Iet Science Measurement & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Design of non-contact capacitive displacement detection methods for magnetic levitated sphere","authors":"Xing Huang,&nbsp;Guoxiang Hua,&nbsp;Weiwei Li,&nbsp;Jiyuan Yan","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To meet the demand for non-contact displacement detection of magnetic levitation spheres, single-ended and differential variable electrode distance capacitance displacement detection schemes are designed in this paper. For these two schemes, finite element simulation models are established in COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain the relationship between the test capacitance and the displacement of the magnetic levitation sphere. In the single-ended scheme, there is a non-linear relationship between the test capacitance and the position of the levitated sphere, and this non-linearity becomes more significant as the sphere moves away from the electrode plate. In contrast, in the differential scheme, the test capacitance and the displacement of the levitated sphere follow a linear relationship, but the test sensitivity decreases with the expansion of the measuring range. The simulation results of the differential scheme have been verified by building a spherical displacement detection simulator, and thanks to the mature development of capacitive detection circuits, the scheme is expected to achieve better than nanoscale displacement detection resolution in the 6.6 mm displacement range of a magnetic levitation sphere in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"556-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in computational electromagnetics: Selected extended papers from the International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) 2023","authors":"Cris Emson","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is my great pleasure to be editing this special section of the IET Science, Measurement and Technology (SMT) to include some representative papers from the recent CEM Conference which took place in Cannes, France on 11–14 April 2023.</p><p>The International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics (CEM) has been the flagship bi-annual event of the Electromagnetics TPN since 1992, but this is the first time it has been run independently from the IET (although we are pleased that they continued to co-sponsored the event). This was the 11th Conference in the series, and as with previous events, it provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of research into computational techniques for solving problems in electromagnetics, with a focus on aspects and applications of numerical modelling based on these techniques.</p><p>The technical scope of the conference series includes Techniques of Computational Electromagnetics, Numerical Methods, plus Applications of Computational Electromagnetics. Both low and high-frequency fields were covered, as well as electromagnetic hazards and EMC, and the use of CEM in Education.</p><p>More information is available on the Conference web site: www.cem2025.com and we look forward to seeing you in Bruges in 2025.</p><p></p><p>Dr. Cris Emson studied electronic engineering at Hull University, and received his Bachelor's degree with Honours in 1977. Since then he has obtained a Master's degree in Microwave and Communications Engineering from Leeds University, and a Ph.D. from the University of Wales Swansea on special finite element techniques for unbounded electromagnetic propagation problems.</p><p>In 1982 he joined the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory to develop numerical methods for modelling three-dimensional eddy current problems, and after its formation he joined Vector Fields Ltd, developing software packages for 3D eddy current and high-frequency analyses. In 2004 he moved to the USA to take over as Vice-President of Vector Fields Inc.</p><p>On returning to the UK in 2007 he joined Infolytica Europe. Following the acquisition of the Infolytica software by Mentor (a Siemens Business) in 2017, he took the European arm of the company and changed its name to Infologic Design Ltd, to continue with the sales and support of the electromagnetic software and related services.</p><p>He has published over 90 technical papers and reports, mainly in the areas of eddy current modelling and special techniques for computational modelling. He has also been actively involved with the IET (formerly IEE) for many years and is a past Chairman of the Science and Engineering Technology Board. He has been a member of the organising committee of each IEE CEM Conference since the second, held in 1994.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"453-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process deviation detection method for dry-type air-core reactor based on power factor frequency characteristics","authors":"Yonghong Wang,&nbsp;Xingyu Ge,&nbsp;Yu Zhuang,&nbsp;Zihe Meng,&nbsp;Chunming Zhao","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the problem that the process deviation of dry-type air-core reactors cannot be effectively detected, electrical parameters of reactor are numerically analysed at different frequencies. A new method of process deviation detection by the power factor frequency characteristic is proposed. Considering on-site power frequency interference, a harmonic analysis method is proposed, which is based on the integer multiple of the power frequency cycle, to calculate the power factor. The results show that the resistance loss remains relatively constant at power frequency and gradually increases at higher frequencies with the number of deviation turns increases. The eddy current loss remains basically unchanged at different turn deviations and frequencies. The change laws of resistance loss and the resistance loss power factor are the same. In a double logarithmic coordinate system, resistance loss power factor changes from linear to non-linear. The non-linearity degree can be used to detect the process deviation. The test results are consistent with the theory, and the correctness of the detection method is verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"564-577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of failures in HV surge arrester using chaos pattern with deep learning neural network","authors":"Chun-Chun Hung,&nbsp;Meng-Hui Wang,&nbsp;Shiue-Der Lu,&nbsp;Cheng-Chien Kuo","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a protective component of HV equipment, the primary function of a surge arrester is to mitigate the impact of surge voltages. When a surge arrester fails, the equipment it protects becomes vulnerable to damage. This study integrates chaotic systems with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to diagnose faults in HV surge arresters. The Partial Discharge (PD) test was initially performed on six HV surge arrester fault models. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was performed for filtering the PD signals. Subsequently, the Chen-Lee chaotic system converted the filtered PD signals into a dynamic error scatter diagram, creating a feature map of various fault states. This feature map was then used as the input layer to train the CNN model. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN achieved an accuracy of 97.0%, outperforming AlexNet and traditional methods using Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). This study also incorporates the LabVIEW graphic control software with a fault diagnosis system for HV surge arresters. The PD data can identify the fault type in real-time, enhancing power equipment maintenance efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"534-546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of inclination angle on the pollution flashover voltage of contaminated silicone rubber","authors":"Hailiang Lu,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Yirui Zhang,&nbsp;Keren Shao,&nbsp;Wenhua Wu,&nbsp;Hu Zhang,&nbsp;Tian Yuan,&nbsp;Chun Li,&nbsp;Xishan Wen,&nbsp;Lei Lan","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>V-shaped composite insulator strings exhibit excellent resistance to pollution and wind deviation, resulting in their widespread use in transmission lines. The correlation between inclination angle of the shed surface and pollution flashover voltage can reflect the pollution flashover characteristics of V-shaped composite insulator strings. Therefore, the relationship between inclination angle and pollution flashover voltage was studied through artificial pollution testing methods, and the relationship between inclination angle and degree of wetting was studied using the method of adding water to increase weight. The results of this study indicated that as the inclination angle increased within the range of 0°–180°, the degree of wetting on the surface of contaminated silicone rubber gradually decreased, whereas the pollution flashover voltage continuously increased. A model of water droplet collision and wetting on the surface of contaminated silicone rubber at different inclination angles was established. This model revealed that the gravity-induced difference in the wetting states of the surface of contaminated silicone rubber under different inclination angles was responsible for the variation in pollution flashover voltages, with the maximum variation being 116.52%. The results of this study can inform the design and operation of V-shaped composite insulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"547-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal domain adaptation for machinery fault diagnosis based on multi-scale dual attention network and entropy-based clustering","authors":"Chun-Yao Lee,&nbsp;Guang-Lin Zhuo","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, data-driven cross-domain fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery have been successfully developed. However, most existing diagnostic methods assume that the label spaces of the source and target domains are the same. In practice, the relationship between the label space of the source domain and the target domain is unknown, that is, the universal domain adaptation (UDA) problem. Existing overall domain distribution alignment methods are less effective in facing UDA problems. Thus, this article proposes a deep learning-based UDA model. First, the proposed model combines multi-scale learning and dual attention block, which can improve the capability to extract effective features. Then, an entropy optimization strategy is introduced to promote target domain sample clustering without prior knowledge. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified on a public dataset of rotating machinery. The results show that the proposed method outperforms six existing cross-domain fault diagnosis methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"522-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotating machine bearing health prognosis using a data driven approach based on KS-density and BiLSTM","authors":"Houssem Habbouche,&nbsp;Tarak Benkedjouh,&nbsp;Yassine Amirat,&nbsp;Mohamed Benbouzid","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rolling element bearings are vital components within rotating machinery, making them a central focus of maintenance in the prognostics and health management sector. This involves closely monitoring their condition to accurately predict the remaining useful life, increasing reliability while minimizing unexpected breakdowns, thereby enabling cost savings through planned maintenance, and enhancing operational stability and security. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to build an online intelligent system for degradation monitoring and failure prognosis by the construction of a robust health indicator and making quantitative measure for bearing degradation. In this paper, an efficient and reliable approach is proposed to estimate the remaining useful life of bearing. A new prediction method is presented by the combination of kernel smoothing density (KS-density) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). Firstly, KS-density smoothens the preliminarily estimated probability distribution function using machinery degradation data. Secondly, the obtained KS-density is used in feed deep learning technique based on BiLSTM models. On this basis, the variation of the signal distribution models between the current faulty state and the normal conditions state is quantified for bearing health assessment. The effective recognition of bearing degradation by the proposed Weibull-based health index is demonstrated through experimental validations utilizing run-to-failure datasets, provided by the centre for intelligent maintenance systems. The comparison with the literature's review show that the prediction results of the proposed approach are more accurate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved BRISK-FREAK-based algorithm combined with LSD algorithm for complex pointer meter identification","authors":"Zhiniu Xu,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wu,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu,&nbsp;Lina Zhao,&nbsp;Lijuan Zhao,&nbsp;Shipeng Song,&nbsp;Ruilei Cui","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12204","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To locate and read the complex pointer meter dial for the images with uneven illumination, blurred dial, and tilted dial, this paper firstly proposes an improved BRISK-FREAK algorithm for dial position. Then, combined with the Line Segment Detector (LSD) algorithm, an automatic identification method for complex pointer meter is proposed. The dial of a large number of SF₆ complex pressure pointer meter images are located and the results reveal that the proposed improved BRISK-FREAK algorithm has good adaptability under strong interference. The computational speed of the proposed algorithm is 33% and 17% higher than the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm and the Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) algorithm respectively. The positioning success rate of the proposed algorithm is 40%, 64%, and 32% higher than that of the SIFT, Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) and BRISK algorithms respectively. The reading success rate of the proposed method is 94.5%, which is 19.5%, 39.9% and 14.8% higher than that of the methods based on the ORB, SIFT and BRISK algorithms respectively. It is particularly suitable for application in the actual substations to realize the identification of complex pointer meters.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"471-480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite difference delay modelling for analysis of shielding effectiveness of perforated conductive enclosure","authors":"Ali Kalantarnia,&nbsp;Siavash Rajabi,&nbsp;Abdollah Mirzabeigi","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12210","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces finite difference delay modelling (FDDM) for computing the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a conductive enclosure with an aperture against electromagnetic pulses. FDDM offers optimal accuracy and stability for analysing complex structures. The time domain electric field integral equation (TD-EFIE) for the conductive enclosure is derived by imposing boundary conditions on the perfect electrical conductor (PEC) surface in the Laplace domain. Time discretization is based on finite differences, and the Laplace-to-Z transform mapping is utilized. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is employed to expedite the FDDM solution process. Both frequency domain shielding effectiveness (FD-SE) and time domain shielding effectiveness (TD-SE) are evaluated using this approach. Finally, to validate the accuracy of the proposed method, results are compared with simulations using CST-MWS software and the frequency domain moment method.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"503-511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for surge arrester placement in high-voltage substations considering environmental effects","authors":"Faridoddin Safaei,&nbsp;Mohsen Niasati","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12208","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional approaches for determining the optimal locations of surge arresters (SAs) can result in an unnecessary increase in the number of these devices in high-voltage substations. This study presents an effective technique for determining the optimal locations of SAs. The lightning back flashover (BF) and switching over-voltages are predicted with the accurate modeling of the transient behavior of all elements of high-voltage substations and transmission lines, considering the effect of environmental conditions. Also, the proposed limiting parameter Monte Carlo (MC-LP) method is utilized to correctly select the probability distribution of the possible strokes for predicting the insulation risk (IR) of a transformer based on transient over-voltage on the transformer end. Therefore, the most appropriate location to install an SA can be determined with a minimum number of calculations using the structural data of the substation, lines connected to it, and the transformer. Simulations are based on experimental results, and the number of calculations significantly decreases using the proposed algorithm. Simulations of the sample network and implementation of the proposed algorithm with MATLAB and EMTP-RV prove the efficiency of the proposed method for optimum SA placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":"18 9","pages":"481-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}