International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Inferring fracture dilation and shear slip from surface deformation utilising trained surrogate models","authors":"Saeed Salimzadeh ,&nbsp;Dane Kasperczyk ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sayyafzadeh ,&nbsp;Teeratorn Kadeethum","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An important task in energy and CO₂ storage (sequestration) in the subsurface is to verify that the surrounding fractures and faults are not activated, acting as leakage pathways. This is achievable through effective and efficient Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) plans. In this work, two surrogate models are trained to captures dilation (opening) and shear deformation of fractures, and the associated surface deformation. The trained surrogate model, based on conditional Generative-Adversarial Networks (cGAN) receives fracture apertures from dilational fractures together with fracture slips from shear fractures and predicts the combined surface deformation. An inversion algorithm based on Bayesian framework is proposed to identify the geometry of both types of fractures, as well as volume of dilational fractures and deformation moment induced by shear fractures, all from the measured surface deformation data. The inversion algorithm utilises the Differential Evolution (DE) optimisation technique that has the superior performance in finding the global minimum of cost function. The proposed surrogate-assisted inversion successfully inferred the unknown dip, dip direction and the volume of the dilational fractures as well as the induced deformation moment in shear fractures. The model was further tested for the inversion of a field hydraulic fracturing tilt dataset applying different scenarios with varying unknowns to show the model's performance, as well as incorporating shear deformation for better match with the observed data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106077"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of roughness and slip velocity on the evolution of frictional strength","authors":"Quan Gan ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Jianye Chen ,&nbsp;Fengshou Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhong ,&nbsp;Yunzhong Jia ,&nbsp;Pengliang Yu ,&nbsp;Mengke An ,&nbsp;Derek Elsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface roughness and slip velocity play a critical role in determining the strength of crustal faults and their potential seismic response. We examine these controls through slide-hold-slide (SHS) experiments on bare sandstone fractures of variable roughnesses and slip velocities. These experiments explore the effects of frictional healing and frictional relaxation quantified through rate-and state-dependent friction law (RSF). Frictional healing rates (<em>β</em>) range between 0.0020 and 0.0074 and frictional relaxation rates (<em>β</em>_c) between 0.0058 and 0.0097. Increases in surface roughness and shear velocity each accelerate healing and relaxation, whereas elevated normal stresses promote accelerated healing but suppress relaxation. Fracture contact area is closely correlated with changes in frictional healing rate with the evolution of protrusion playing a key role in this frictional response. The number of time-binned AE ring-down counts increase with increasing strength as observed during reactivation – and therefore serve as a reliable indicator of increased strength gain. The logarithmic relationship between hold-time and evolution in the contact area is confirmed by correlations with seismic moment independently measured from the absolutely calibrated AE data. This correlates with an observed increased RSF-<em>b</em> evocative of elevated frictional recovery during hold that translates to a more rapid and intense energy release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106076"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of time-dependent response of jointed rock masses using the 3D DEM-DFN modeling approach","authors":"Mingzheng Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the mechanical response of jointed rock mass, especially its potential changes over time, is vital for the design of geotechnical structures with a long service lifetime. This article studies time-dependent deformations of jointed rock masses based on the 3D distinct element method (DEM) incorporating discrete fracture networks (DFN). A new 3D creep model for jointed rock masses is developed, emphasizing the structural failure due to the creep sliding of joints while considering the long-term strength and the time-to-failure phenomenon of intact rocks. The creep sliding constitutive model of joints is developed based on Barton's nonlinear strength criterion. First, the model implementation, parameter calibration, and model validations are introduced. Then, a case study of the TAS08 tunnel in Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden is presented. A DFN model using field mapping data is constructed using Mofrac. The time-dependent response of the TAS08 tunnel is analyzed using the proposed creep model for jointed rock masses. Based on the simulation results, it show that the proposed approach can effectively simulate the time-dependent deformation of jointed rock masses. The DEM-DFN simulation approach provides a valuable tool for analyzing time-dependent responses of excavations and managing hazards associated with structurally controlled failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106062"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water retention behavior of a gas shale: Wettability-controlled water saturation and anisotropic hydromechanical response","authors":"Jinwoo Kim ,&nbsp;Alessio Ferrari ,&nbsp;Russell Ewy ,&nbsp;Lyesse Laloui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas shales are fine-grained, organic-rich sedimentary geomaterials with ultra-low permeability requiring hydraulic stimulation for gas extraction. Characterizing their water retention behavior is critical for predicting hydromechanical behavior and fluid flow, yet it remains challenging due to their complex pore network and mixed wettability. This study investigates the water retention behavior of a gas shale through comprehensive characterization and laboratory tests, where water content and strains both perpendicular and parallel to the bedding plane were measured over two wetting-drying cycles. The results suggest that the coexistence of hydrophilic clay minerals and hydrophobic organic matter limits water access to parts of the pore and microcrack network, resulting in incomplete saturation even at a null suction. Three water retention models were modified by introducing an additional parameter to account for this wettability effect, among which the van Genuchten model provided the best overall fit. The fitted curves revealed a surprisingly low air entry value, underscoring the role of percolated hydrophobic networks in facilitating gas flow. The swelling strains indicated irreversible opening of bedding-parallel microcracks. The shrinkage strains were reversible, better representing the elastic hydromechanical anisotropy. Comparisons with other shales revealed that shrinkage anisotropy correlates more strongly with burial depth than with clay fraction, suggesting that compaction and diagenesis may play a more critical role than the amount of clay. Wettability may reduce the impact of pores and microcracks on shrinkage anisotropy. These findings emphasize the need for advanced constitutive models for gas shales that incorporate the observed wettability-controlled water saturation and hydromechanical anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106061"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental insights into coupled hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical behaviors of granite fractures: Implications for indirect estimation of crustal permeability changes","authors":"Takuya Ishibashi,&nbsp;Yusuke Yamaya,&nbsp;Hiroshi Asanuma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To indirectly ascertain the coupled hydraulic and mechanical behaviors within subsurface rock fracture networks, it is imperative to establish principles linking permeability, geophysical exploration data (such as electrical conductivity and elastic wave velocity), and internal void structure. To enhance our foundational understanding of these aspects, we conducted an experimental investigation into the hydraulic-mechanical-electric coupled behaviors of granite fractures exhibiting various degrees of surface roughness. The study involved two cases: varying the external pressure (i.e., confining pressure) under a constant flow rate, and varying the pore pressure and associated flow rate under a constant external pressure. Laboratory experiments yielded the following key insights: (1) Both the permeability and electrical conductivity of granite fractures exhibited nonlinear reductions with increasing effective stress, followed by increments upon decreasing effective stress. Notably, we observed hysteresis in both parameters during loading and unloading phases. (2) Fractures with rougher surfaces demonstrated increased impedance to fluid and electrical flow. Particularly in instances of highly rough surface fractures, subtle variations in the pore structure resulted in notable discrepancies in the trends of permeability and electrical conductivity alterations. (3) The ratio of hydraulic aperture to electrical aperture was quantified as approximately 0.11 for saw-cut fractures roughened with silicon carbide, while it ranged between 0.18 and 0.37 for tensile mode fractures. Based on these results, we present an indirect estimation method for crustal permeability changes in fractured rocks based on 3-D time-lapse ERT imaging results. According to this method, it is estimated that in the observation period covered by Johnson et al. (2021), crustal permeability at the EGS Collab site may increase by a maximum of 2.1–3.8 times due to the pressure-induced aperture dilation of pre-existing natural fractures, while compressive shadow stress may reduce the crustal permeability by a factor of 0.3–0.5 times the original value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106060"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating multidirectional fractures through particle jamming","authors":"Yusuke Mukuhira ,&nbsp;Ryota Goto ,&nbsp;Noriaki Watanabe ,&nbsp;Kazumasa Sueyoshi ,&nbsp;Kohei Takuma ,&nbsp;Rongchang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tongfei Tian ,&nbsp;Vladimir Sokolovski ,&nbsp;Makoto Naoi ,&nbsp;Yuko Arai ,&nbsp;Takaaki Tomai ,&nbsp;Masaoki Uno ,&nbsp;Takatoshi Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic fracturing initiates the fractures along the direction of maximum-stress in a plane normal to a borehole by injecting high-pressure fluid. Nucleated fractures enhance permeability around boreholes, facilitating the extraction of various subsurface resources and the injection of storage fluids such as CO₂ or H₂. However, hydraulic fracturing cannot technically generate fractures in directions other than that of the maximum-stress orientation; therefore, permeability enhancement is also limited along that direction. Here, we show experimentally induced multidirectional fractures using shear thickening fluid (STF) as the fracturing fluid, where its viscosity changes with shear rate owing to jamming of suspended nanoparticles. Laboratory experiments under uniaxial, biaxial, and true-triaxial conditions revealed that solidified STF effectively sealed nucleated fractures, leading to increased borehole pressure, even after the initial fracturing. In contrast, traditional hydraulic fracturing cannot maintain borehole pressure once the first hydraulic fracture is nucleated. This repeated pressure buildup facilitated the generation of multidirectional fractures, significantly increasing permeability in various directions around boreholes and substantially improving access to targeted formations. Consequently, the novel approach of using STF in fracturing successfully overcomes the limitations of traditional hydraulic fracturing techniques, which can increase the efficiency of energy extraction and impoundment to reduce global carbon footprint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106051"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesomechanical weakening mechanism of coal modified by nanofluids with disparately sized SiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Quanle Zou,&nbsp;Tengfei Ma,&nbsp;Jinyan Liang,&nbsp;Bochao Xu,&nbsp;Qican Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their stability, SiO₂ nanofluids have potential engineering applications for weakening the mechanical properties of coal and improving the water-injection effect in coal seams. The nanoparticle size is a pivotal factor that affects the properties of nanofluids. Herein, nanoindentation tests and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to probe the variations in the mesomechanical parameters of coal samples treated using nanofluids with various SiO₂ particle sizes. It is demonstrated that the mechanical parameters of coal treated with disparately sized nanoparticles exhibit a drastic diminishment, followed by a rebound increase. The fundamental mechanical parameters of the coal samples treated with 30 nm nanoparticles present the most prominent change. Simultaneously, the degree of plastic damage of the coal after the nanoparticle modification treatment gradually enlarge, corresponding to a downward trend in the proportion of the elastic potential energy of the coal, which can remarkably lower the degree of energy release. Furthermore, large-size nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of each group of coals readily agglomerate together due to their size to block the fractures. The SiO₂ nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm can be noticeably adsorbed and aggregated inside the pore space of the coal, which could subsequently imbibe an overwhelming amount of water and notably loosen the adhesion among mineral particles, thereby lessening the binding force, and thus enforcing the degradation of mechanical properties. The research achievements are helpful in advancing the rational selection of nanoparticle parameters in nanofluid enhanced water injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106056"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real-time rock mass class identification model of the tunnel face based on TBM tunneling and the corresponding muck characteristic parameters","authors":"Liu Huang ,&nbsp;Qiuming Gong ,&nbsp;Ju Wang ,&nbsp;Hongsu Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xingfei Xie ,&nbsp;Hongjiao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TBM tunneling is the result of interaction between the rock mass and the machine. Rapid identification of the rock mass condition at the tunnel face is crucial for the safety and efficiency of TBM tunneling. This study was based on the spiral ramp project of the Beishan Underground Research Laboratory. A TBM muck analysis system was installed on the TBM conveyor belt to obtain the muck characteristic and TBM tunneling parameters. Combining the muck characteristic parameters, TBM tunneling parameters and the corresponding rock mass classes at the tunnel face, a multi-source database was established. Subsequently, machine learning models for rock mass class identification were developed based on TBM tunneling parameters, muck characteristic parameters, and their fusion, respectively. The LightGBM model based on these fusion parameters including tunneling and muck characteristic parameters, significantly outperforms other models, achieving an Accuracy of 0.934, an F1-score of 0.932, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.904. The model was validated in the subsequent TBM tunneling in the same project. It demonstrated the reliability of the model in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106057"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of thin spray-on layer (TSL) wrapping support on the spalling failure characteristics of sandstone","authors":"Shiming Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfan Bai ,&nbsp;Wentao Long ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Wu ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Li ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safety and stability of underground structures can be enhanced by using a novel support material known as the thin spray-on liner (TSL). This material forms a continuous and robust protective layer on rock surfaces leveraging its superior bonding properties and tensile strength. However, the performance of TSL under the dynamic loading conditions caused by mining disturbances requires further investigation. To address this, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) spalling tests were conducted on TSL and mortar coating specimens with varying coating length and thicknesses. High-speed photography was employed to capture the spalling failure process of specimens in detail. The experimental results revealed that the bonding force between the TSL and rock decreased as the TSL's coating thickness increased. Compared to the uncoated sandstone specimens, the spalling strength of TSL-coated specimens was lower. Nevertheless, the spalling strength increased with greater TSL thickness and length. Initial cracking was observed at the interface between the coating and the rock. Similar patterns were noted for the mortar-coated specimens, although they exhibited different supporting mechanisms and higher layer cracking strengths. Additionally, FLAC3D-PFC3D coupled modeling was utilized to validate the experimental findings. The numerical simulation results aligned closely with the experimental data under identical impact loading. But when the impact load increases, the spalling strength of the TSL-coated specimen decreased with greater TSL coating thickness and length. The research results can aid in optimizing the design of support structures for underground roadways and serve as a reference for evaluating their stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106054"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-dependent permeability in sedimentary rocks: A fractal model based on poroelastic compressibilities","authors":"Santiago G. Solazzi ,&nbsp;Guido Panizza ,&nbsp;Dario G. Robledo ,&nbsp;Esteban A. Domene ,&nbsp;Emilio Camilión","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress variations in the subsurface can modify the permeability and the poroelastic compressibilities of rocks and soils. In general, stress-dependent permeability predictions are based on empirical models, which disregard the underlying connection between permeability and poroelastic compressibilites. In this work, we present a physically-based constitutive model to predict stress-induced permeability variations in sedimentary rocks accounting for the fact that drained pore compressibilities vary with the differential stress. The proposed model is based on a fractal conceptualization of the pore space and results in a closed analytical expression. We validate the proposed model with experimental measurements of pore compressibility and permeability in a series of sedimentary rocks by means of a fractal dimension parameter fitting. Results show that the corresponding fractal dimensions are in reasonable agreement with pore size distributions, obtained from thin section analysis, and capillary pressure saturation curves of the corresponding rocks, given by mercury intrusion tests. Finally, we compare the proposed model with alternative stress-dependent permeability models that are broadly used in the specific literature, such as, exponential and power law models, and attempt to provide these empirical models with a first order physical interpretation. The proposed approach and associated results may help estimating permeability from poroelastic compressibility measurements, which is, to date, widely regarded as a frontier in the overall fields of Geomechanics and Applied Geophysics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106055"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}