International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A real-time rock mass class identification model of the tunnel face based on TBM tunneling and the corresponding muck characteristic parameters","authors":"Liu Huang ,&nbsp;Qiuming Gong ,&nbsp;Ju Wang ,&nbsp;Hongsu Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xingfei Xie ,&nbsp;Hongjiao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TBM tunneling is the result of interaction between the rock mass and the machine. Rapid identification of the rock mass condition at the tunnel face is crucial for the safety and efficiency of TBM tunneling. This study was based on the spiral ramp project of the Beishan Underground Research Laboratory. A TBM muck analysis system was installed on the TBM conveyor belt to obtain the muck characteristic and TBM tunneling parameters. Combining the muck characteristic parameters, TBM tunneling parameters and the corresponding rock mass classes at the tunnel face, a multi-source database was established. Subsequently, machine learning models for rock mass class identification were developed based on TBM tunneling parameters, muck characteristic parameters, and their fusion, respectively. The LightGBM model based on these fusion parameters including tunneling and muck characteristic parameters, significantly outperforms other models, achieving an Accuracy of 0.934, an F1-score of 0.932, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.904. The model was validated in the subsequent TBM tunneling in the same project. It demonstrated the reliability of the model in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106057"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of thin spray-on layer (TSL) wrapping support on the spalling failure characteristics of sandstone","authors":"Shiming Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfan Bai ,&nbsp;Wentao Long ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Wu ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Li ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safety and stability of underground structures can be enhanced by using a novel support material known as the thin spray-on liner (TSL). This material forms a continuous and robust protective layer on rock surfaces leveraging its superior bonding properties and tensile strength. However, the performance of TSL under the dynamic loading conditions caused by mining disturbances requires further investigation. To address this, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) spalling tests were conducted on TSL and mortar coating specimens with varying coating length and thicknesses. High-speed photography was employed to capture the spalling failure process of specimens in detail. The experimental results revealed that the bonding force between the TSL and rock decreased as the TSL's coating thickness increased. Compared to the uncoated sandstone specimens, the spalling strength of TSL-coated specimens was lower. Nevertheless, the spalling strength increased with greater TSL thickness and length. Initial cracking was observed at the interface between the coating and the rock. Similar patterns were noted for the mortar-coated specimens, although they exhibited different supporting mechanisms and higher layer cracking strengths. Additionally, FLAC3D-PFC3D coupled modeling was utilized to validate the experimental findings. The numerical simulation results aligned closely with the experimental data under identical impact loading. But when the impact load increases, the spalling strength of the TSL-coated specimen decreased with greater TSL coating thickness and length. The research results can aid in optimizing the design of support structures for underground roadways and serve as a reference for evaluating their stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106054"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-dependent permeability in sedimentary rocks: A fractal model based on poroelastic compressibilities","authors":"Santiago G. Solazzi ,&nbsp;Guido Panizza ,&nbsp;Dario G. Robledo ,&nbsp;Esteban A. Domene ,&nbsp;Emilio Camilión","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress variations in the subsurface can modify the permeability and the poroelastic compressibilities of rocks and soils. In general, stress-dependent permeability predictions are based on empirical models, which disregard the underlying connection between permeability and poroelastic compressibilites. In this work, we present a physically-based constitutive model to predict stress-induced permeability variations in sedimentary rocks accounting for the fact that drained pore compressibilities vary with the differential stress. The proposed model is based on a fractal conceptualization of the pore space and results in a closed analytical expression. We validate the proposed model with experimental measurements of pore compressibility and permeability in a series of sedimentary rocks by means of a fractal dimension parameter fitting. Results show that the corresponding fractal dimensions are in reasonable agreement with pore size distributions, obtained from thin section analysis, and capillary pressure saturation curves of the corresponding rocks, given by mercury intrusion tests. Finally, we compare the proposed model with alternative stress-dependent permeability models that are broadly used in the specific literature, such as, exponential and power law models, and attempt to provide these empirical models with a first order physical interpretation. The proposed approach and associated results may help estimating permeability from poroelastic compressibility measurements, which is, to date, widely regarded as a frontier in the overall fields of Geomechanics and Applied Geophysics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106055"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-field simulation of CO2 fracturing crack propagation in thermo-poroelastic media","authors":"Changbao Jiang ,&nbsp;Chen Jing ,&nbsp;Hailiang Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) fracturing technology demonstrates significant potential for the development of unconventional gas resources. To elucidate the fracture propagation mechanism under CO₂ fracturing, Biot's poroelasticity theory was applied to thermo-poroelastic media, accounting for the variability of CO₂ properties. A coupled phase-field model (PFM) for CO₂ fracturing in thermo-poroelastic media was established to analyze the influence of different stress differentials on fracture propagation characteristics. This model was used to compare the evolution processes of the fracture field, displacement field, and temperature field, while examining the impact of stress and displacement evolution on microcrack development. The results indicate that for horizontal stress differences of 2 MPa and 0 MPa, the fracture propagation lengths are 0.084m and 0.169m, respectively. A smaller horizontal stress difference results in a smaller angle between fractures and more fully developed fractures. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) fracturing can effectively overcome limitations imposed by stress factors on fracture propagation direction and morphology. Thermal effects from the temperature field are pronounced in the early stage of fracturing, with the temperature influence range exceeding the displacement influence range before <em>t</em> = 12.55s, the displacement equilibrium point. After this point, the displacement influence range surpasses the temperature influence range. During SC-CO₂ fracturing process, the displacement curve exhibits relatively small fluctuations (1.83 × 10⁻⁶ m), and a prolonged slow propagation period, indicating fully developed microcracks. In the initial stage, tensile stress concentrations form around the pores. As the fracturing fluid continues to be injected, fractures initiate and propagate, with distinct zones of tensile and compressive-shear stress concentration. Ultimately, fractures propagate continuously along the direction of shear stress concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106052"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile fracture characteristics and directional fracturing mechanism of 2D blasting: Experimental investigation and theoretical modelling","authors":"Shan Guo ,&nbsp;Manchao He ,&nbsp;Quan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yulong Shao ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Jianning Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blasting is a crucial technique for rock breaking in geotechnical engineering, with directional fracture-controlled blasting being one of its most important applications. To advance this field, a novel non-explosive blasting method, termed two-dimensional blasting (2D blasting), has been developed. This innovative technique utilizes high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by expansion agent to induce tensile stress along the splitting direction of the borehole wall, facilitating directional rock mass rupture. The research and theoretical modelling of the directional fracturing mechanism for 2D blasting are extremely challenging, but this is crucial for the field application and parameter design of 2D blasting technology. In this study, comparative experiments were conducted using concrete specimens subjected to both 2D and conventional blasting. Dynamic crack propagation behaviour was recorded with a high-speed camera, and tensile fracture characteristics were analysed using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. The experimental results revealed that conventional blasting generates random, disordered radial cracks around the borehole, forming a three-dimensional (3D) fracture network. In contrast, 2D blasting employs an energy-gathering device to regulate stress distribution on the borehole wall, transforming the 3D fracture network into a two-dimensional (2D) fracture plane in the preset direction. Building on these experimental findings, mechanical models for both conventional and 2D blasting were established. The stress concentration effects around the borehole wall under 2D blasting were analysed, and criteria for crack initiation and propagation in 2D blasting were proposed. The results confirmed the directional fracturing efficacy of 2D blasting, characterized its tensile fracture behaviour, and provided valuable insights into its underlying mechanisms, offering a reference for further advancements in directional fracture-controlled blasting technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting three-dimensional roughness of rock discontinuity based on limited outcrop information during tunnel construction","authors":"Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuechao Pei ,&nbsp;Hehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Li ,&nbsp;Fenghe Guo ,&nbsp;Yixin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) roughness of the rock discontinuity plays a controlling function on the rock mass stability of excavation face during deep buried tunnel construction, which can be predicted based on the discontinuity outcrop from excavation face. However, there exist some disturbing factors such as dust and debris which affect the non-contact measurement accuracy on the outcrop information under construction environment. In this study, a new method to predict three-dimensional roughness of rock discontinuity (JRC_3d) based on the limited outcrop and drilling test information from the rock mass of excavation face is proposed. Two-dimensional roughness of rock discontinuity (JRC_2d) is derived based on different asperity orders firstly. The first-order profile roughness is calculated by combining drilling test result, and the second-order profile roughness is predicted on establishing the statistical relationship between the geometrical parameter of the outcrop and the entire profile. Based on the prediction of JRC_2d, JRC_3d is characterized probabilistically with the improved Bayesian theory where the bootstrap method is used to deal with the difficulty of obtaining <em>μ</em> and <em>σ</em> of the prior distribution because the sample size is limited. A rock tunnel engineering in southwest China is taken as the engineering application, and the relative errors of the predicting JRC_3d are lower than 11 %. Finally, the effect of outcrop width on the predicting JRC_3d results is investigated. For Barton standard profiles, the statistical parameters of the first <em>k</em> climbing angles of the second-order roughness profiles are calculated to estimate the appropriate outcrop width as 16 mm. A rock discontinuity is generated to study the effect of discontinuity size on the predicting JRC_3d, and the relative error of the predicting JRC_3d is lower than 12 %, thereby validating the method applicability across a broad spectrum of discontinuity sizes, ranging from small to large.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106040"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the continuous-discontinuous failure characteristics of granite under Brazilian splitting test conditions using acousto-optic-mechanical (AOM) method","authors":"Zhen Heng ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Heinz Konietzky ,&nbsp;Wancheng Zhu ,&nbsp;P.G. Ranjith","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tensile failure in brittle rocks is crucial for the stability of rock engineering applications. However, a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of continuous-discontinuous tensile failure characteristics and the effect of loading platen shape on the microcracking behavior induced by tensile stress in granite, as well as the corresponding variations in the evolution of Fracture Process Zone (FPZ) at the microscale, remain unclear. This study describes an effective acousto-optic-mechanical multi-physical field observation system to capture the real-time acoustic, optical and mechanical response of a coarse-grained granite during Brazilian splitting tests applying various loading platen shapes. An improved 3D acoustic emission (AE) location algorithm is introduced and validated to interpret the spatio-temporal evolution of crack source mechanisms. Three stages of microcracking, namely quiet stage (QS), stable stage (SS), and outburst stage (OS) are identified based on the AE characteristics. We found that a distinction between different loading conditions is easier to detect at relatively low loading rates. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) results show that the loading platen shape affects the initial position of the tensile stress-induced crack initiation and the corresponding deformation. High-Speed Photography (HSP) images captures the evolution of FPZ and visible crack opening behavior. Both, indirect tensile strength and splitting elastic modulus are found to be sensitive to loading rates, with varying degrees of sensitivity under different loading conditions. The fractal dimension results closely correlate with the monitored COD outcomes, highlighting a smaller Joint Roughness Coefficient (<em>JRC)</em> value on the failure surface under arc platen loading conditions compared with flat platen loading conditions. The evolution of <em>b</em>-values reveals the transition from microcracking to macrocracking, which is consistent with the stress and FPZ evolution. The influence of loading platen shape on indirect tensile strength and failure characteristics of granite is theoretically validated. Finally, correlations among the AOM characteristics under different loading conditions and their practical implications are investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106041"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic extraction and quantitative analysis of characteristics from complex fractures on rock surfaces via deep learning","authors":"Mingze Li ,&nbsp;Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Wenbo Lu ,&nbsp;Peng Yan ,&nbsp;Zhanzhi Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection and evaluation of rock mass joints and fractures are essential in assessing the stability of engineering rock masses and mitigating geological hazards. To address the challenge of intelligent extraction and quantification of fractures, a deep learning-based complex rock fracture segmentation network, termed CRFSegNet, has been developed and combined with multiple feature computation methods. Ablation experiments and multi-model comparisons are conducted on a self-constructed dataset comprising fractures induced by natural processes and blasting. CRFSegNet performs competitively in terms of visualization and evaluation metrics in comparative experiments, with an average intersection-over-union of 83.90 %. The network effectively captures the intricate characteristics of fractures, demonstrating the approach's robustness and competitiveness. Fracture characteristics, such as length-dip, surface fracture rate, and fractal dimension, are obtained based on the segmentation results and the proposed characteristic calculation method. By analyzing the feature acquisition of four images, it is found that the results based on CRFSegNet are basically consistent with the actual situation, which shows that the proposed method is an effective approach for intelligent recognition and feature acquisition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106038"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143322236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roof stability for rock cavities and tunnels: Revisiting limit state plastic analysis","authors":"Dowon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous observations of the roof stability analyses for deep-depth tunnels in continuum rock mass suggest that the critical roof failure mechanism involves a <em>π</em>/2-rotation of the failure envelope utilized in the analysis. In this study, the results obtained from the kinematic approach of the limit analysis and limit equilibrium method demonstrated that the failure profile of a roof collapse in a physical space is equivalent to the rotated and scaled shear strength envelope in the stress plane. An analytical technique employing parametric expressions is presented to account directly and accurately for the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion without requiring knowledge of its closed-form shear strength envelope or replacing it with approximated functions. The solutions obtained from the two independent methods, that is, the pure and lesser forms of the upper-bound approach, were identical owing to the rigid-block translational mechanism. In addition, several interesting aspects of the mechanics of incipient roof collapse are investigated by inspecting the stress state and failure mechanism in compliance with static force equilibrium and kinematic compatibility. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of conventional studies conducted in this category.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally induced fracture modeling during a long-term water injection","authors":"Yuhao Liu ,&nbsp;Keita Yoshioka ,&nbsp;Tao You ,&nbsp;Hanzhang Li ,&nbsp;Fengshou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant volumes of water are injected into the subsurface for purposes such as maintaining reservoir pressure, enhancing production efficiency, or water disposal. In these operations, injection pressures are typically kept low to prevent the formation from fracturing. However, fractures may still be induced even at low injection pressures if the injected water cools the formation, causing thermal contraction. In this study, we numerically investigate thermally induced fractures during water injection using a variational thermo-hydro-mechanical phase-field model. Our simulation results show that cold water injection can nucleate multiple thermal fractures nearly orthogonal to a stimulated fracture, even if the injection pressure is below the fracturing pressure. Further simulation scenarios reveal that thermal fracture propagation is more likely with larger temperature differences, smaller in-situ stress anisotropy, and lower formation permeability. This study highlights the significant impact of thermal effects on fracture initiation and propagation, suggesting the need for careful consideration when regulating or managing fracture initiation during water injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106022"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}