International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced discontinuity characterization in hard rock pillars using point cloud completion and DBSCAN clustering","authors":"Chuanqi Li ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Kun Du ,&nbsp;Ming Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel strategy to characterize the discontinuities of hard rock pillars in underground mines. In this strategy, the point cloud completion technology is proposed to fill in the missing point clouds caused by defective digital photogrammetry. An improved density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is developed for accurate discontinuity extraction. A case study is carried out to evaluate and verify the proposed strategy in characterizing discontinuities of hard rock pillars. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method is compared with other conventional methods in extracting the pillar discontinuities, and the influence of point cloud completion on the characterization performance is discussed. The results indicate that the proposed strategy can accurately extract discontinuities, and that the proposed point cloud completion significantly improves characterization accuracy. Although the proposed strategy has not yet been applied or verified in the discontinuity extraction of other rock masses, it provides a new opinion and a reliable exploration for the discontinuity characterization of hard rock pillars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106005"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic wave propagation and attenuation across cemented rock fractures under tension","authors":"Hui Yang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Dongya Han ,&nbsp;Qinghua Lei ,&nbsp;Huanyu Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tensile loading plays a critical role in geological processes like landslides and earthquakes, as well as engineering applications such as hydraulic fracturing and tunnel excavation. We investigate elastic wave behavior across cemented rock fractures under tensile stress conditions. Ultrasonic measurements and uniaxial direct tension tests were performed concurrently on quartz diorite and diabase specimens with and without individual cemented fractures to determine the influence of tensile stress on the characteristics of elastic waves. Results show that increasing tensile stress leads to enhanced wave attenuation and reduced velocity, amplitudes, and dominant frequency of transmitted waves. These changes are primarily driven by the formation and growth of microcracks near cemented rock fractures under tensile stress. The jointed quartz diorite samples experienced progressive reductions in static and dynamic fracture stiffness. In contrast, jointed diabase samples maintained nearly constant static fracture stiffness and only saw decreases in dynamic fracture stiffness. The reduction in dynamic fracture stiffness is attributed to microscopic damage that modifies elastic wave velocity and dissipation but is not captured by static stress-strain measurements. The gradual decrease in dynamic fracture stiffness reflects stable crack growth, while sudden reductions indicate crack coalescence at the interface. We propose that dynamic fracture stiffness, assessable with seismic wave measurement, is a more reliable indicator of tensile damage than static fracture stiffness due to its sensitivity to low strains and ability to capture microstructural changes. These findings provide valuable insights into seismic methods applied to assess stress conditions on rock discontinuities in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meso-damage characterization of chemically corroded rocks under unloading confinement conditions","authors":"Hao Li ,&nbsp;Leo Pel ,&nbsp;Zhenjiang You ,&nbsp;David Smeulders","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing meso-damage and understanding its correlation with macroscopic mechanical responses of rocks under coupled chemical-mechanical (C-M) conditions are crucial for the stability analysis and safety design of underground constructions in chemically corrosive environments. This research proposes a model to quantify coupled C-M meso-damage of rocks, utilizing geochemical surface reaction theory, statistical mechanics, thermodynamic principles, and novel principals proposed in this study, termed Random Energy Release Rate (RERR) and Effective Chemical Damage (ECD). To achieve this goal, a multiscale experimental investigation, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pH and ion chromatography analysis, triaxial compression and unloading confinement tests, is employed to examine meso-damage evolution and its linkage with the macro-mechanical responses of limestone under coupled C-M conditions. Based on the experimental investigations, the ECD model is introduced to differentiate chemical damage into effective and apparent categories. Then RERR is proposed to characterize the heterogeneity of damage. Utilizing ECD, along with RERR, the coupled C-M meso-damage model is finally proposed and validated with experimental data. Results show that the evolution of coupled C-M damage follows an S-shaped curve with four stages; Confining pressure limits ECD and C-M damage development, while ECD accelerates C-M damage; As dual-pore geo-media, RERR predominantly originate from the crack-like pores, and ECD is closely tied to crack-like pore closure and rock skeleton flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106012"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A micromechanical model for induced anisotropic damage-friction in rock materials under cyclic loading","authors":"Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenyong Liu ,&nbsp;Qiaojuan Yu ,&nbsp;Qi-Zhi Zhu ,&nbsp;Jian-Fu Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a unified micromechanical induced anisotropic model to predict the instantaneous and longterm behaviors of rock materials under cyclic loading. By integrating a thermodynamic framework with the Mori–Tanaka homogenization method, the model captures the anisotropic damage evolution considering nonuniform microcrack growth. The model incorporates the interaction between microcrack-induced damage and frictional effects, enabling a more accurate prediction of nonlinear behaviors. A fatigue damage variable is introduced to represent the progressive degradation. The plastic deformation is attributed to frictional sliding along oriented microcracks, while instantaneous and fatigue damage evolution are driven by crack growth and subcritical cracking, respectively. The model is validated against experimental data for varying rock types, demonstrating its ability to reproduce key mechanical behaviors, including nonlinear mechanical response, fatigue life, and nonuniform damage evolution. The proposed model provides a robust and comprehensive framework for analyzing the longterm behavior under cyclic loadings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106014"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage zone around underground opening caused by combined blast loading and initial stress unloading","authors":"Rui Zhao ,&nbsp;Ming Tao ,&nbsp;Murat Karakus","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of an Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) is a common issue in mining and other geotechnical engineering fields, which impacts the stability of surrounding rock mass. The excavation of deep, stressed rock mass induces stress redistribution and propagates stress waves that form an EDZ around the excavation. Modelling the complex processes of stress relief and adjustment in anisotropic stress states is challenging but essential for understanding EDZ formation mechanisms and optimizing blast design. In this study, we derive the stress response in the surrounding rock mass caused by the initial stress unloading and blast loading in arbitrary stress states. This is achieved by the application of modal superposition and Laplace transform. The impacts of the unloading period, blasting amplitude, and stress state were studied. Then a series of Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical simulations were carried out to obtain the EDZ around the opening under pure unloading and combined loading-unloading. The field observations of the distributions of EDZ in underground mining tunnels excavated by blasting were analysed in conjunction with the theoretical and numerical findings. The results showed the extent of the EDZ increases with initial stress, and at lower stress levels, blasting predominantly governs the formation of the EDZ, while at higher stress levels, unloading and stress redistribution prevail. Blast loading was suggested to be the main cause of the Highly Damaged Zone (HDZ), as the unload-induced redistributed stress and blast loading stress were linearly superimposed in the radial and tangential direction, leading to the elevation in the tangential tensile stress and the radial compressive stress in the rock mass near the excavation boundary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106018"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging negative pore pressure to constrain post-injection-induced slip of rock fractures","authors":"Zhou Fang,&nbsp;Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative pore pressure caused by unconventional energy production may offer insights into predicting and mitigating post-injection-induced seismicity. Here we presented triaxial shear experiments on sawcut, filled, and natural fractures under positive, zero, and negative pore pressures. The results show that negative pore pressure leads to an increase in the peak strength of the sawcut and filled fractures while reductions in post-peak stressing rate and fracture permeability, inhibiting unstable slip. Our analysis reveals that both the normalized stressing rates per net vented volume in the laboratory and per net production volume in the field decrease during the early stages of fluid extraction and stabilize at zero with long-term extraction. Notably, negative pore pressure develops as the normalized stressing rates approach zero, indicating its role as an indicator for constraining post-injection-induced slip of rock fractures. These findings align well with the observed correlation between net production volume and seismic activity at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Our study suggests that monitoring pore pressure can be an alternative method to predict the risk of post-injection-induced earthquakes, particularly in localized regions with isolated fractures experiencing high production volume and limited fluid replenishment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106023"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach of mitigating fault-slip induced dynamic disasters based on liquid super-lubricity","authors":"Jintong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Song ,&nbsp;Jun Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Shen ,&nbsp;Zhihong Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinjin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault-slip induced dynamic disasters, such as seismicity and rockburst, pose significant risks to various subsurface engineering projects, and the currently used mitigation methods often involves strategies of modulating in-situ stresses in the surrounding rocks near fault planes timely. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for mitigating fault-slip induced dynamic disasters in terms of reducing friction of faults based on liquid super-lubricity principle. A series of friction experiments were conducted on fault specimens in which deionized water (DW), polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, graphene oxide (GO coating), PEG with graphene oxide additives (GO in PEG) and ethyl alcohol aqueous solution with graphene oxide additives (GO in EA) were served as lubricants. The experimental results demonstrate that friction coefficients of flat and rough fault specimens were reduced by 3 % and 4 %, 46 % and 28 %, 62 % and 23 %, 74 % and 51 %, 62 % and 48 %, respectively, when lubricated by DW, PEG solution, GO coating, GO in PEG, and GO in EA compared to dry condition. Microscale friction tests and surface characterization were conducted to elucidate the lubrication mechanism of GO additives in PEG. The adsorbed PEG film and graphene layers on contact asperities effectively withstood high pressures, exhibiting low shear stress and preserving a relatively rough surface texture. The results suggest that injecting lubricant solutions into natural faults to modulate friction coefficients can effectively control fault slip and mitigate the risk of dynamic disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106033"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive in-situ stress estimation in a fractured geothermal reservoir in Pohang, South Korea using drilling data, hydraulic stimulations, and induced seismicity","authors":"Sehyeok Park ,&nbsp;Kwang-Il Kim ,&nbsp;Hwajung Yoo ,&nbsp;Juhyi Yim ,&nbsp;Ki-Bok Min","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive in situ stress estimation is carried out in the fractured reservoir at the enhanced geothermal system development site in Pohang, South Korea. Various types of stress indicators were collected from the hydraulic stimulation data, drilling records, lost circulation records, well logs, seismic events, and the stress constraints from previously proposed stress models. The comprehensive comparison of the collected stress constraints was performed, and resulted in the possible stress magnitude range and corresponding limits on the range of possible friction coefficients. The resulting stress ratio is <em>S</em>_<em>V</em>: <em>S</em>_{<em>hmin</em>}: <em>S</em>_{<em>Hmax</em>} = 1 : 0.92–0.94 : 1.42–1.66 with the azimuth of <em>S</em>_{<em>Hmax</em>} in N101°E –N110°E range, based on the compilation of both direct and indirect stress information. The results also suggest a friction coefficient range of 0.35–0.38 that can best explain the involved stress constraints. The stress model suggested in this study can explain the characteristics of the M_w 5.5 Pohang earthquake in November 2017 in terms of reproducing the slip rake of mainshock and the slip tendency of the corresponding fault. Therefore, the result can be used for clarifying the causal mechanism of the Pohang earthquake, providing an insight for fault stability analysis or possible geo-energy application in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Comprehensive in-situ stress estimation method suggested in this study integrating extensive direct and indirect stress indicators can improve the credibility of the in-situ stress model at a fractured reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 105978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of hydraulic fracture propagation in multi-hole synchronous fracturing in horizontal wells in sandstone","authors":"Yulong Jiang ,&nbsp;Weiguo Liang ,&nbsp;Haojie Lian ,&nbsp;Wei He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic fracture propagation in multi-hole synchronous fracturing plays a critical role in forming complex fracture networks in unconventional reservoirs. However, the propagation mechanism of multi-hole synchronous fracturing is still unclear, especially the effects of the fracturing borehole spacing and natural fracture. In this study, a series of experiments using a triaxial loading system were conducted to investigate the stress shadow effect in multi-hole hydraulic fractures propagation with different borehole spacings and the interaction between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures in specimens during hydraulic fracturing. The results indicated the following: 1) There is an obvious stress shadow effect in multiple fracture propagation, significantly influencing the fracture propagation path, direction and fracture initiation pressure. Hydraulic fracture propagation in multi-hole fracturing tests in specimens with different fracturing borehole spacings is significantly different, and increasing the fracturing borehole spacing can effectively change the fracture propagation path in the interior borehole and reduce the stress shadow effect. Compared to single cluster fracturing, hydraulic fractures in multi-hole fracturing show a single-wing form instead of double-wing propagation at the pre-existing artificial fractures, presenting asymmetrical and elliptical propagation of hydraulic fractures network. (2) The stress shadow effect effectively helps communicate adjacent fractures, resulting in a more complex fractures network. Under the stress conditions of 5/8/12 MPa and specimen size of 300 × 300 × 50 mm, when the fracturing hole spacing is small (less than 50 mm), hydraulic fractures perpendicular to the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress generate from the external fracturing holes on both sides, and the hydraulic fractures parallel to the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress generate from the middle fracturing hole. These hydraulic fractures propagate and interconnect, forming a complex fracture network. There is a critical spacing of 50 mm. (3) Under the influence of stress shadow, multiple fractures are more likely to penetrate artificial pre-existing fractures compared to hydraulic fractures in single fracturing hole, and can more effectively connect artificial pre-existing fractures, resulting in more complex fracture shapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106013"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mathematical model for the shape prediction of bedded salt cavern used for energy storage","authors":"Tao He ,&nbsp;Tongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Chunhe Yang ,&nbsp;Youqiang Liao ,&nbsp;Dongzhou Xie ,&nbsp;Zhekang Ding ,&nbsp;J.J.K. Daemen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vertical layering and anisotropic characteristics of bedded rock salt are different from those of salt mounds, and the brine reinjection operation during the cavern creation process makes it difficult to predict the distribution of brine concentration in the cavern. The accumulation of slag in the complex cavern affects the brine flow characteristics and cavern volume, which makes the water-soluble cavern formation in bedded rock salt deviate from the expected design. In this paper, we propose the control scheme and required technology for cavern construction system in bedded rock salt, establish the prediction theory of brine cavern concentration and flow rate considering the cavern morphology and brine injection and drainage scheme, establish the prediction theory of dissolution morphology and insoluble matter morphology considering the difference of mineral components, and complete the coupled solution of the flow field, concentration field, morphology expansion, and insoluble matter morphology prediction, and give an example of software platform development with parameter input and graphic display function. A software platform development example with parameter input and graphic display functions is provided to facilitate engineers’ use. After the function test and the calculation of the cavern creation example, this paper can improve the stability of the control of cavern creation in bedded rock salt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106029"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}