination) to 39.58% (with coordination), and to 40.03% when a PAT supplies 10.60 kW on average. Correspondingly, WDN pressure satisfaction adjusts from 100% to 96.77% and 94.76%, highlighting the importance of explicit resilience tradeoff analysis.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"1165-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognition and Impact Evaluation of Dust UTXO Transaction Fee Behaviors on the Bitcoin Blockchain 粉尘UTXO交易费行为对比特币区块链的识别与影响评价

IF 4.9 3区计算机科学

IEEE Systems Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3702613

Yean-Fu Wen;Kai-Lun Chang;Li-Chen Cheng

{"title":"Recognition and Impact Evaluation of Dust UTXO Transaction Fee Behaviors on the Bitcoin Blockchain","authors":"Yean-Fu Wen;Kai-Lun Chang;Li-Chen Cheng","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2026.3702613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2026.3702613","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of cryptocurrency networks like Bitcoin has led to the accumulation of dust unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs with low value, where transaction fees may exceed their worth. It poses a critical challenge to the Bitcoin ecosystem. This study utilizes transaction data analysis and mining techniques to examine the potential impact of dust UTXOs—sent to various address script types (e.g., P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH, P2WSH, P2TR, and other Legacy and segregated witness scripts used in Bitcoin system)—on the transaction fees incurred by dust transactions in subsequent transactions. The transaction load level of the memory pool determines the fee rate multiplier. The analysis shows that if users inadvertently spend dust UTXOs in subsequent transactions, the resulting increase in transaction size and fee rates can substantially raise costs and further strain network resources. This study also identifies significant variations in cost impacts and effects on transaction fee dynamics across different script types under dust UTXO scenarios. To address this, we propose a transaction fee behavior evaluation mechanism tailored to various address script types. This mechanism quantifies the additional transaction costs imposed by dust UTXOs and evaluates the cost-benefit ratio of dust-generating entities to assess their potential impact on other network participants. Analysis of real Bitcoin transaction data indicates that as dust transactions accumulate, the overall impact on transaction fee multipliers is far greater than the effect of a single dust UTXO or address type on an individual account. According to the tracked transaction records, fees influenced by dust transactions increase on average by approximately 3.56 times.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"20 3","pages":"705-716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0