International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Development of an integrated hydro-mechanical coupling test system for meter-scale fractured rock masses in laboratory","authors":"Aiqing Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Fan ,&nbsp;Jiming Gao ,&nbsp;Yuankun Liu ,&nbsp;Guoqing Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Han ,&nbsp;Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Meiwang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issues of bank slope deformation, landslides, and associated geological disasters caused by the impoundment of high dam reservoirs, the author, based on the proposed idea of constructing an external high-pressure hydraulic test chamber, has developed for the first time the CJ3000 rock mass hydraulic coupling test system (CJ3000 RTS). This system enables hydraulic coupling tests on meter-scale rock mass specimens to be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. This paper systematically presents the design and development of the above system, which includes the equipment functions and the main technical specifications, seven major innovations, the performance testing results, the experimental operation and control procedures, etc. The total weight of this test system is 200 tons, and it is built on a soft soil foundation. The test system can provide a maximum vertical reaction load of 30,000 kN and a maximum horizontal reaction loads of 20,000 kN in two directions. The water pressure in the sealed cabin and the seepage pressure of the rock mass specimen are independently controlled, with a designed water pressure of 3 MPa. A new type of high-precision magnetostrictive displacement sensor resistant to high water pressure has been developed, and an experimental operation procedure for conducting multiple spatial target positions with large-scale equipment have been proposed. Finally, a mechanical test under triaxial hydro-mechanical coupling conditions was carried out on a basalt specimen with a size of 50 cm × 50 cm × 100 cm, and preliminary application results were obtained. The study demonstrates that the test method proposed is feasible, and that the developed CJ3000 rock mass hydraulic coupling test system is effective. This work is of significant importance for advancing research on the mechanical properties of rock mass under complex structural and stress conditions, particularly regarding their hydraulic coupling characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic damage model for strength prediction and constitutive behavior of layered quasi-brittle rocks","authors":"Qiaojuan Yu ,&nbsp;Shigui Du ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianfu Shao ,&nbsp;Qizhi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuanjun Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weakness planes in cohesive quasi-brittle rocks have a significant impact on their mechanical behavior, with the inclination angle of these planes leading to pronounced anisotropy. To address this, we present an orientation-dependent damage model that quantitatively incorporates the effects of varying inclination angles within the solid matrix. The model is developed within the frameworks of irreversible thermodynamics and Mori–Tanaka homogenization theory. Analytical solutions and their applicability ranges are derived, and macroscopic strength criteria are established to describe anisotropic failure under different triaxial compression conditions. Model predictions are validated against experimental results for Longmaxi Formation shale and layered sandstone. This work enhances our understanding of the anisotropic constitutive behavior of layered quasi-brittle rocks and provides a solid theoretical foundation for predicting their strength and deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106280"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring fluid flows without seismicity associated with continuous water injection into geothermal reservoirs","authors":"Kyosuke Okamoto ,&nbsp;Naoki Aoyagi ,&nbsp;Yusuke Mukuhira ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Asanuma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate monitoring of subsurface fluid behavior, particularly temporal variations in fluid migration, is critical for resource development activities, including geothermal energy, shale oil and gas, and carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). In Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), comprehending fluid behavior is essential for optimizing injection strategies, improving production efficiency, and ensuring safety during fluid injection operations. This study employs time-lapse seismic travel-time and attenuation tomography, along with hypocenter migration monitoring, to delineate fluid pathways, including aseismic zones. We conducted a case study at the Okuaizu geothermal field, Japan, where artificial recharge tests were conducted from 2015 to 2024 using a dedicated local microseismic monitoring network. By estimating both seismic wave velocity and attenuation structures, we identified macroscopic fluid behavior not associated with seismicity, as well as detailed fluid pathways inferred from hypocenter distributions. The recharged water induced seismicity near the recharge well, and also migrated to broader areas without significant seismic activity. An integrated understanding of fluid flows, both with and without seismicity, could contribute to improvement in resource developments and storage strategies by providing deeper insights into subsurface fluid dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106290"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perturbation-induced delayed shear creep instability in rock Joints: A nonlinear model based on irreversible deformation","authors":"Jianan Yang,&nbsp;Pengxian Fan,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Qihu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weak seismic waves from distant sources may accelerate damage evolution on active faults, triggering delayed unstable slip. Existing models rarely explain the impact of weak perturbations on creep evolution. A nonlinear creep model with damage variables based on irreversible deformation is proposed, quantitatively capturing the perturbation aftereffect defined as accelerated creep evolution induced by weak perturbations. The model captures both the nonlinearity of rock mass creep deformation and the aftereffects of historical perturbations, thereby overcoming existing model limitations in accounting for coupled effects between long-term creep and short-term perturbations. Experimental validation confirms the model quantifies perturbation-induced creep acceleration and describes both instantaneous and delayed post-perturbation instability. By incorporating an irreversible deformation instability criterion, the model quantifies residual creep life of perturbed rock joints, showing substantial life-shortening through accelerated accumulation of irreversible deformation. This provides a novel methodology for analyzing joint creep behavior under complex perturbations environment, offering key insights into earthquake remote triggering and delayed engineering hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106289"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic unsaturated effect of microcrack extension on brittle rock fracture under impact compression","authors":"Xiaozhao Li,&nbsp;Qiulin Luo,&nbsp;Chengzhi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep underground engineering rocks are typically unsaturated, and their dynamic mechanical properties exhibit significant variations with water saturation. Microcrack propagation within rock matrices critically influences dynamic compressive behavior. However, existing research on the micro-macro fracture mechanics relationship of brittle rocks under dynamic compression remains insufficiently explored, particularly for varying water saturation conditions. This study proposes a novel theoretical framework to quantify the unsaturated effects on the dynamic micro-macro fracture mechanical properties of brittle rocks. The model integrates multiple key mechanisms: 1) the wing microcrack dynamics, 2) the <em>K</em>_ICQ - <em>K</em>_ICD transition relationship between quasi-static and dynamic fracture toughness, 3) the crack extension rate (<em>v</em>_<em>l</em>) dependency on opening rate (<em>v</em>_h), 4) the strain rate (<em>ε</em>₁') sensitivity of crack extension rate, 5) the Stefan force (<em>F</em>_S) governed by crack opening rate, and 6) the saturation-dependent mechanical parameters (initial intercrack friction coefficient <em>μ</em>, initial damage <em>D</em>₀, quasi-static fracture toughness <em>K</em>_ICQ, elastic modulus <em>E</em>, and density <em>ρ</em>). A dynamic stress-strain constitutive model for unsaturated brittle rocks, triggered by microcrack growth, is formulated and experimentally validated through laboratory tests, demonstrating robust predictive accuracy. The results reveal that free water induces competing strengthening/weakening mechanisms under dynamic loading, leading to distinct trends in dynamic fracture toughness, compressive strength, and crack initiation stress as functions of saturation at varying strain rates. Furthermore, systematic investigations into confining pressure effects demonstrate its critical role in modulating the relationships between water saturation, dynamic compressive strength, and crack initiation stress across strain rate regimes. These findings advance fundamental understanding of unsaturated rock behavior under extreme conditions and offer critical insights for stability assessment of deep underground engineering excavations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106282"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel theory of abrasive water jet rock breaking under triaxial stress and the evolution mechanisms of rock damage","authors":"Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Ge ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Qinlin Deng ,&nbsp;Zhongtan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep Earth engineering is essential for national development, but rock fragmentation in deep, hard formations remains a significant challenge. Abrasive water jet (AWJ) technology shows considerable promise, yet current models often overlook geostress effects, limiting its effectiveness. This study proposes a new criterion for AWJ rock breaking under triaxial stress, combining the Alekseevskii–Tate (AT) long-rod penetration model, jet theory, and a modified spherical cavity expansion model. The mechanical behavior of the elastic, cracking, and crushing zones is analyzed, and a penetration depth model under triaxial stress is developed. Coupled SPH–FEM simulations are used to investigate how stress affects jet-induced stress waves, rock damage, and energy evolution, thereby clarifying the failure mechanism in rock breaking. Results show that stress significantly influences wave propagation and damage patterns: at 0 MPa, waves expand freely; at 25 MPa, wave expansion is restricted, reducing damage; at 40 MPa, waves concentrate, increasing damage. Numerical and theoretical results show an average error of 6.59 %, confirming the model's accuracy. As stress increases, rock quality decreases rapidly at first and then more slowly, with damage following a quadratic function. Compared to 0 MPa, total energy drops by 19.75 % at 15 MPa and rises by 76.31 % at 40 MPa. Damage in the jet zone exhibits brittle failure, unaffected by stress; while stress mainly influences damage in the crushing and edge zones, suppressing damage at low stress and promoting damage at high stress. These findings deepen the understanding of the damage evolution of rock under AWJ cutting, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the parameters of AWJ grid cutting in deep rock masses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106258"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified three-dimensional rigid-body-spring method for mechanical behavior of transversely isotropic rocks","authors":"Chen He ,&nbsp;Yulong Shao ,&nbsp;Chi Yao ,&nbsp;Jian-Fu Shao ,&nbsp;Minh-Ngoc Vu ,&nbsp;Gilles Armand","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel anisotropic discrete approach framework is developed to simulate the mechanical behavior of transversely isotropic rocks. This framework is based on the three-dimensional modified Rigid-Body-Spring Method (3D mRBSM) integrated with three key anisotropy ingredients: (1) an anisotropic block geometry method based on spatial transformation to generate blocks with controlled aspect ratios; (2) an anisotropic spring parameter assignment using a cubic Bézier curve to capture directional variability in elastic properties and failure strength; and (3) a directional spring-set model (DSM) to incorporate microscopic structural weaknesses. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to evaluate impacts of each direction-related parameter on Young's modulus, strength and failure patterns. The results indicate that the combined use of the three anisotropy ingredients enables the model to exhibit flexible anisotropic mechanical behavior, and further highlights the critical role of anisotropic block geometry in governing such behavior. The model is validated by investigating the anisotropic mechanical response of Callovo-Oxfordian claystone and Tournemire shale. The comparisons between numerical predictions and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed 3D mRBSM framework effectively reproduces the main features of experimentally observed mechanical behaviors and it provides a robust and scalable approach for modeling the mechanical properties of transversely isotropic rocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional shear behavior of rock joints subjected to normal stress vibration: An experimental study","authors":"Minghui Hu,&nbsp;Richeng Liu,&nbsp;Shuchen Li,&nbsp;Yingsen Wang,&nbsp;Zheng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active faults exhibit bidirectional slipping triggered by earthquakes and tectonic stress, often resulting in serious geological disasters. However, the friction behavior during the process remains inadequately understood. To address this gap, bidirectional shear tests were conducted on joint specimens under dynamic normal load (DNL) conditions. The effects of vibration amplitude and frequency on shear behavior and transformation of the shear mechanism were investigated. The results indicate that DNL delays the relative shear displacement needed to reach peak shear stress. As the amplitude or frequency increases, the shear stress response to normal stress vibration is significantly reduced. The shear stress-relative shear displacement curves show two-stage linear evolution before reaching peak shear stress. Dynamic normal stress intensifies the compaction of the joint surface and postpones the shear dilation, and promotes the expansion of joint surface damage. However, when the amplitude ratio is 50 %, the stress valley provides a favorable environment for critical asperities climbing, resulting in the damage area ratio close to the constant normal load condition. A critical threshold was observed. Below the critical threshold, the friction strength is stable. Once the threshold is exceeded, the increases in amplitude or frequency trigger a rapid decrease in the friction parameter. The rock fragment gradually evolves into a fault gouge, indicating that the shear mechanism shifts from an asperity-rock fragment coupled friction to fault gouge friction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106283"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy analysis and microfracture characteristics of granite under dynamic modes I and II loading based on image processing techniques","authors":"Zida Liu ,&nbsp;Zong-Xian Zhang ,&nbsp;Quanqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Peng Xiao ,&nbsp;Jiaming Yang ,&nbsp;Diyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Notched semi-circular bending (NSCB) granite specimens were used in dynamic mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ loading conditions. Image processing techniques were innovatively used to determine the translational (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) and rotational (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) kinetic energies of each specimen. The true fracture surface area was determined using a scanning electron microscope at 2000 × magnification, enabling the calculation of the true fracture energy (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). Additionally, deep learning was used to quantitatively determine the tensile and shear morphologies on the fracture surfaces. The results showed that: (1) In mode I, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> ranged from 1.47 to 9.07 J, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> ranged from 0.45 to 3.59 J. In mode II, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> ranged from 0.98 to 7.88 J, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> ranged from 0.41 to 3.53 J. The total kinetic energy in mode I comprised over 51.5 % of the energy absorbed by the rock, while that in mode II comprised over 41.4 %. (2) The true fracture surface area of NSCB specimens was 2.1 times the nominal fracture surface area. (3) The <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of mode Ⅰ ranged from 1066 to 3577 J/m², and the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of mode Ⅱ ranged from 1195 to 3550 J/m² (4) Under the same loading rate, the fracture surface of mode Ⅱ exhibited a larger proportion of shear morphology, explaining why the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of mode Ⅱ was slightly higher than the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of mode Ⅰ. (5) The <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of mode Ⅰ showed higher sensitivity to the variation of loading rate compared to mode Ⅱ, because the increase in shear morphology on mode I fracture surface was slightly greater than that on mode II fracture surface as loading rate was increased. These findings offer new insights into accurate fracture energy measurement and better understanding of rock microfracture characteristics under dynamic loading and demonstrate the importance of kinetic energy in rock fragmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106287"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-hydro-mechanical responses of a high-level radioactive waste repository: Effects of short- and long-term nonlinear behavior of the host rock","authors":"M.N. Vu ,&nbsp;C. Plúa ,&nbsp;G. Armand ,&nbsp;F. Bumbieler ,&nbsp;C. De Lesquen ,&nbsp;M. Souley ,&nbsp;M. Alonso ,&nbsp;J. Vaunat ,&nbsp;A. Gens ,&nbsp;Z. Yu ,&nbsp;J.F. Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to model the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) responses of a high-level waste (HLW) repository to the heat released from the waste package by considering short- and long-term nonlinear behavior (damage, plasticity, creep) of the host rock. This results from a benchmark exercise involving three modelling teams on the French HLW concept disposal. This work focuses only on the thermo-mechanical pressurization of the host rock. Two representative constitutive models are considered to describe the behavior of the host rock. The first one consists in an anisotropic elasto-plastic-creep model, including stiffness and strength anisotropy. The second model is a double phase field model with both tensile and compressible damage mechanism, associated with plasticity and creep. Parameters of these two models are calibrated based on the data acquired from both laboratory tests on samples and field observation.</div><div>Comparisons between poro-elastic and non-linear simulations show that the short-term nonlinear behavior only affects the THM responses in the near field of the host rock, while creep leads to a decrease in fluid pressure build-up and stress in both the near and far fields. An unsaturated condition prescribed on the HLW cell wall before heating reduces the fluid pressure and stress within the host rock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}