Tao Zhao, Shijie Zhang, Jiajun Yang, Haofan Lin, Bowen Wang, Zhi Yang
{"title":"Enhancing the monitoring capability of acoustic measurement points: An optimization method for the layout of acoustic measurement points for low-frequency transformers","authors":"Tao Zhao, Shijie Zhang, Jiajun Yang, Haofan Lin, Bowen Wang, Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12230","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The acoustic signals in the operation of low-frequency transformer have the state information of the body, which can be monitored online by arranging acoustic measuring points. An optimization method for the layout of acoustic measuring points for low-frequency transformers is proposed in this study. First, a model of the low-frequency transformer acoustic field is constructed by measuring the environmental size of the transformer acoustic field. Then, the virtual acoustic source measured by the transformer acoustic signal is input into the model, and the time-varying acoustic pressure in the acoustic field is calculated. Finally, the spectral correlation coefficients between the acoustic signals at the candidate measurement points and the virtual acoustic sources are calculated to evaluate and improve the layout of the measurement points for the low-frequency transformer. The method in this study was used to improve the layout of acoustic measurement points for the low-frequency transformer in the frequency conversion station in Hangzhou. The results show that the method can effectively evaluate the monitoring ability of the acoustic measurement points on the overall acoustic state of the transformer in different positions. The study provides a reference for the layout optimization of the acoustic online monitoring device for low-frequency transformers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han-Hien Lin, Tzu-Hao Ho, Wei-Yen Chang, Chung-Wei Kuo
{"title":"Design and application of novel stripline for IC-EMC characteristic measurement","authors":"Han-Hien Lin, Tzu-Hao Ho, Wei-Yen Chang, Chung-Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12228","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has introduced the IEC 61967-8 stripline measurement method for the measurement of radiated emissions in integrated circuits (ICs). This method stipulates that the stripline's voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) must be less than 1.25 within the frequency range of 150 kHz to 3 GHz. The established IEC 61967-8 stripline measurement method can accurately identify the location of EMI in an IC and hence mitigation measure can be effectively implemented. In this work, the IC stripline design is adapted for ICs with various functions and applications with the aid of Ansys HFSS 3D full-wave simulations and actual measurements to study the impedance and reflection characteristics of IC striplines on test boards. A novel IC stripline structure design process is proposed to enhance the VSWR performance of IC striplines. Subsequently, a novel IC stripline has been fabricated and tested using the IEC 61967-8 stripline measurement method. The designed novel IC stripline demonstrated compliance with IEC 61987-8 specification and the measurement results showed consistency with the simulation results. The works can benefit the promotion of high frequency circuit design and the development of testing process and in turn, enabled the improvement of the reliability and performance of the designed products.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential-sampling control algorithm and theoretical analysis for programmable-Josephson-voltage-standard traceability application","authors":"Xiaodong Yin, Qi Nie, Xiaofei Li, Feng Zhou, Haoliang Hu, Feitong Zeng","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) provides a new way and higher accuracy for the traceability of traditional measurement standards. To improve the applicability and reduce the uncertainty of the PJVS, a PJVS-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) scheme for the alternating-current (AC) voltage measurement is proposed and the theoretical error model is derived based on discrete Fourier transform. The influence of the amplitude and phase error of the AC voltage is simulated; an adaptive differential-sampling control algorithm is proposed to control the relative amplitude and phase between the AC voltage and PJVS voltage, improving the error of the PJVS-based ADC. Furthermore, the authors obtained the exponential decay algorithm error curve that varies with phase error and the M-shaped variation curve with sampling error by simulation and a PJVS-based ADC with different sampling DVM, which provides possibilities for optimizing the measurement error of the PJVS-based ADC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian M. Llop Recha, Dag T. Wisland, Tor S. Lande, Kristian G. Kjelgård
{"title":"Modelling of differential probing analysis for biomedical dielectric spectroscopy","authors":"Adrian M. Llop Recha, Dag T. Wisland, Tor S. Lande, Kristian G. Kjelgård","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transcutaneous microwave dielectric spectroscopy holds promise as a modality for non-invasive subcutaneous biomarker monitoring, such as blood glucose levels. Experimental studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between blood glucose concentration and blood permittivity using microwave signals. However, the sample volume of interest, blood vessels, is located underneath skin layers where the microwave signal interaction with other surrounding biomaterials is accumulated. Here, a computational study of the proposed method to mitigate the contribution of unwanted tissue and thereby increase the specificity of subcutaneous spectroscopy, using differential probing analysis (DPA), is presented. By exploiting the relationship between the diameter of an open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) and the size of its protruding electric field, two OCPs with different sizes can sense different volumes beneath the skin. The proposed method computationally subtracts the effect of unwanted tissue, estimated with the smaller probe, from the effective contribution of both blood and unwanted tissue with the larger one. The method is validated by using simulated models and data from the full wave software CST Studio Suite across frequencies ranging from 1 to 10 GHz, achieving errors comparable to state-of-the-art techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards winding deformation assessment from vibration signals using an optical sensor","authors":"Najmeh Seifaddini, Bekibenan Sekongo, Issouf Fofana, Simplice Akre, Abdellah Chehri, Mohand Ouhrouche","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the era of Industry 4.0, there is a growing emphasis on the digitization of electrical networks. Over recent decades, the integration of interconnected digital technologies, including sensors and communication systems, within electrical substations has emerged as a significant driver. Consequently, there is an increasing need for precise online monitoring of critical assets such as power transformers to enhance grid reliability. This study utilizes an optical-based Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor to capture vibration signals from a custom-designed single-phase transformer model, specifically developed for experimental purposes. This model offers a unique advantage with its ability to interchangeably simulate healthy and distorted winding sections without causing damage. Using a high current source, the laboratory model was subjected to three different current levels across six distinct configurations to monitor winding displacements. The results from this investigation highlight the FBG sensor's capability to accurately distinguish between healthy and distorted winding sections. Furthermore, this feasibility study represents a significant step forward in the online mechanical assessment of transformer windings, moving away from traditional methods that require transformers to be taken out of service for inspection. This innovative approach shows considerable potential for implementing effective real-time monitoring of winding deformation in power transformers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fast hysteresis analysis based on neural network and play model","authors":"Takuto Jibiki, Hajime Igarashi","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a fast hysteresis loss analysis method based on neural network, which predicts the hysteresis loss from the waveform of the magnetic flux density in a magnetic core. The hysteresis loss data used to train the neural network is computed using the play model which can accurately account for hysteresis characteristics such as minor loops and DC bias. The proposed method can perform loss analysis 2,000 times faster than conventional methods. The proposed method is highly effective when harmonic components are superimposed on the input waveforms and when loss analysis is performed for a large number of different waveforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced order modelling method for electromagnetic analysis of electrical machines","authors":"Bilquis Mohamodhosen, Christopher Riley, Dan Ilea","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a workflow to create a reduced order model for the electromagnetic analysis of electrical machines over its operating range so that the stator forces can be exported for mechanical analysis. A permanent magnet synchronous motor developed within the EDISON (Electric Drivetrain Integration by Simulation and OptimizatioN) project is used as a model to validate the workflow. The response surface model approximation method is used to generate the reduced order model, which is then validated by comparing with the results from finite element analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruimiao Wang, Xiaowei Fan, Haifeng Yang, Guangde Dong, Yi Yang, Jingang Wang
{"title":"Multi-timescale optimal scheduling of microgrids for generating new energy output scenarios based on correction error sampling intervals","authors":"Ruimiao Wang, Xiaowei Fan, Haifeng Yang, Guangde Dong, Yi Yang, Jingang Wang","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microgrid can realize energy saving and emission reduction and multi-energy complementation, but the fluctuation of renewable energy output and the error of day-ahead scheduling will threaten the stability of microgrid operation. For this reason, this article proposes a microgrid multi-timescale optimal scheduling method based on new energy output scenario generation. First, the microgrid framework of this article is introduced, and an energy cycle emission reduction model taking into account electricity-to-gas conversion is designed; second, a new energy prediction error model is established based on the prediction box and Gaussian hybrid model, and the scenario of wind and photovoltaic power generation is generated by correcting the sampling intervals for error sampling; and then, based on the day-ahead scheduling plan, an intraday cooling, heating and electricity two-layer rolling optimization model is established to correct the day-ahead scenario. Finally, the example analysis shows that the cyclic emission reduction model can realize the recycling of resources, reduce the fuel cost and carbon emission, and the generation of scenarios for wind power can smooth out the fluctuation of new energy power, which, together with the intra-day two-layer rolling optimization, can reduce the day-ahead scheduling error and improve the stability of microgrid operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"598-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunyang Jiang, Shengguo Xia, Feng Zhou, Xiaodong Yin, Bolun Du
{"title":"An online method for identifying metering relative errors in wide-area interconnection CVTs using PMU measurements, SDP graphs, and ResNet50-L1M","authors":"Chunyang Jiang, Shengguo Xia, Feng Zhou, Xiaodong Yin, Bolun Du","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an online identification method utilizing phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements, symmetric dot pattern (SDP) graphs, and the ResNet50-L1 M model to facilitate the rapid identification of metering relative errors among interconnected capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs) in wide-area substations within power systems. First, PMUs measured the three-phase voltage data from interconnected CVTs across wide-area substations. The amplitude differences of the three-phase voltages were converted into Euclidean distances, which were then transformed into SDP graphs, with each type of metering relative error corresponding to a distinct SDP graph. The ResNet50-L1 M model was established by integrating an L1 norm-based attention mechanism into the ResNet50 architecture. This model was then trained on CVT SDP graphs representing various error states to develop an online error identification system. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated based on data from the “Houshou transmission line” in Ningxia province, which connects the 330 kV Niushoushan substation and the 330 kV Houqiao substation operated by the State Grid Corporation of China. With 16 different error states tested, the model achieved an identification accuracy rate of 89.39%, demonstrating a notable improvement over other methods in comparative tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In situ monitoring of defects in steel structures using a robot-assisted ultrasonic inspection technique","authors":"Hamidreza Besharatifard, Saeed Hasanzadeh","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Incidents in extreme environments can bring unprecedented consequences that would endanger the lives of many humans. Real-time and early detection of cracks and defects in the steel used for the construction of industrial sites can bring many benefits to remote operators and site managers. Although different methods and systems have been proposed in the past, they are not suitable for real-time fault detection or long-term operation in harsh environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a low-power robotic platform with a magnetic actuator mechanism which is capable of wireless inspection of steel structures using the ultrasonic method. The proposed magnetic motion uses the inertia force generated by the piston vibration and the difference in frictional force during movement. The paper evaluates the performance of the steel structure defect detection system from four different perspectives: sensing principle, wireless communication network, driving part, and power supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"578-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}