International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Cyclic fatigue effect on mechanical property change of hot dry rock in wellbores of enhanced geothermal systems","authors":"Ming Wu, Zaobao Liu, Houyu Wang, Hongyuan Zhou, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106303","url":null,"abstract":"The fatigue effects induced by cyclic hydraulic fracturing and cyclic injection production in deep geothermal reservoirs are crucial for wellbore stability assessment of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Real-time high-temperature true triaxial fatigue compression tests were conducted on granite samples under thermal-mechanical coupled conditions with five representative temperatures (20 °C, 60 °C, 90 °C, 130 °C, and 180 °C) and in-situ stress conditions in the Gonghe geothermal field. The effect of temperature on fatigue strength, deformation, and fatigue life was investigated for the hot dry rock under high true triaxial stresses. The results indicate that high temperatures decrease the peak stress, fatigue strength, fatigue life, and fatigue deformation of the hot dry rock even under high stress. The hot dry rock remains show brittle failure under the tested high-temperature and high-stress true triaxial compression conditions. The ratcheting effect under cyclic loads is more significant in the <ce:italic>σ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> direction than in the <ce:italic>σ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf> and <ce:italic>σ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> directions. The phase transition from expansion to compression in the intermediate principal stress direction precedes fatigue macro failure. Microscopic analysis shows that high temperatures accelerate the nucleation of fatigue cracks in hot dry rocks. The results of this study contribute to the safe and efficient development of EGS projects, especially the wellbore instability under cyclic operations.","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation and numerical simulation on Multiphysics coupling of shale under laser irradiation","authors":"Mingxin Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Yuze Du ,&nbsp;Zeyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Li Ren ,&nbsp;Bengao Yang ,&nbsp;Gan Feng ,&nbsp;Yanan Gao ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an efficient, clean and controllable rock-breaking technique, laser technology has shown significant potential for application in assisted fracturing of deep shale reservoirs. In this investigation, shale was selected as the research subject, and laboratory experiments on laser-induced rock fracturing were conducted to systematically investigate the fracture behavior of shale with different bedding angles under laser irradiation. An electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical (E-T-M) coupling model considering thermal damage accumulation was developed by combining the finite element method with the discrete element method. This model was employed to comprehensively analyze the physical response and fracture mechanism of shale under laser irradiation. The results indicate that: (1) Under laser irradiation, crack propagation of shale is bedding-dominated, with final fracture surfaces largely coinciding with bedding planes; (2) Shale with bedding angles of 45° and 90° exhibits lower specific energy (SE) and higher rate of penetration (ROP) under laser irradiation. (3) Laser pretreatment significantly increases the number of local cracks generated during subsequent mechanical loading and enhances the spatial distribution of these cracks. (4) The fracture process of laser-treated shale under loading can be divided into three distinct stages: initiation, propagation, and coalescence. Based on laser diameters, two distinct fracture modes are identified: laser-strong response mode and laser-weak response mode. Depending on bedding angles, fracture patterns are categorized as cross-bedding penetration mode and along-bedding penetration mode. These findings provide a pioneering theoretical foundation for the development and application of laser rock-breaking technology in assisting deep-layer shale gas extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic evolution mechanisms of induced stresses in hydraulically fractured wells: Incorporating real gas characteristics","authors":"Zirui Yin ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengshou Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Wang ,&nbsp;Lianyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatiotemporal evolution mechanisms of induced stresses stemming from hydraulic fracturing and production, particularly in the context of actual gas extraction, remain poorly understood. Therefore, a novel simulation method for induced stress due to real gas production is proposed, integrating the Redlich-Kwong equation of state, the Lee-Gonzalez-Eakin correlation, and fluid-solid coupling theory. Furthermore, an integrated simulation of hydraulic fracturing and gas recovery is also achieved. This approach comprehensively accounts for the nonlinear compressibility and viscosity characteristics of real gases under high-pressure reservoir environments, while simultaneously incorporating the stress-dependent variations in reservoir porosity and permeability. We explore fracturing- and production-induced disturbances such as stress redistribution, displacement, and rotation angle, and assess the impact of fluid types. This work reveals that: (a) Hydraulic fracturing triggers the deflection zones comprising an elliptical main reversal zone and a large fan-shaped reorientation zone. In contrast, the production-induced deflection zones additionally feature a circular-arc-shaped secondary reversal zone at the leading edge of fracture tip. (b) Gas extraction induces a significantly larger deflection zone than oil recovery over the same production period. This disparity arises from the smaller dimensionless time of oil production relative to gas production. Nevertheless, both hydrocarbon recovery processes exhibit remarkably similar distribution of the deflection zone, a consequence of their identical dimensionless stress deviators. Our research offers a reliable simulation approach for induced stress evolution during hydrocarbon exploitation, which will provide the quantitative basis for optimizing the design of subsequent stimulations, and preventing potential engineering and geological disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of fracture network, permeability and induced seismicity during fatigue hydraulic fracturing","authors":"Chang Xia ,&nbsp;Huanyu Wu ,&nbsp;Ki-Bok Min ,&nbsp;Derek Elsworth ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic hydraulic fracturing (CHF) shows potential in reducing induced seismicity compared to conventional hydraulic fracturing (HF). However, controlling mechanisms that potentially limit induced seismicity but still enhance permeability during CHF remain unclear. We develop a novel time- and stress-dependent damage representative of fatigue crack growth through a coupled hydromechanical model using the block-based discrete element method (DEM). This new framework addresses the challenges in modeling CHF by simultaneously considering discrete fracture network, hydromechanical coupling, fatigue and in-situ stresses. Matching pressurization cycles-to-failure data in laboratory experiments confirms the contribution of sub-critical crack growth in the reduced breakdown pressures in CHF. Modeling fluid injections into a fractured reservoir with contrasting far-field stress ratios of 1.17 and 1.40 shows that CHF mainshocks are smaller than those by conventional HF. While HF induces seismicity primarily through the creation of new fractures, CHF generates seismicity predominantly from multiple small shear reactivations – these dissipate energy progressively and thereby reduce mainshock magnitude. CHF enhances permeability by creating a more connected fracture network than HF. Far-field stress ratio influences permeability by directing fracture growth orientations, and larger stress ratio leads to a higher proportion of shear fractures. This study provides new quantitative insights into the mechanisms of CHF in reducing induced seismicity while increasing effectiveness in elevating permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating numerical modeling and deep learning with electrical resistance tomography for rock mechanics","authors":"Gao-Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yusheng Deng ,&nbsp;Xin-Dong Wei ,&nbsp;Ze Xu ,&nbsp;Xifei Deng ,&nbsp;Hongbo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of physical testing and numerical modeling is becoming increasingly important in rock mechanics. This study leverages deep learning techniques to combine numerical modeling with an electrical resistance tomography (ERT) device. A dataset of complex conductivity distributions is first generated using numerical modeling with multi-point spline curves. A normalized data preprocessing method is then employed to transform measured physical signals into simulated signals while preserving their intrinsic characteristics. This approach enables transfer learning, allowing the trained network derived from numerical modeling to be effectively applied to the physical device. Building on this foundation, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model is developed, demonstrating significant advantages in terms of image reconstruction accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness. The effectiveness of the 1D-CNN model is validated through its application in monitoring changes in electrical conductivity distributions during rock seepage, crack propagation, and failure processes in red sandstone specimens. This methodology offers a robust framework for integrating numerical modeling with physical experiments, providing a promising solution to address complex challenges in rock mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the impacts of fracture morphology and grouting parameter on the slurry diffusion behavior in rough rock fracture with flowing water: Insights from numerical modeling","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Weng ,&nbsp;Peng Hou ,&nbsp;Zhaofei Chu ,&nbsp;Xiuliang Yin ,&nbsp;Yuxin Liang ,&nbsp;Quansheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the slurry diffusion behaviors in rough fracture with flowing water is essential for predicting the sealing efficiency and optimizing the grouting design. To study the slurry diffusion behaviors in rough fracture with flowing water, a slurry-water two-phase flow model in rough rock fractures with flowing water was proposed utilizing the CLSVOF method, the rhombus-square algorithm, and the Bingham rheological model. The numerical model was validated against theoretical solutions and experimental results. Subsequently, the influences of fracture roughness, fracture aperture, grouting hole diameter, water flow rate, and grouting pressure on slurry diffusion behavior were systematically studied. The results reveal that slurry diffusion undergoes distinct morphological transitions: initial circular diffusion, followed by an asymmetric elliptical shape, and ultimately U-shaped distribution. Water scouring is mainly observed at the upper region, sides, and outlet of the fracture. Fluid pressure decreases with increasing distance from grouting hole and increases over time during grouting. Greater fracture roughness reduces the scouring effect of flowing water and increases fluid pressure. Larger fracture apertures reduce sealing efficiency and promote slurry deposition. Increasing the grouting hole diameter significantly improve the slurry diffusion speed and sealing efficiency. In contrast, higher water flow rates accelerate slurry diffusion speed but intensify scouring along the fracture sides, thereby reducing sealing efficiency. Once the grouting pressure exceeds a certain threshold, its effect on final sealing efficiency becomes marginal. Higher water flow rate and grouting pressure leads to increased fluid pressure near the grouting hole. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting slurry diffusion behavior and optimizing dynamic water grouting strategies in fractured rock masses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-mechanical-chemical effects on flow properties of Opalinus Clay in CO2LPIE project","authors":"Hyunbin Kim ,&nbsp;Victor Vilarrasa ,&nbsp;Roman Y. Makhnenko","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the coupled hydro-mechanical-chemcial behavior and multiphase flow properties of Opalinus Clay – a potential caprock candidate for geologic carbon storage. A comprehensive series of laboratory tests is conducted to support the CO₂ Long-term Periodic Injection Experiment (CO₂LPIE) project at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, providing essential parameters for caprock characterization. Facies-dependent poroviscoelastic and transport properties are quantified: the sandy facies exhibit higher drained and unjacketed bulk moduli and permeability than the shaly facies, yet both facies display favorable long-term sealing potential with intrinsic permeability on the order of ∼10⁻²⁰ m² and breakthrough pressure of 2–4 MPa. Particular attention is given to the flow properties of the sandy facies under different testing scenarios including the experimental duration, pore pressure difference, fluid types, and saturation history. Long-term injection experiments highlight exponential permeability reduction driven by time-dependent compaction, which is effectively described by a poroviscoelastic model coupled with a power-law porosity-permeability relationship. In contrast, CO₂-rich water injection yields relatively stable permeability with only minor irreversible changes likely controlled by fluid-rock interactions, fluid affinity, and electrokinetic effects. Two-phase flow tests further reveal that CO₂ displaces water more effectively in the sandy facies, while CO₂ relative permeability is insensitive to lithological differences. These findings demonstrate that heterogeneous Opalinus Clay retains strong sealing integrity under coupled hydro-mechanical-chemical conditions and provide critical laboratory insights that complement ongoing in-situ monitoring within CO₂LPIE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of soil-rock mixtures based on improved 3-D DDA-SPH method","authors":"Changze Li ,&nbsp;Gonghui Wang ,&nbsp;Guangqi Chen ,&nbsp;Jingyao Gao ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Yu ,&nbsp;Xinyan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-rock mixtures (SRMs) are common in nature and are characterized by strong heterogeneity due to the coexistence of soil and irregular rock blocks. Understanding their complex deformation and failure mechanisms under dynamic conditions remains a major challenge. In this study, a powerful numerical approach is proposed based on the improved three-dimensional coupled Discontinuous Deformation Analysis and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (3-D DDA-SPH) method for analyzing the behavior of SRM slopes in three-dimensional conditions. Key improvements include a face-based multi-shell contact detection algorithm for fast neighbor boundary searching, an advanced contact force model that distinguishes particle-to-face, particle-to-edge, and particle-to-vertex interactions between DDA blocks and SPH particles, and the implementation of a nonlinear softening constitutive model within the SPH module to better capture soil behavior under large deformation. The improved 3-D DDA-SPH method is well validated through theoretical and experimental tests and is applied to the investigation of the effect of block sphericity on the SRM slope failure mechanism and dynamic behavior. The results demonstrate that irregular blocks with low sphericity significantly restrict deformation, localize failure zones, and reduce sliding volumes, whereas spherical blocks have a limited resistance. Moreover, high-sphericity blocks within the SRM exhibit increased rotational motion during landslide events, contributing to a more dispersed deposition pattern compared to blocks with lower sphericity. These findings provide valuable insights into SRM slope behavior and offer practical implications for slope stability assessment and the design of landslide mitigation strategies. The proposed method offers a robust tool for analyzing mixture geomaterials in geotechnical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of in-situ stress regime in the Koyna seismic zone, India from hydrofrac tests in a 3 km deep scientific borehole: implications for reservoir triggered seismicity","authors":"Vyasulu V. Akkiraju ,&nbsp;Deepjyoti Goswami ,&nbsp;Jochem Kueck ,&nbsp;Gerd Klee ,&nbsp;Brijesh K. Bansal ,&nbsp;Sukanta Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of in-situ stress field is crucial to assess the hazards associated with the impoundment of large water reservoirs. Scientific deep drilling to 3 km depth in the Koyna seismic zone, a classical site of recurrent reservoir triggered seismicity (RTS) over the past six decades, provided a rare opportunity to study the in-situ stress regime and its implications for RTS. Hydraulic fracturing (HF) tests were conducted at 9 levels in the crystalline basement between 1600 m and 2400 m. Breakdown pressures, re-frac pressures and shut-in pressures extracted from the pressure-time curves constrain the stress magnitudes S_hmin and S_Hmax while the orientations of the induced fractures are determined from post-frac acoustic images. The results are as follows. (1) Stress-depth profiles for the depth range 1607–2374 m are given by: S_hmin [MPa] = (22.4 ± 1.7) + (0.019 ± 0.003) × (TVD [m] - 1607); S_Hmax [MPa] = (44.3 ± 2.8) + (0.036 ± 0.006) × (TVD [m] - 1607), TVD being true vertical depth. (2) The mean orientation of S_Hmax is N2°E±19°, consistent with stress-induced wellbore failures and earthquake focal mechanisms. (3) The stress magnitudes confirm strike-slip to normal transitional faulting environment and a critically stressed crust. (4) Low shear stress along the Donichawadi fault and lack of evidence for supra-hydrostatic pressure imply that fault slip could be induced by weak minerals such as phyllosilicate-rich fault gouge. (5) Bulk permeability of the order of 10⁻¹⁴ to 10⁻¹⁶ m² is required to induce slip at the hypocentral depths during monsoon and post monsoon seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106273"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-fracture evolution and seepage behavior in sandstone under triaxial stress: Insights from real-time CT imaging","authors":"Chao Qiu ,&nbsp;Yugui Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Chen ,&nbsp;Bingxiang Huang ,&nbsp;Runpeng Shang ,&nbsp;Chengzheng Cai ,&nbsp;Wang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms of pore-fracture evolution and their effects on permeability is critical for predicting seepage behavior in fractured porous media. However, the real-time capture of these dynamic processes under realistic stress conditions remains technically challenging and has not been thoroughly explored. This study presents a methodology that integrates real-time CT scanning with 3D digital reconstruction and numerical simulation techniques, enabling the dynamic monitoring of structural evolution and fluid flow characteristics. Quantitative and morphological analyses were conducted on reconstructed models at different loading stages, and seepage simulations based on reconstructed pore-fracture structures were carried out to investigate fluid migration. Furthermore, a semi-logarithmic model linking permeability to fractal dimension was proposed and validated, providing a predictive tool based on microstructural characteristics. The analysis shows that shear-induced dilation causes isolated small pores to expand and form larger pores that eventually integrate into the connected network before cracking. After cracking, newly formed fractures promote the incorporation of isolated pores, whereas subsequent fracture closure leads to a reduction in the connected pore volume and an increase in the isolated voids. The fracture network forms a funnel-shaped pattern, extending from the specimen ends toward the center. Numerical simulations show that the evolution of the pore-fracture network significantly alters the seepage pathways and flow efficiency. Permeability exhibits a strong positive correlation with coordination number and throat size. These findings provide a new perspective on characterizing and predicting seepage behavior under realistic stress conditions, offering significant scientific and engineering implications for underground fluid control and hazard mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}