Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics最新文献

{"title":"Turbulent Exchange in Unsteady Air–Sea Interaction at Small and Submesoscales","authors":"A. M. Chukharev, M. I. Pavlov","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700105","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An adequate description of the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean remains one of the most important problems of modern oceanology and climatology. The extremely wide variety of physical processes occurring in the coupled layers, large range of scales, and moving boundary all significantly complicate the creation of models that would allow calculating the physical characteristics in both media with the necessary accuracy. In this paper the temporal variability of dynamic parameters in the driving layer of the atmosphere and in the near-surface layer of the sea on small and submesoscales from one to several tens of hours is considered. The experimental data show a very high correlation between the friction wind velocity and turbulence intensity in the upper sea layer on all scales recorded. One important distinguishing feature of all measured physical quantities in both media is the presence of quasi-periodic oscillations with different periods. For a more accurate description of momentum and energy fluxes from the atmosphere, a nonstationary model of turbulent exchange in the near-surface layer of the sea is proposed. It takes into account quasi-periodicity in the intensity of dynamic interaction between the atmosphere and the sea at these scales. In the model we use the equations of momentum and turbulent energy balance, the system of equations is solved numerically, and the calculation results are compared with other models and with experimental data. It is shown that taking into account the nonstationarity of the wind strain improves the correspondence between the calculations and the experimental data. It is noted that, in the nonstationary case, the energy and momentum flux from the atmosphere and the turbulence intensity increases compared to the action of a constant average wind of the same duration. Therefore, the strong averaging often used in global models may markedly underestimate the intensity of the dynamic interaction between the atmosphere and ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Height of the Surface Air Layer by Sodar Data","authors":"M. A. Lokoshchenko","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700063","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Average empirical estimations of the surface air layer height in Moscow have been received by the data of long-term acoustic remote sensing of the atmosphere using the MODOS Doppler sodar (METEK, Germany). Based on the assumption that the average conditions are close to neutral stratification, this height, as the top of the quasi-linear section of the average long-term wind velocity profile in semilogarithmic coordinates, is 40–60 m. The wind rotation height, i.e., the height of intersection of day and night wind profiles, is 95 m per year on average. The roughness length in conditions of loosely packed but high urban development in the vicinity of Moscow State University in Moscow is 5 m. According to the criterion of the constant wind direction in the surface air layer, its height manifests itself in the monthly average wind direction profiles over the “dead zone” of the sodar (40 m) in approximately one out of three cases and usually amounts to 60 m (less often 80 or 100 m). In all other cases, it is apparently masked by the dead zone. According to this approach, the average height of the surface layer is probably a little less than 50 m, which is close to the estimate obtained from the logarithmic distribution of wind velocity with height in this layer. The daily variation of the surface air layer height is noted by the largest values in the afternoon (80–100 m in summer under conditions of prevailing unstable stratification and 60–80 m in winter) and the smallest ones (less than 40 m) in the late evening and at night in summer and from evening to noon in winter.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Ionizing Radiation in the Biosphere and Human Evolution","authors":"A. V. Manankov","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823110105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823110105","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Natural radiation is an integral component and obligatory factor in the self-development of the biosphere. There are two sources of natural radiation on Earth: radioactive elements in minerals of the Earth’s crust and inner geospheres and radiation belts, the existence of which was established in the late 1950s. The coevolution of living objects with natural factors, including ionizing radiation, occurs according to the mechanism of homeostatic self-regulation with the participation of negative feedback. Outside the zone of homeostasis, any living species falls into supercritical zones with positive feedbacks, where deviations from a stable state can become irreversible. The effect of ionizing radiation on biological objects has not been sufficiently studied, which is why existing radiation safety standards still do not take into account positive feedback. The author believes that it is necessary to develop a modern unified concept of radiation gene-natural coevolution, in which the radioecogeochemical law of nature, implemented through the periodic-rhythmic evolution of the biosphere, is substantiated from the position of system analysis. In other words, it is proposed to introduce the radiation factor into the prevailing Lamarck–Darwin theory of anthropogenesis as the main driving force. Spatiotemporal coincidence was established between the powerful geodynamic activity of the East African Rift, the operation of a natural nuclear reactor in the area of the Oklo uranium deposit (Gabon), and discharge from our humanoid ancestor—Australopithecus africanus, or afarensis. The article discusses some specific features of human genealogy under conditions of prolonged natural radiation. The dominant role of implicit memory in the awareness of ego stress in the formation of radiophobia is shown. The new direction, undoubtedly, should contribute to solving topical applied issues related to increasing safety in the construction of nuclear industry structures, overcoming radiophobia, increasing the radioresistance of ethnic groups, and optimizing of the regulatory framework of ROSATOM and the IAEA in the field of nuclear energy use.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Structure of Metasandstones Using Broadband Acoustic Spectroscopy with a Laser Source of Ultrasound","authors":"N. B. Podymova, A. V. Ponomarev, Yu. A. Morozov, M. A. Matveev, V. B. Smirnov, I. V. Sharychev","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823110038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823110038","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of measuring the frequency dependences of the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic waves in metasandstone samples with varying degrees of deformation–metamorphic alteration are presented to study the influence of the sample structure on these acoustic characteristics. The measurements are performed using broadband acoustic spectroscopy with a laser source of ultrasound and piezoelectric detection of nanosecond ultrasonic pulses in the 1–70 MHz operating frequency range. The metasandstones of the zonally metamorphosed Ladoga Group of the Paleoproterozoic Baltic Shield are studied, which exhibit varying degrees of structural and textural changes that occurred in the temperature range of 400–600°С. Cores of two different thicknesses with a similar mineral phase composition, but with some variations in the structural and textural composition of the substrate, were selected at four sampling points of different temperature levels and studied. For metasandstones from three sampling points, the frequency dependences of the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic waves almost completely coincide in three zones of each core and are nearly the same for cores of two different thicknesses. The latter fact confirms the reliability of the results of the ultrasonic studies, and the coincidence of the results for three different zones of each core shows that the structure of these metasandstones is uniform. The attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of ultrasound considerably differ in the studied zones of two metasandstone cores in one of the four sampling points (LV1246) due to the significant nonuniformity of their structure. In addition, for metasandstones from different sampling points, a difference in the absolute values of the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of ultrasound is found in the entire studied frequency range. The Rayleigh model of ultrasonic scattering is used to estimate the maximum grain sizes in the studied samples. The results correlate with data obtained using optical microscopy of thin sections of all samples. The implemented broadband acoustic spectroscopy method with a laser source of ultrasound can help to reveal the relationship between the frequency dependences of the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic waves, the characteristic features of the structure, and conditions for the formation of metasandstones in each specific deposit.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Modern Communication Technologies during Earthquakes: How to Increase the Efficiency of Macroseismic Data Collection","authors":"O. F. Lukhneva, Ya. B. Radziminovich, A. V. Novopashina, A. V. Kadetova","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823100067","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Currently, macroseismic data are mostly obtained through online questionnaires posted on the websites of regional and international seismological agencies. Generally, strong earthquakes lead to a large number of users attempting to access the sites, which often leads to server overloads, the disruption of normal access to seismological sites, and, as a result, a sharp decrease in the efficiency of collecting macroseismic data through online questionnaires. In such cases, the only way to make up for the lack of macroseismic data is to directly ask residents to share their observations and fill out an online questionnaire. The use of instant messaging apps seems to be the best way, because they provide wide coverage and high speeds. The efficiency of this method has been confirmed during two relatively strong earthquakes in the Baikal region (September 21, 2020, <i>M</i>_w = 5.6, and June 8, 2022, <i>M</i>_w = 5.2), which were accompanied by the website crashing. Sending requests to earthquake eyewitnesses via the Viber instant messaging app made it possible to increase the number of responses by 5–8 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140170660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Research in Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology in 2019–2022","authors":"I. I. Mokhov","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823150094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823150094","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Once every four years, the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (SMAS) of the National Geophysical Committee prepares a review of the main results of Russian research for the General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), which includes the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) and seven other international associations: the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), the International Association of Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO), the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI), and the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI). The latest SMAS review, based on the results of Russian research in the field of atmospheric sciences and meteorology and published in 2019–2022, was prepared for the 28th IUGG General Assembly (July 11–20, 2023, Berlin, Germany) (Russian National Report, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Studies of Atmospheric Ozone and Its Precursors in 2019–2022","authors":"V. V. Andreev, O. E. Bazhenov, B. D. Belan, P. N. Vargin, A. N. Gruzdev, N. F. Elansky, G. S. Zhamsueva, A. S. Zayakhanov, S. N. Kotelnikov, I. N. Kuznetsova, M. Yu. Kulikov, A. V. Nevzorov, V. A. Obolkin, O. V. Postylyakov, E. V. Rozanov, A. I. Skorokhod, A. A. Solomatnikova, E. V. Stepanov, Yu. M. Timofeev, A. M. Feigin, T. V. Khodzher","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823150021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823150021","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We present the most significant results of Russian scientists in the field of atmospheric ozone research for 2019–2022 and examine observations of tropospheric ozone, its distribution and variability on the territory of the Russian Federation, its relation with atmospheric parameters, modeling of formation processes, and its impact on public health. The state of stratospheric ozone over Russia, modeling of processes in the ozonosphere, and methods and instruments being developed are also analyzed. The review is a part of Russia’s national report on meteorology and atmospheric sciences, which was prepared for the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). It has been reviewed and approved at the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Gold–Silver Mineralization within the Pepenveemskii Ore Zone of the Chukchi Peninsula Based on Resurs, Kanopus, and ASTER Space Imagery","authors":"G. A. Milovsky, A. A. Kirsanov, K. L. Lipiyainen, A. D. Aparin","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823120149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823120149","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>When decoding space sensing materials of the eastern part of the Chukchi Peninsula on a scale of 1 : 50 000, structural elements of tectonic–volcanogenic genesis are identified, represented by linear, arc, ring, zonal–concentric structural elements of various ranks. Ring structures up to 2 km in diameter and the faults cutting them, predominantly of northeastern and submeridional strike, control the localization of gold mineralization in the Pepenveemskii ore–placer zone. Based on the computer processing of ASTER IR space surveys in the Pepenveemskii zone, areas of development of hydrothermally altered rocks (berezites, secondary quartzites, and sericite–hydromica–quartz metasomatites) genetically associated with mineralization are identified. The use of high-resolution satellite imaging in combination with geophysical data has made it possible, on a scale of 1 : 10 000, to identify gold-prospective areas associated with volcano–dome structures, which are characterized by an increased density of lineaments and are associated with the formation of subvolcanic rhyolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Landsat-8 Data Set and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Terrain Model for Gold–Polymetallic Mineralization Prediction on the Territory of the Central Part of the Malouralskaya Zone, the Polar Urals","authors":"Yu. N. Ivanova, I. O. Nafigin","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823120125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823120125","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>For the first time, we apply a new approach to processing earth remote sensing data obtained by the Landsat-8 spacecraft to the central part of the Maloyralskaya zone, the Polar Urals. It consists of integrating metasomatic alteration distribution maps and lineament density patterns that were created based on the results of statistical processing of remote sensing data and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model. This study is aimed at identifying morphological features and patterns and features of the deep structure and at identifying areas promising for the gold-polymetallic type of mineralization in the studied area. As a result of the study, it is established that areas promising for the gold–polymetallic type of mineralization in the central part of the Maloyralskaya zone are localized along transregional fault zones that intersect favorable horizons and structures and control ore mineralization and within large morphostructures complicated by radial faults of the first-order NE and NW direction with a length of up to 30 km, as well as areas with increased indices of iron oxides (II and III) and, less often, hydroxide (Al–OH and Mg–OH) and carbonate-containing minerals.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Thermokarst Lake Size Distribution in the Eastern Part of the Russian Arctic Based on Combining Sentinel-2 and Kanopus-V Images","authors":"I. N. Muratov, O. A. Baysalyamova, Y. M. Polishchuk","doi":"10.1134/s0001433823120150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433823120150","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article is devoted to remote studies of the size distribution of thermokarst lakes in the eastern part of the Russian Arctic. The studies are carried out in the Arctic territories of the Northeastern tundra (NET) (Yakutia) and the Chukotka tundra (CT), which are relatively homogeneous areas in terms of their natural properties (referred to here as ecoregions). Remote studies of the distribution of thermokarst lakes by area are conducted using satellite images from Kanopus-V and Sentinel-2 (with spatial resolutions of 2.1 and 20 m, respectively), obtained in the summer months of 2017–2021. The lakes are interpreted using a Sentinel-2 satellite image mosaic, which provides full coverage of the study territories; Kanopus-V images at 12 test sites; and QGIS 3.22 tools. We briefly describe the method of integration (combination) of data from Kanopus-V and Sentinel-2 images for plotting synthesized histograms of lakes distribution by their sizes. This technique allows us to get histograms of lake distribution in a very wide range of their sizes from 50 to 10⁸ m² in the studied Arctic ecoregions. The histogram plots show a similar behavior in both ecoregions, manifesting itself in an increase in the number of lakes as their size decreases. It is shown that the main contribution to the number of lakes in the NET is made by much larger lakes than in the CT, which may indicate a significant difference in the geocryological conditions in different Arctic territories of the eastern part of the Russian Arctic. The degree of the lake cover of the territories is assessed. It is shown that the lake cover of the NET is 7 times higher than in the studied territories of Chukotka.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}