{"title":"Rolling bearing weak fault detection using transient structure-optimal VMD and adaptive group sparse coding","authors":"Xing Yuan, Hui Liu, Huijie Zhang","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12170","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rolling bearings are essential parts in machine equipment and detecting damage in the early stage is crucial for ensuring the safe production and machine life. However, it is difficult to extract weak fault features under strong background noise, discrete harmonic frequency interference and non-stationary service conditions. This investigation proposes a hybrid fault diagnosis approach utilizing transient structure-optimal variational mode decomposition (TS-OVMD) and adaptive group sparse coding (AGSC) for addressing the formidable problem. According to the singular value structure between transient signal and the interference signal, this work investigates the singular value shrinkage (SVS) technique to adaptively obtain the independent components number. Then, we present a transient structure measure (TSM) to adaptively optimize the balance factor. This measure index systematically quantifies the typical characteristics of the bearing fault signal, which can maximize the fault information representation and effectively reduces the useful information loss caused by improper selection of VMD parameters. Finally, a sparse coding model called AGSC is furthermore designed to enhance the fault impulses readability and suppress residual noise based on the sparsity within group property and the TSM. The proposed approach is verified using experimental data and is found to be superiority comparison with the state-of-the-art method.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a multiparameter data acquisition and control system for in situ seabed observation base stations","authors":"Chao Zhong, Jing'an Lu, Dongju Kang, Qianyong Liang","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12169","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the exploration, development, and research of deep-sea resources, there is an urgent need for long-term and continuous observation data of the deep-sea seabed boundary layer. The traditional method of deep-sea seabed survey and sampling based on scientific research vessels has the discontinuity of observation data in space and time scales. There are some problems in the seabed in situ observation method based on the seabed observation network for low mobility and high operation and maintenance costs, restricting the in-depth understanding of the dynamic change process of the deep-sea floor. To solve the above problems, an open and modular data acquisition control system was designed based on an embedded system and signal processing technology. In terms of the physical, chemical, geological, and ecosystem characteristics of the seafloor or near the seafloor boundary layer, various functional sensors and instrumentation were matched to form an independent underwater integrated measurement or experimental device, eventually realizing in situ multiparameter and long-time series observations of the seafloor. The system data acquisition and control test were completed through laboratory experiments, which verified the feasibility of the system design. The research showed important theoretical and technical reference significance for the exploration and development of resources in the submarine boundary layer and the promotion of deep-sea scientific research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanwen Ren, Siyang Zhao, Jian Mu, Haoyu Gao, Tianrun Qi, Zhiyun Han, Zhihui Li, Qingmin Li
{"title":"Equivalent transmission line characterization and multi-layer material measurement analysis of the signal conversion process in the pulsed electro-acoustic method","authors":"Hanwen Ren, Siyang Zhao, Jian Mu, Haoyu Gao, Tianrun Qi, Zhiyun Han, Zhihui Li, Qingmin Li","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12168","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the equivalent transmission line model of the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method with its applications. Based on the consistency of acoustic wave behaviour inside lossy acoustic materials and voltage wave propagation in transmission line, an equivalent simulation model of the PEA system is developed, whose reliability is verified by the output from the transducer and amplifier models and the comparison with measured waveforms. For the problem of acoustic impedance mismatch between different modules, simulation indicates that the unequal impedances of semiconducting electrode and sample can affect the amplitude of the measured signal at the upper electrode side, and the reflected acoustic waves caused by the transducer can affect the charge waveform. Further simulation for multi-layer materials finds that the reflected acoustic waves of different samples and sound absorbing module can superimpose on the charge signal. Accordingly, a selection criterion is proposed to avoid the effect of the reflected waves at the interface. As for the acoustic reflection caused by internal charge, it needs to be dealt with sequentially in calibration process, starting from the result inside the sample near ground electrode. The research can provide a foundation for analyzing the acoustic properties of the PEA method.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Reza Sadredini, Alireza Nikfarjam, Mohsen Naeimi Pour, Niloofar Nazeri
{"title":"Intensity modulation of UV light in gas sensor array to discriminate several analytes at room temperature","authors":"Ahmad Reza Sadredini, Alireza Nikfarjam, Mohsen Naeimi Pour, Niloofar Nazeri","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12167","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a gas sensor array along with intensity modulation of UV light was utilized to discriminate several gases at room temperature. The sensor array was consisted of two interdigitated microelectrodes and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofibres were electrospun on them and calcined at 540°C for 90 min. One of these sensors was coated by 2-nm Pt using the DC sputtering method and the other one remained uncoated. In each experiment, the sensor array was located at a distance of 30 mm from a 365-nm UV LED. For intensity modulation of UV light, a staircase waveform voltage was applied to the UV LED. The voltage was included of three voltage steps and the measured powers at a distance of 30 mm from the UV-LED were about 450, 560, and 680 µW/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Analytes including acetone, ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, and carbon monoxide (CO) at various concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ppm were examined. Three-dimensional Principal Component Analysis mapping was successfully used for the segregation of all examined gases. The examinations revealed that using sensor array along with intensity modulation of UV light is an effective method for discrimination of several analytes at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synchronous switching of uncompensated transmission line, by considering the effect of coupling voltage between the phases, trapped charge and the characteristics of CB","authors":"Alireza Karimonnafs","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12164","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The synchronous closing technology is an effective way to reduce transient current and voltage, prevent equipment failures, and improve power quality. The proposed algorithm, first by considering the coupling voltages between phases and the residual voltages in an uncompensated transmission line, calculates the zero instant of the voltage curves (ZVC instant) across the poles of the circuit breaker (CB) that is ideally the optimum instant to close the CB. Although other studies have utilized ZVC detection by solely considering either coupling or residual voltages. Secondly, the algorithm seeks to account for the mechanical scattering time of the CB and the rate of decrease of dielectric strength (RDDS) by incorporating delay times into the previously calculated delay values. Although other works have investigated the effect of RDDS or mechanical scattering operation time on synchronous switching to some extent, they have not fulfilled any optimization taking both of them into account.By exerting this algorithm, each phase of CB is closed in the ideal optimum closing target (ZVC instant) with a maximum error of one sample, and then, taking into account the CB characteristics, by compensating the RDDS and mechanical scattering time, CB is energized in the optimal time interval, where pre-strike voltages are minimized.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Zhang, Lei Sun, Wensen Wang, Yanhua Han, Lu Pu, Jingfeng Wu, Hao Wu
{"title":"Intelligent monitoring of EHV transformer bushing based on multi-parameter composite sensing technology","authors":"Lu Zhang, Lei Sun, Wensen Wang, Yanhua Han, Lu Pu, Jingfeng Wu, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to monitor the state of bushing online, an intelligent monitoring system for transformer bushing was developed. A four-in-one sensor integrating hydrogen sensing technology using palladium nickel alloy, pressure sensing technology, wide range temperature sensing, and micro water measurement technology was developed. A three-in-one integrated sensor based on micro current detection technology was developed to realize online monitoring of bushing dielectric loss, capacitance, and partial discharge. The test results show the hydrogen measurement range of sensor is 0 to 10,000 μL/L, and the measurement uncertainty is lower than 10% or 10 μL/L. The pressure measurement range is 0 to 1.0 MPa, and the uncertainty is lower than 0.3%. The temperature measurement range is −40°C to 85°C, and the uncertainty is lower than ± 1°C. The micro water measurement range is 0 to 1000 μL/L, and the measurement uncertainty is lower than ± 5% or 10 μL/L. The dielectric loss and capacitance error increased by one order of magnitude compared to current standards. The resolution of partial discharge is 5 pC. The performance of the device fully satisfies the requirements for online monitoring of transformer bushing. It has been installed in dozens of 330 and 750 kV substations, providing a reliable guarantee for safe operation of transformer bushing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71956279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel fault diagnosis method for PV arrays using convolutional extension neural network with symmetrized dot pattern analysis","authors":"Shiue-Der Lu, Chia-Chun Wu, Hong-Wei Sian","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12166","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>PV fault diagnosis remains difficult due to the non-linear characteristic of PV output, which makes PV output to be likely disturbed by the ambient environment. This study proposes a novel convolutional extension neural network (CENN) algorithm, which is a jointed architecture based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and extension neural network (ENN), takes advantage of CNN and ENN. The CENN is combined with the symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) analysis method to diagnose the common eight PV array faults. The SDP is used to transform the measured PV signals into the point coordinate feature image; then, the CENN is trained to identify the different PV faults. Experimental results show an obvious improvement in short detection times and high accuracy compared with traditional CNN and the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) extraction method with support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), and back propagation neural network (BPNN) classifiers, with 95.3%, 94%, 93.5%, and 93.3% accuracy, respectively. Using the proposed CENN, the accuracy can be raised to 97.3%. Additionally, the signals measured by various sensors are collected using programmable logic controller (PLC). The human–machine interface (HMI) and the proposed algorithm are developed using LabVIEW for graphical design. Finally, the information is transmitted to a tablet PC for performing real-time remote monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Hou, Shan Xue, Rui Ding, Xinxin Tian, Weiheng Shao
{"title":"Differential magnetic field probe calibration based on symmetric de-embedding technology","authors":"Bo Hou, Shan Xue, Rui Ding, Xinxin Tian, Weiheng Shao","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12165","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smt2.12165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The de-embedding calibration method has been proposed to achieve high-precision calibration for a single port electric field or magnetic field probe, which can effectively eliminate the calibration ripple. However, the method's effectiveness for a four-port calibration system has not been verified yet. In this paper, a four-port de-embedding calibration method with a differential magnetic field probe is proposed, and its effectiveness is proved. Two symmetric grounded coplanar waveguide transmission lines are applied in the proposed method to solve the ABCD-matrix of the embedded part of the calibrator. The de-embedded S-parameter model of the four-port calibration system for differential magnetic field probe can be obtained. The calibration results indicate that the proposed method can also reduce the calibration ripple and compensate for the attenuation caused by the calibrator. Compared with the traditional calibration method using a microstrip line calibrator, the ripples of the proposed method can be reduced by 34%. The analysis results of the frequency interval of the ripple (FIR) in different methods show that the de-embedding method can reduce the FIRs (except around 1.2 GHz) caused by the reflection of the calibrator and retain the FIR (about 1.2 GHz) caused by the reflection of the probe itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smt2.12165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A lightweight and anti-collusion trust model combined with nodes dynamic relevance for the power internet of things","authors":"Shice Zhao, Hongshan Zhao, Jingjie Sun","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A large number of monitoring sensors are introduced in the power grid. However, the traditional trust models commonly used for edge-side security management are weak in detecting large-scale malicious interactions and collusion attacks. For that, a lightweight and anti-collusion trust model combined with nodes’ dynamic relevance for the power Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed. Firstly, a global trust management system is constructed according to the working mechanism of sensors in the power grid. After that, trust feedback and contact frequency of the devices are combined to build an adaptive dynamic weight vector based on relevance volatility. Fluctuations in trust values are reduced and the trust difference between normal and malicious nodes is widened. An anti-collusion algorithm based on contact set awareness is also designed to effectively detect collusion attacks. The checksum local broadcast is established in the trust model to counteract the risk of intelligent terminal failure. The results show that the trust model achieves 100% accuracy of node discrimination when the maximum proportion of malicious nodes is 20% in a 50-node network scale. In addition, the calculation time of the overall model is 211 ms and the memory consumption is 161 kb, which is suitable for power IoT sensor networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71960532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongzhang Zhu, Chuanping Wu, Yang Zhou, Yao Xie, Tiannian Zhou
{"title":"Electric shock feature extraction method based on adaptive variational mode decomposition and singular value decomposition","authors":"Hongzhang Zhu, Chuanping Wu, Yang Zhou, Yao Xie, Tiannian Zhou","doi":"10.1049/smt2.12157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a feature extraction method combining adaptive variational mode decomposition (AVMD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for electric shock fault-type identification. The AVMD algorithm is utilized to adaptively decompose the electric shock signal into intrinsic mode components, each containing distinct frequency information. Subsequently, the correlation coefficient is employed to extract the intrinsic mode component with amplitudes greater than or equal to 0.1 (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>γ</mi>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${gamma }_k$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> ≥ 0.1). Feature extraction is then performed using SVD on the <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>γ</mi>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${gamma }_k$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> ≥ 0.1 intrinsic mode component, based on its maximum singular value and singular entropy. This approach effectively overcomes the limitation of the traditional VMD that necessitates manual <i>K</i> value setting. Moreover, it achieves dimensionality reduction and feature extraction of the intrinsic mode components through SVD, resulting in enhanced computational efficiency and fault identification accuracy. Extensive simulations demonstrate the remarkable recognition rates of electric shock fault types in animals and plants using the proposed AVMD-SVD method, achieving a recognition rate as high as 99.25%. Comparative performance analysis further verifies the superiority of AVMD-SVD over similar empirical mode decomposition-SVD feature extraction techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":54999,"journal":{"name":"Iet Science Measurement & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71959164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}