Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics最新文献

{"title":"Modeling Black Sea Circulation Using Heat and Salt Advection–Diffusion Equations with Discrete Nonlinear Invariants","authors":"S. G. Demyshev, O. A. Dymova","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700130","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this work, based on the results of predictive calculations, the accuracy of reproducing the Black Sea circulation is analyzed using new approximations of nonlinear terms in the transport equations, ensuring the conservation of temperature and salinity to a power greater than two. Numerical experiments have been carried out that differ in schemes for calculating temperature and salinity. In the first experiment, traditional schemes were used to ensure the conservation of temperature and salinity in the first and second degrees; in the second one, the temperature was maintained in the first and fifth degrees and salinity in the first and third; in the third experiment, the temperature was maintained in the first and third and salinity in the first and fifth degrees. Calculations were performed on the basis of MHI model with a resolution of 1.6 km and accounting a realistic atmospheric forcing for 2016. The validation of results was carried out based on comparison of model fields with data from contact and satellite measurements of temperature and salinity in 2016. An analysis of average and root mean square errors showed that, compared to the traditional approximation, the new difference schemes for the advection–diffusion equations of heat and salt, ensuring the preservation of predictive parameters to a power greater than two, improve the accuracy of reproducing of the Black Sea salinity in the upper 100-m layer throughout the year. Root mean square errors in the salinity field decrease by 15–20%, and the upper mixed layer thickness in winter and the upper boundary depth of the thermocline layer in summer in the central part of the sea are modeled about 10% more accurately. Based on the results of three experiments, the smallest deviations from observational data were obtained when using approximations that ensure the conservation of temperature to the third degree and salinity to the fifth degree.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessments of Anthropogenic Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from the Territory of St. Petersburg Based on Data from Long-Term Mobile Measurements","authors":"D. V. Ionov, M. V. Makarova, V. S. Kostsov","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700154","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Results of a series of spectroscopic measurements of the tropospheric NO₂ content carried out on a closed route of the Ring Road of St. Petersburg in different seasons in 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016 are considered. A unified approach to the interpretation of all experimental data using numerical modeling of air pollution spread and a priori information about the spatial distribution of its anthropogenic sources has significantly improved the accuracy of determining the integral NO_<i>x</i> emissions. The total NO_<i>x</i> volume, reduced to gross annual anthropogenic emissions from the territory of St. Petersburg, amounted to 81 000 ± 17 000 t. This value slightly exceeds the air pollution city inventory official data (from 61 000 to 63 000 t per year), consistent within the error margin with the estimate obtained earlier on the basis of similar mobile measurements in the spring of 2019 (75 000 ± 26 000 t per year).</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Modeling Conditions on the Estimation of the Dry Deposition Velocity of Aerosols on Highly Inhomogeneous Surfaces","authors":"D. A. Pripachkin, V. L. Vysotsky, A. K. Budyka","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700221","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An approach to estimating the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles on the surfaces of Arctic regions, where snow-covered surfaces, open-water surfaces, tundra, and coniferous forest predominate, is proposed and numerically investigated. Optimal modeling conditions are proposed, taking into account the characteristic sizes and densities of aerosol particles involved in transport in the planetary boundary layer and the interaction of air flows with the surface through the parameter <i>u</i>*, calculated using the WRF-ARW model. The proposed approach is compared with other known models and experimental data. The dependence of the dry deposition velocity obtained by this approach on the diameter, density of aerosol particles, and dynamic velocity <i>u</i>* for the surfaces in the Far North is estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stationary Regimes and Parametrization of Ekman Friction in the Karman Model of Flow Induced by External Vortical Body Force","authors":"S. V. Kostrykin, I. G. Yakushkin","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700166","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Using numerical simulation of the Karman model of viscous fluid flow under the action of an external vortex body force, two different stationary modes were extracted and studied in detail: with small (Batchelor regime) and with substantial (Stewartson regime) secondary circulation. The diagram of stationary regimes is plotted in the space of flow parameters—Rossby and small Ekman numbers. For the flow decaying to the stationary one in the Batchelor regime, a theoretical model is proposed based on which a stationary solution to the problem can be obtained, as well as a parameterization of the Ekman friction coefficient, the Ekman pumping velocity, and the stationary pressure in terms of average flow characteristics (vorticity and divergence). For the Stewartson regime, a parameterization of the stationary flow is proposed and a numerical investigation of the decay rate is conducted. The results of the theoretical analysis have been compared with numerical calculations and found to be in good agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Surface Layer Characteristics in the Presence of Suspended Snow Particles Using Observational Data and Large Eddy Simulation","authors":"V. I. Suiazova, A. V. Debolskiy, E. V. Mortikov","doi":"10.1134/s000143382470021x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s000143382470021x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A snowdrift is a two-phase flow consisting of air and suspended particles. In the presence of snow particles in the air, additional stability appears in the surface layer due to the density gradient. The density gradient reduces turbulence and affects the properties of the surface layer. Therefore, to describe the properties of the flow with included snow particles, additional clarifications are required. A description of the surface layer parameterization with the presence of suspended snow particles is presented in this paper. The formulation of the effect of snow particles consists of the reformulation of the Obukhov turbulent length scale. The novel surface layer parameterization allows one to take into account the effect of snow particles on turbulent flow and may improve the estimates of friction velocity and boundary-layer height.The parameterization was successfully tested on the observational data. A description of snow particle influence has been included in the large eddy simulation (LES) model. The numerical experiments confirmed an increase in the stability of the surface layer. The mechanism of influence of suspended particles on the surface layer is analogous to a thermal stabilization of the turbulent flow, in which negative buoyancy acts to reduce the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE).</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Air Temperature Changes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer during the Solar Eclipse of March 29, 2006","authors":"G. A. Bush, N. F. Elansky, E. N. Kadyrov, S. N. Kulichkov, I. P. Chunchuzov, N. S. Prokosheva","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700129","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The data of measurements of air temperature profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) during the total solar eclipse on March 29, 2006, in Kislovodsk and at the High-Mountain Scientific Station (HMSS) on the central shadow line are presented. The solar eclipse lasted from 2:08 p.m. to 4:27 p.m. local time; the total phase of the eclipse began at 3:15 p.m. and lasted 2 min 32 s. In developing the results we obtained in our previous work, we compared the data on air temperature profiles at two points, Kislovodsk and the HMSS. The influence of local conditions has been studied. It is shown that local conditions significantly affect both the amplitude of atmospheric pressure pulsations caused by a solar eclipse and their phase, as well as the nature of the change in the spectral density of air temperature with height in the range of periods corresponding to the duration of the solar eclipse. Based on the measurements of temperature profiles, the fluctuations of the atmospheric pressure difference at the level of the earth’s surface and at a certain height up to which the temperature profiles were measured equal to 600 m, were reconstructed, caused by a solar eclipse, in coordinates: height–time has different trajectories in the case of Kislovodsk and the HMSS. The difference in the trajectories of air temperature minima in Kislovodsk and at the HMSS determines both different delays in pressure minima relative to the beginning of the eclipse and time delays between surface pressure fluctuations at observation points as a whole. Also, a new method is proposed for determining the speed of ascending air currents using data on the altitude dependence of the time of reaching a minimum in temporal temperature variations caused by a solar eclipse. The changes in the spectral density of air are compared with height, the amplitude of the reconstructed atmospheric pressure pulsations in Kislovodsk and at the HMSS, and the speed of ascending air currents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the Reaction of Hydrogen Iodide with a Chlorine Atom in the Atmosphere above the Sea","authors":"I. K. Larin, G. B. Pronchev, E. M. Trofimova","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700178","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Using the resonant fluorescence (RF) of chlorine atoms and iodine atoms, the rate constant of the reaction of a chlorine atom with hydrogen iodide at a temperature of 298 K is measured. The values of the reaction constants measured by both methods turns out to be quite similar. The role of this reaction in the chemistry of the troposphere above the surface of the oceans is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground-Level Ozone Concentration Variability Analysis in the Karadag Nature Reserve","authors":"E. I. Fedorova, V. A. Lapchenko, N. F. Elansky, V. S. Rakitin, A. I. Skorohod, A. V. Vasilyeva","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700208","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of a study of ground-level ozone concentration variability in Crimea at the background environmental monitoring station (BEMS) of the Karadag State Nature Reserve for 2012–2021 with a more detailed analysis of the last 6 years from 2016 to 2021. A significantly high level of air pollution by ground-level ozone in the observation area was revealed, despite the absence of significant sources of anthropogenic pollution in the vicinity of the station. The relationship between the ground-level ozone concentration and meteorological parameters has been studied, and characteristic wind directions leading to increased levels of ground-level ozone pollution have been established. Intra-annual variations are analyzed, and factors causing a local summer minimum of ground-level ozone concentration in individual years are identified. Using the NOAA HYSPLIT model and ERA5 reanalysis meteorological fields, a spatial analysis of the atmospheric circulation pattern in the region has been carried out. The recurrence of episodes in which the permissible 8-h average ozone concentration level of 100 μg/m³, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), was exceeded has been assessed, and the possible causes of these episodes are identified. Mechanisms of long-range transport and their contribution to the ozone regime in the station area have been established. Annual trends in ground-level ozone concentration between 2012 and 2021 are assessed as statistically insignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Possibility of Multichannel Optical Backscattering Sondes for Joint Balloon and Lidar Studies of the Aerosol Composition of the Middle Atmosphere","authors":"N. V. Balugin, B. A. Fomin, V. A. Yushkov, V. N. Marichev, D. A. Bochkovskyi","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the practice of aerological sounding, along with lidar observations, aerosol backscattering sondes are used at night to study and monitor polar stratospheric clouds, tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol, cirrus clouds, pyroconvection, and volcanic aerosol, as well as to verify remote methods and means of ground-based and satellite-based aerosol observations. For aerosol sondes, a simple two-wave measurement technique is used, which makes it possible to diagnose changes in aerosol composition by color index. There are limitations to the possibilities of the two-wave technique, and they are discussed in this article. Aerological sounding combined with lidar observations expands the wavelength range for multiwavelength studies, and direct measurements of atmospheric temperature increase the accuracy of aerosol sensing. This paper considers the application of three or more wavelength techniques. Data from probe measurements using wavelengths of 470, 528, 850, and 940 nm and lidar sensing at wavelengths of 355 and 532 nm are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Noctilucent Cloud Fields According to Ground-Based Network and Airborne Photography Data","authors":"N. N. Pertsev, P. A. Dalin, V. I. Perminov, N. K. Gusev, E. Yu. Tsimerinov, A. A. Solodovnik, A. M. Zadorozhny, D. V. Korotyshkin, G. S. Bordonskiy","doi":"10.1134/s0001433824700191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001433824700191","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article analyzes fields of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) over the territory of the Russian Federation recorded by a ground-based network of cameras and by aircraft photography over two nights in June 2021. It is demonstrated that aircraft photography can significantly improve the coverage of the territory of probable appearance of NLCs. The NLC fields are compared with model regions of water vapor condensation derived from satellite measurements of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio. Practical steps are proposed for the development of aircraft observations of NLCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54911,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}