International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A novel Tree-augmented Bayesian network for predicting rock weathering degree using incomplete dataset","authors":"Chen Wu ,&nbsp;Hongwei Huang ,&nbsp;Jiayao Chen ,&nbsp;Mingliang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shiju Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise forecasting of the weathering degree of surrounding rock holds paramount importance for the scientific design and secure execution of tunnel engineering. The apparent features of the surrounding rock serve as critical indicators for evaluating its weathering degree. This paper endeavors to quantify the rock apparent features based on an improved Computer vision model and establish a multi-source heterogeneous dataset encompassing 10 parameters, thereby facilitating data-driven predictions of the weathering degree. Specifically, the rock appearance parameters are quantified and segmented by an improved Tunnel face feature segmentation (TFF_Seg) model, which is tailored to the unique characteristics of groundwater, fractures, and interlayers. Concurrently, the TFF_Seg model exhibits significantly enhanced performance for these rock features compared to other widely employed Computer vision methods. Subsequently, this multi-source dataset is further enriched by incorporating rock physical and mechanical parameters as well as tunnel design parameters. Nevertheless, the issue of data incompleteness persists within this dataset. To achieve precise prediction of the weathering degree based on this incomplete dataset, a novel Tree-augmented Bayesian network (TAN-BN) is designed, which is capable of learning from incomplete datasets. The predictive outcomes demonstrate that the proposed TAN-BN surpasses other currently utilized meta models and ensemble models, such as ANN, GBRT, and Naive BN. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the importance rankings of the 10 parameters, offering valuable insights for on-site evaluation of the rock weathering degree at the tunnel face.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105933"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear creep deformation of rock fracture distrubed by dynamic loading","authors":"Leilei Niu ,&nbsp;Wancheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xige Liu ,&nbsp;Ji Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Tingyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term stability of jointed rock masses is usually dominated by fault activation, which may be triggered by the dynamic disturbance generated by blasting during mining activities, leading to the occurrence of disasters such as landslides in open-pit and rockbursts in deep mining. The initial stress and dynamic disturbance are key factors that strongly affect the shear creep behavior of rock fractures. In this work, the shear failure instability of rock fractures of sandstone under creep-impact loading was experimentally investigated by using a creep-impact test machine, which allows for applying creep loading and an additional dynamic disturbance on rock fractures. Three stages of shear creep deformation, creep strain rate, and time-to-failure are examined under different creep stress levels and impact energies. Experimental results show that the tangential and normal creep rates increase with the increase of creep stress and impact energy, but the increment of tangential creep rate is higher than that of the normal creep rate. The time-to-failure of the creeping specimen is shortened under high creep stress and large impact energy, while the time-to-failure after the last dynamic disturbance of the specimen is determined by the total impact energy and creep stress level. By using high-speed photography, it is found that the failure types of rock depend on the magnitude of impact energy and creep stress level; that is, rock mainly slides with low stress levels and shears off with high stress levels. In addition, under different impact energy and creep stress levels, the variation of height is between 0.38 and 0.52, while the defined fracture factor, which describes the degree of failure of serrations, is between 0.30 and 0.54. The findings can provide deep insight into the fault sliding mechanism caused by mining activities, which provides theoretical support for the safe mining of ore in fault fracture zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105943"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid multiscale model for fluid flow in fractured rocks using homogenization method with discrete fracture networks","authors":"Jianxiong Yang ,&nbsp;Fujun Xue ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Jingjing Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid flow in subsurface tight reservoirs containing pores, microcracks and macrocracks is notably influenced by the characteristics of macro/micro-cracks. A novel hybrid multiscale model is proposed to address the response of macrocracks and pores/microcracks in different spatial scales. Specifically, an equivalent macroscopic model (EMM) deduced from locally periodic representative element volume (REV) is developed using the asymptotic homogenization method to represent the poroelastic behavior of porous medium with microcracks. Simultaneously, the macrocracks are modeled explicitly using the discrete fracture model (DFM), where the hydraulic properties of cracks influenced by fluid pressure gradient is represented by the nonlinear opening/closure behavior. The obtained hybrid model takes into account the heterogeneous nature of fractured rock masses containing pores, micro/macro-cracks, which is fundamental to describe fluid flow behavior in fracture-matrix system. Specialized finite elements, regular meshing technique and adaptive time stepping algorithm are adopted to improve the computational efficiency. The hybrid multiscale model is firstly validated step by step to demonstrate the accuracy and then used to simulate fluid flow in fractured rock reservoir, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced flow capacity resulting from microcrack distribution, connectivity, and macrocrack stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105936"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The failure of edge-cracked hard roof in underground mining: An analytical study","authors":"Songtao Ji ,&nbsp;Xingping Lai ,&nbsp;Feng Cui ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Ruikai Pan ,&nbsp;Jurij Karlovšek","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard roof is the primary concern of strata control in underground mining. Various techniques have been utilized to fracture the hard roof and control the failure of strata. Understanding the impact of cracks on strata behaviour is vital for optimizing strata control strategies. In this study, the hard roof was regarded as a beam structure with different loading, support, and boundary conditions. The equivalent spring model was adopted to represent the edge-cracked section of the hard roof, which allows additional rotation at the crack location. A piecewise-defined function was developed for solving equations of hard roof in the vicinity of the crack section. By combining the hard roof beam model and the equivalent spring model, the impact of a crack on the hard roof can be measured. A case study was carried out to explore the impacts of crack location and crack depth on the mechanical state of the hard roof. Results showcase the failure of the hard roof controlled by the crack depth and greatly influenced by the crack location. From the perspective of coal burst prevention, roof fracturing should be implemented at the high-stress area of strata, whereas it has been challenging in practice to determine such a location precisely. To address this challenge, it was suggested that hard roof fracturing should be carried out before coal seam de-stressing, increasing the likelihood of a crack occurring in a high-stress area. By adopting the proposed method, the mechanical state of the edge-cracked hard roof can be quantified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105934"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A coupled displacement-pressure model for elastic waves induce fluid flow in mature sandstone reservoirs","authors":"M.B. Abdullahi ,&nbsp;S.R. Jufar ,&nbsp;J.H. Lee ,&nbsp;M.D. Le","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastic (seismic) wave stimulation is considered one of the unconventional enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Increasing water quantity in the high permeability layer of a mature oil reservoir is highly challenging and can significantly decrease the ultimate recovery due to the reservoir heterogeneity. Using seismic waves can be considered low-cost, environmentally friendly, and illuminates the entire reservoir size compared to conventional EOR methods. A numerical model is developed by extending the Quintal approach for seismic attenuation due to wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) to incorporate capillary pressure in partially saturated porous media and shift undrained boundary conditions to exclude external flow stress for drained boundary conditions. Therefore, the fluid distribution due to the capillary effect makes the developed finite element method (FEM) u-p model more widely applicable for oil recovery in mature reservoirs. A two-layer partially saturated media was subjected to compressive seismic stress at low frequency (3 Hz). The results indicated that the vertical displacement gradients of the bottom and upper layers decline with excitation time for both fully and partially saturated media. On the other hand, partially saturated pore pressure gradients of both the upper and bottom layers have higher amplitudes with excitation time than fully saturated pore pressure gradients due to the influence of capillar pressure. The cumulative crossflow oil volume for 180 days of continuous stimulation was 1176 bbl, 1032 bbl, and 648 bbl in low permeability layers: 200 md, 100 md, and 50 md, respectively. Therefore, the developed model has the potential for field-scale EOR applications. The study also suggests coupling elastic EOR with CO₂ flooding to recover more oil due to increasing fluid mobility and relative permeability to oil in low-permeability reservoirs or tight formations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105928"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of shale during pyrolysis: Atomic force microscopy and nano-indentation study","authors":"Zhikai Liang ,&nbsp;Zhenxue Jiang ,&nbsp;Xianglu Tang ,&nbsp;Ruihua Chen ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative characterization of the geo-mechanical properties of shale and organic matter (OM) holds paramount significance in the assessment of shale gas reserves and the design of hydraulic fracturing. However, the mechanical evolution processes during shale hydrocarbon generation and its influencing factors have received limited attention. This study examines the changes in shale mechanical properties during pyrolysis at high temperatures (415–600 °C) and high pressure (50–125 MPa) for mature to over-mature stages. The nanoindentation and in-situ AFM-QNM analysis are utilized to characterize the changes in mechanical properties during evolution. Subsequently, gas adsorption, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and laser Raman spectroscopy (Raman) are used to investigate the factors influencing the mechanical properties of shale and the associated OM, and establish a model for the evolution of the mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that with increasing maturity, the overall Young's modulus of the bulk shale gradually increases from 42.8 GPa to 58.4 GPa for the temperature increment from 415 °C to 600 °C. During the thermal maturation process, the mesopore structure and quartz content of the shale significantly influence its mechanical properties. Young's modulus of OM shows an S-shaped trend, with variations in the micromechanical properties of OM corresponding to stages of hydrocarbon generation. In particular, two peaks of Young's modulus increase are observed during the mature and over-mature stages. In the mature stage, the aromatization of the kerogen leads to substantial detachment of aliphatic side chains and oxygenated functional groups, resulting in a higher degree of aromatization. This reduces the kerogen spacing and consequently increases the Young's modulus. In the over-matured stage, the process of aromatics condensation leads to the orientation and arrangement of aromatic rings, reducing the number of key site vacancies and crystal defects, thereby forming large aromatic clusters and significantly increasing the graphite-like structure. This study will facilitate the analysis of shale matrix deformation mechanisms at the microscale, providing a fundamental theoretical and scientific basis for shale fracturing design, exploration, and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105929"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and pressure effects on the mechanical behavior of porous carbonates saturated by viscous fluids","authors":"Fabio Trippetta ,&nbsp;Roberta Ruggieri ,&nbsp;Hem B. Motra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure, temperature, and infilling fluids influence the petrophysical properties and the associated damaging processes of rocks at all scales and at all depths. Moreover, each fluid-rock system possesses peculiar mechanical behavior, being this particularly complex in carbonate rocks. We focus on an outcropping carbonate-bearing reservoir (Majella, Central Italy), that represents a very good analogue for buried reservoirs. We performed hydrostatic and triaxial deformation tests up to a temperature of 100 °C and a confining pressure up to 100 MPa on both clean and naturally hydrocarbon-filled samples. Results show increasing seismic velocity and Young's modulus with increasing confining pressures for both clean and saturated samples. However, different results are observed when the temperature is increased. At low temperatures, saturated samples show larger seismic velocity and rigidity with respect to clean samples due to the solid state of the hydrocarbon at ambient conditions, whilst at higher temperatures the opposite occurs. When temperature is raised up to 100 °C the Young's modulus of the saturated samples decreases by ∼25 %, being coupled by a volume reduction of ∼1 cm³ even during hydrostatic tests (no differential stress applied). Accordingly, microstructural observations highlight crackle breccia and grain crushing microstructures with a large number (more than 30/100 μm) of randomly distributed cracks in saturated samples after both hydrostatic and triaxial tests. On the contrary, tested clean samples are characterized by few microfractures (less than 1/μm), pointing out the primary role played by melting hydrocarbons. Thus, the presence of melted hydrocarbons weakens the rock promoting fracturing, whilst at lower temperature the presence of solid hydrocarbons increases the mechanical properties of hydrocarbon-bearing rock. These observations have a large impact on the risk related to mining or porous carbonate reservoirs depletion and for understanding microscale to mesoscale mechanisms of deformation and viscous fluids movement along rock volumes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105938"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the deformation modulus at representative elementary volume using electrical resistivity tomography","authors":"Mohammadreza Akbariforouz ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Alessandro Stocchino ,&nbsp;Chunmiao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deformation modulus of rock mass is an essential parameter for evaluating the bearing capacity and deformations. A deformation modulus obtained through conventional approaches, including empirical equations and in situ tests, cannot present the deformation modulus at representative elementary volume (<em>D</em>_REV) due to limited test coverage and technical difficulties in harsh geological or topographic conditions. This study utilized electrical resistivity (<em>ER</em>) tomography and numerical back-analysis to investigate <em>D</em>_REV at the Asmari-Jahrum formation. We employed geoelectrical contrasts to detect proper locations for installing extensometers at excavated galleries. The deformations recorded by extensometer were used to back-calculate the <em>D</em>_REV values by finite difference numerical modeling. We established a correlation between <em>ER</em> and <em>D</em>_REV to predict <em>D</em>_REV, which were 30–80 % more accurate than those obtained through conventional approaches at the study site. The tested area, anisotropy, creep, <em>ER</em> inaccuracies, and plastic deformations are evaluated as statistically significant factors that can influence <em>D</em>_REV. Our methodology provides a systematical approach to assess <em>D</em>_REV, which applies to geoengineering projects within the Asmari-Jahrum formation or similar sedimentary units (<em>ER</em> below 200 Ω⸱m). This methodology is also replicable for other geological formations with harsh geology or limited access without exposing an extreme financial burden or environmental issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105935"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on the shear behaviour of standard JRC double-joint rock masses","authors":"Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Tingfang Liu ,&nbsp;Changsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yujing Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuezhen Wu ,&nbsp;Houquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Biao Kong ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Yeqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shear resistance of multi-joint rock masses significantly affects the stability of underground engineering structures. In this work, using 3D printing technology, rock-like samples containing two joints with varying joint spacings and roughness values are prepared and subjected to direct shear tests under different normal stress conditions. The results demonstrate that the shear stress-shear displacement curve is influenced by the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) and normal stress. Peak shear stress increases with increasing JRC and normal stress but decreases with increasing joint spacing. Increases in JRC and normal stress increase the shear stress softening. The primary failure mode of the double-joint samples involves rock interlayer fracturing, the joint spacing has a smaller impact on shear failure mode than the JRC and normal stress. The shear failure behaviour and microcracking mechanism of a double-joint sample are revealed based on the developed cohesive zone model (CZM) method. Numerical tests revealed that the number of cracks in the double-joint model increases with increasing JRC and normal stress but decreases with increasing joint spacing. The model results in significantly more tensile cracks than shear cracks, tensile cracks are predominantly located in the rock interlayer of the double-joint model, whereas shear cracks are concentrated near the joint surfaces. This study explores the shear mechanical characteristics and microdamage behaviour of double-joint rock masses and offers foundational insights into the shear failure mechanisms of complex multi-joint rock masses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105930"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard rock fragmentation by dynamic conical pick indentation under confining pressure","authors":"Pingkuang Luo ,&nbsp;Diyuan Li ,&nbsp;Wenkai Ru ,&nbsp;Hao Gong ,&nbsp;Mimi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical mining and excavation in deep metal mines can be regarded as the process of crushing hard rock by conical pick indentation. In this study, a confining pressure loading device was designed and used to carry out dynamic conical pick indentation crushing tests under confining pressure conditions on three types of granite with varying strengths, using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The objective was to quantitatively investigate the effect of confining pressure and rock strength on the indentation crushing characteristics of deep hard rocks. The results indicate that as the confining pressure increases from 5 MPa to 20 MPa, the dimensional parameters such as volume, diameter and depth of the impact groove decrease linearly, while parameters such as the specific energy, indentation force, indentation index and energy utilization rate progressively increase. The increase in the confining pressure inhibits the formation of internal cracks in the rock, enhancing its resistance to pick indentation, which in turn makes rock fragmentation more difficult. This creates unfavorable conditions for efficient rock breaking. Furthermore, rock strength plays a crucial role in the pick indentation process. The higher the rock strength, the greater its resistance to pick indentation, leading to increased energy consumption, accelerated wear of the conical picks, and reduced efficiency in rock breaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 105932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}