International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on mechanical properties and macro–mesoscale damage evolution of coal following true triaxial dynamic impact","authors":"Xiayan Zhang ,&nbsp;Enyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Rongxi Shen ,&nbsp;Zhoujie Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During deep coal mining, the coal mass inevitably suffers damage under three-dimensional stress due to dynamic loads. This damage renders the coal highly susceptible to instability and failure under static loads, thereby posing a threat to engineering safety. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate coal affected by true triaxial dynamic damage. This study aims to elucidate the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of coal after true triaxial dynamic impact. True triaxial dynamic impact tests were conducted on coal specimens under varying deviatoric stresses and impact velocities. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests were performed before and after impact to examine changes in pore structure, followed by uniaxial quasi-static loading tests on the impacted coal samples. The results indicate that as deviatoric stress increases, the coal's dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic peak stress, elastic modulus, and uniaxial compressive strength decrease, while dynamic peak strain, strain rate, static peak strain, and crack compaction strain increase. Higher impact velocities elevate dynamic mechanical parameters but simultaneously deteriorate static mechanical characteristics. Additionally, with increasing deviatoric stress and impact velocity, the number of internal pores rises, the proportion of micropores declines, the proportion of meso-macropores rises, the multifractal dimension of the pore structure diminishes, pore connectivity improves, permeability increases, and damage severity intensifies. This study elucidates the fundamental mechanism by which internal pore structure damage in coal leads to the degradation of macroscopic mechanical properties and proposes a quantitative characterization of this deterioration process based on porosity evolution. By incorporating this damage mechanism, a novel statistical damage constitutive model has been developed that accurately describes the mechanical behavior of coal under true triaxial dynamic impact and reloading conditions. These findings deepen the understanding of the complex damage evolution of coal under intricate stress states, offering critical insights for safety control and stability assessment in deep mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106142"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence of cutterhead cone angle on rock breaking by double disc cutters in shaft boring machines","authors":"Yiqiang Kang ,&nbsp;Renshu Yang ,&nbsp;Liyun Yang ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Sun ,&nbsp;Chenxi Ding ,&nbsp;Fei Ma ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development and utilization of deep earth resources have become a strategic scientific and technological issue that humanity must address. Shafts serve as the vital passage to the deep earth, and full-face shaft boring machines (SBMs) are crucial for mechanized shaft construction. In this study, the inefficiency of rock-breaking with disc cutters was investigated by analyzing the SBM's unique conical cutterhead. Specifically, a mechanical model accounting for the cutterhead cone angle parameter <em>β</em> was developed with a flat-edged cutter as an example. The contact area pressure distribution was precisely analyzed to derive the analytical solution for the pressure distribution on rock surfaces under different <em>β</em> angles. This model was employed to trace the evolution of the asymmetrical Von Mises stress distribution within the rock. Through numerical simulations and penetration tests, the symmetrical breaking mechanisms and characteristics of rocks under conical cutterheads were revealed regarding stress, strain, and fracture fields. The results specify that a marked asymmetry in rock failure occurred under double disc cutter penetration. Additionally, the rock breakage region on the left of the cutter axis was larger than that on the right, especially around the lower disc. As the angle <em>β</em> increased, asymmetry became more pronounced, and the total rock breakage area decreased rapidly. An increase in <em>β</em> from 0° to 60° brought about a decrease in the rock breakage area and the specific energy consumption by 53 % and 18 %, respectively. However, the reduction in energy consumption was significantly less than that of the breakage area. Thus, cutterhead design should minimize <em>β</em> to within an angle of 60° while maintaining effective rock chip removal. These research results lay a theoretical foundation for the design of the cutterhead structure of shaft boring machines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106127"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure mechanism of deep TBM tunnels subjected to dynamic disturbance under true triaxial unloading stress path","authors":"Biao Wang ,&nbsp;Ben-Guo He ,&nbsp;Junlong Shang ,&nbsp;Zihui Zhu ,&nbsp;Hejun Yu ,&nbsp;Xinzhong Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The peril posed by time-delayed rockburst significantly undermines the safety of deep-buried tunnel construction and operation, with dynamic disturbance recognized as a pivotal triggering factor. Vibration monitoring of critical Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) components and surrounding rock surfaces within TBM-constructed tunnels shows that low-frequency dynamic disturbance affects the failure behavior of excavated surrounding rock. However, the mechanism underpinning instability of hard rock under dynamic disturbance during stress adjustment in deep excavations remains elusive. To bridge this gap, multilevel dynamic disturbance experiments (<em>A</em> = 1 MPa, <em>f</em> = 20 Hz) under true triaxial loading and unloading paths were conducted. The results indicate that dynamic disturbances can accelerate the failure of granite, with its strength reduced by 10 %–12 % under the combined effects of high-stress unloading damage. These effects diminish the energy storage capacity of rock mass, thereby lowering the threshold for rockburst occurrence. The deformation rates of granite increase with each phase of <em>σ</em>₁ loading and <em>σ</em>₃ unloading. Based on real-time deformation rate observations at the final stage, critical instability characteristics are categorized into two types: stress adjustment and dynamic disturbance. With prolonged exposure to dynamic disturbance, a distinct acceleration-stabilization-acceleration (V-shaped) pattern appears in the strain rate of dynamic disturbance-induced failure. Acoustic emission monitoring demonstrates the degradation mechanism in hard rock subjected to dynamic disturbance, leading to the initiation of tensile cracks and accelerating the propagation of cracks across fracture surfaces. Ultimately, the effect of supporting stress was evaluated through comparative testing. A regulatory strategy was proposed for controlling the evolution process of dynamic disturbance-triggered rockbursts, entailing the construction of a three-dimensional wave-absorbed support system for the excavated rock surrounding deep-buried tunnels. These findings provide a valuable reference for understanding, early warning, and controlling the mechanisms underlying time-delayed rockbursts triggered by dynamic disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106128"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock slope stability and hydromechanical coupling evaluation on the relay ramp-controlled failure mechanism in Mae Moh Mine, Thailand","authors":"Phopthorn Maneepong ,&nbsp;Cheowchan Leelasukseree ,&nbsp;Thirapong Pipatpongsa ,&nbsp;Photchara Sangkhaphan ,&nbsp;Thanakorn Maneewat ,&nbsp;Apipat Chaiwan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex tectonic history of the Mae Moh mine in Thailand created normal faults, which formed a relay ramp that controlled the failure mechanism of the massive block in the C1-west wall. Geotechnical monitoring data between 2021 and 2023 revealed that the slope deformation was predominantly influenced by mining activities and precipitations, resulting from the hydromechanical (HM) coupling process. A 3D-distinct element model was performed to calculate displacement and the factor of safety (FS) of the mine plans in 2023, 2034 and 2041. The modeling scenarios consisted of dry condition, water table with effective stress analysis, and HM coupling analysis. The numerical analysis revealed the failure mechanisms, including bi-planar compound block sliding, bi-planar rotational block sliding, and toe pushing-up influenced by the dipping of the relay ramp. The maximum displacement and FS obtained from the HM coupling analysis were found to be more critical than those derived from the traditional methods, particularly in 2041, where the excavation created a fully open-pit wall face. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis indicated the instability if the groundwater level reaches the critical value. The monitoring data and numerical model identified that disturbances from stress relaxation due to unloading led to increased permeability in discontinuities, causing slope stability sensitive to changes in the subsurface groundwater during mining activities. These findings emphasize the significant effect of the HM coupling process on slope stability and highly recommend integrating the HM coupling approach into slope design to achieve a more representative and conservative risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate-dependent constitutive modelling of dynamic fracture in quasi-brittle materials","authors":"Ziyun Li ,&nbsp;Vinh T. Le ,&nbsp;Giang D. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ha H. Bui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic fracture of quasi-brittle materials, including rocks and concrete, is characterised by highly inhomogeneous deformation along localised cracking paths, exhibiting a significant rate-dependent effect that governs both fracture toughness and crack propagation trajectories. To capture the significant discontinuities of the localised fracturing band and its rate-dependent failure mechanisms, this study proposes a novel rate-dependent cohesive model integrated within a double-scale constitutive framework. The framework incorporates the localised failure mechanism as an intrinsic characteristic by using kinematic enrichment to account for the high deformation gradient across the localisation band. The proposed rate-dependent cohesive model distinctly incorporates the Dynamic Increase Factors (<em>DIF</em>) for both tensile and shear strength components to characterise mixed-mode dynamic fracture behaviour. Furthermore, by featuring a length scale intrinsically linked to the volume element size at the constitutive level, the size effects is naturally incorporated. The model's performance and promising features are demonstrated through its ability to capture dynamic fracture initiation, orientation and propagation under various impact load conditions. This opens the potential for understanding and simulating the complex dynamic fracture processes in quasi-brittle materials under high strain rate conditions, offering valuable insights for engineering applications involving impact load and dynamic structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106122"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation efficiency and acoustic efficiency in rock cracking: a new understanding from low and high frequency waveforms","authors":"Xu Li ,&nbsp;Daniel Dias-da-Costa ,&nbsp;Guangyao Si ,&nbsp;Sheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Ghislain Bournival ,&nbsp;Luming Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of acoustic emission (AE) techniques can capture the formation of discontinuities during crack propagation. Although the received waveforms exhibit significantly different frequency spectrum, the high and low frequency components are usually not separately examined and processed. In addition, the radiation efficiency and acoustic efficiency in acoustic radiation are not well analysed in brittle failure. This study proposed an AE waveform separation based on the frequency response. The acoustic radiation energy showed that P waves account for 0.0137 % and S waves 0.0433 % of the total input energy. However, the allocation of S wave energy between high and low frequency waveforms indicated the occurrence of shear microcracks in tensile crack propagation. The high frequency events were found to more likely be energetic events, featuring a similar profile to foreshocks before earthquakes. This likely results from energy dissipation due to shear microcracking friction The acoustic efficiency was observed to remain nearly independent of frequency and failure mechanisms, following a log-normal distribution. In conclusion, this study revealed a new relationship between acoustic emissions and crack propagation in brittle materials. The results suggest that the ground damage generated by a tensile earthquake could be more destructive than that by a same level shear earthquake owing to a higher percentage of energy radiation. This could be particularly important in the mine earthquake risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106129"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling of rock spalling around a tunnel using visco-plastic interface elements and a rock removal strategy","authors":"L. Crusat ,&nbsp;I. Carol ,&nbsp;D. Garolera ,&nbsp;P. Trinchero ,&nbsp;A. Idiart ,&nbsp;M. Calpe ,&nbsp;D. Mas-Ivars","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock spalling is a brittle failure process that occurs around tunnels excavated in hard rock under high in-situ stress states. In nuclear waste disposal, spalling in fractured crystalline rock could create connected fractures, potentially providing pathways for radionuclides. Robust numerical models are therefore needed to evaluate the extent of rock spalling so that the design and layout of a prospective deep geological repository can be optimized and made fit for purpose. With this motivation in mind, this study proposes a methodology for the numerical analysis of rock spalling based on zero-thickness interface elements with a visco-plastic-fracture constitutive law, combined with a workflow for finite element removal/excavation. To simulate spalling, zero-thickness interface elements are pre-inserted along a sufficient number of mesh lines with random orientation within the rock mass. A uniform initial stress state is generated and the excavation of the circular tunnel is performed by removing the corresponding elements, which leads to stresses in excess of the elastic limit in some of the interfaces, and subsequent visco-plastic fracture openings. A criterion for excavation of the finite elements around the tunnel is established when a block which is totally surrounded by failed interfaces is totally detached or can slide off the mesh following a kinematically admissible path. The excavation of blocks causes a stress redistribution around the tunnel and this leads the need for new excavation steps, until a new equilibrium configuration is reached. The proposed methodology is applied to assess rock spalling in the Mine-by Experiment at the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited’s (AECL’s) Underground Research Laboratory in the massive Lac du Bonnet granite. The focus of the analysis is to understand the mechanisms and the influencing factors that lead to brittle failure, and to calibrate material properties to reproduce both the final stress state of the tunnel and its spalling depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106096"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the mineral composition and pore structure on the tensile mechanical properties of shale from a microscopic perspective: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Xiaobin Yang ,&nbsp;Junqing Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Fujie Jiang ,&nbsp;Hong Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shale oil and gas—important unconventional hydrocarbon resources—exhibit huge exploration potential. The tensile mechanical properties of shale are crucial for enhancing oil and gas recovery. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate shale tensile properties. The influence of the mineral composition and pore structure of shale on its tensile mechanical properties and underlying microscopic mechanisms were studied. Results revealed that compared to single-mineral models, composite models generally exhibited considerably lowered tensile strengths (reductions of 47.1 %–98.8 %). However, in the 001 direction, the kerogen–montmorillonite model showed 10.1 % higher tensile strength than montmorillonite. This composite model also showed higher tensile strength than kerogen, exhibiting increases of 157.3 %–1859.6 % in all crystal directions. However, the kerogen–calcite model exhibited 31 % lower tensile strength in the 001 direction than kerogen. An increase in the pore size from 2 to 10 nm resulted in Young's modulus reductions for all minerals by 1.5 %–99.3 % in all crystal directions. Kaolinite exhibited the smallest reduction in Young's modulus in the 100 Crystal directions (1.5 %) and the largest in the 001 Crystal direction (99.3 %). The geometrical control mechanism of pore morphology on damage resistance is decoded, the resistance of different pore shapes to damage varies, demonstrating orientation-dependent failure patterns where slit-shaped pores provide maximum stability in 100 and 010 Crystal directions while triangular configurations dominate in 001 Crystal direction. These findings establish structure-property relationships at the atomic scale that advance fundamental understanding of shale's failure mechanics, while providing engineering-relevant guidelines for predicting hydraulic fracture propagation and optimizing reservoir stimulation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106123"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cyclic high-voltage pulse discharge on the formation mechanism of rock plasma channels and quantitative assessment of its weakening effect on rock strength","authors":"Jifeng Kang ,&nbsp;Songcheng Tan ,&nbsp;Bin Xia ,&nbsp;Shaojun Li ,&nbsp;Changping Li ,&nbsp;Longchen Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High voltage electric pulse (HVEP) technology is expected to revolutionize deep resource extraction and underground space engineering construction technology. Understanding the establishment mechanism of the plasma channel and the pulsed discharge impact on the mechanical characteristics of rock is considered key to the widespread utilization of this technology. In this work, cycle discharge experiments on sandstone were carried out. Subsequently, the post-experiment rock samples were tested for wave velocity and uniaxial compression tests to quantitatively evaluate the weakening law of the rock's mechanical properties due to cyclic discharge. Concurrently, the formation mechanism of plasma channels within the sandstone was analyzed using Computed Tomography (CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), whereas the weakening mechanism of rock strength by pulsed discharge was discussed. The results demonstrated that the peak current, propagation time of the current in sandstone, and the degree of rock fragmentation increased with the number of cycle discharges. The cycle discharges decreased the P-wave velocity (Vp), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and elastic modulus (E) of the rocks. The CT scan results indicated the plasma channel was established in the rock after the first discharge. According to the SEM observations, the existence of intergranular and intragranular cracks in the rock in the plasma channel was revealed, while the rock outside remained undamaged. In addition, the EDS analysis of the plasma channel surface revealed that the cycle discharges formed substances similar to acidic magma, suggesting that the discharge generated high temperatures in the rock. The synergistic action of the high temperature and shock waves leads to the development of plasma channels and the electricfragmentation of rocks. However, the high-temperature effect is limited within the zone of the plasma channels. The research results provide valuable insights into deeply understanding the destruction process of rocks under the application of HVEPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling rockbursts around a deep tunnel based on the particle finite element method: From progressive degradation to catastrophic ejection","authors":"Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a novel computational framework based on the particle finite element method for simulating rockburst phenomena, from pre-failure initiation to failure evolution and to post-failure mobilisation and ejection, across spatiotemporal scales in hard rocks. The proposed framework builds upon a rigorously validated and extensively calibrated particle finite element model, distinguished by its unique capability to handle large deformation problems. This framework can simultaneously capture the creep damage mechanism based on a time-dependent strength degradation model and the brittle fracturing process based on a cohesion loss-frictional strengthening model. The post-failure mobilisation is further governed by a frictional weakening formulation to capture the associated stress drop behaviour. We consider the intrinsic material heterogeneity assuming a Weibull distribution of rock mass properties and represent the nearby fault zone as a thin continuum layer with equivalent mechanical properties. We apply the model to investigate the processes and phenomena of deep tunnelling-induced rockbursts under different stress and heterogeneity conditions. Our simulation results, grounded in a thoroughly validated modelling framework, yield insights with important implications for understanding and predicting catastrophic rockbursts during deep tunnel excavation. While further site-specific calibration would be required for practical application, the current framework demonstrates strong potential as a predictive tool for evaluating rockburst hazards in complex geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106131"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}