Journal of Athletic Training最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Knee Cartilage in Professional Martial Arts Athletes Using T2 Mapping: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Yao Zhang, Chenghu Deng, Wei Xia, Jun Ran, Xiaoming Li","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0127.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0127.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Although the relationship between high-impact sports like football and basketball and the development of knee osteoarthritis is well established, the effect of martial arts on the knee joint remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the imaging abnormalities of knee joints and T2 relaxation times of cartilage in professional martial arts athletes and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hospital imaging center.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Nine asymptomatic professional martial arts athletes and 18 healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>We performed 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the knee on both legs of athletes and the dominant leg of controls. The magnetic resonance imaging protocol included conventional sequences used for morphological assessment (cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, joint effusion, and bone marrow edema) and T2 mapping used for quantitatively evaluating the cartilage. Knee cartilage was manually divided into 8 regions, and T2 relaxation times of the corresponding subregions were measured. Fisher exact test and t test were used to compare the frequency of lesions and cartilage T2 values both between groups and between the athletes' limbs. P < .05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Professional martial arts athletes exhibited significantly higher frequencies of cartilage (55.6% vs 11.1%, P = .023) and ligament lesions (66.7% vs 16.7%, P = .026) compared with the control group. Athletes showed higher T2 values in 3 distinct cartilage segments: the central weight-bearing segment of the medial femoral condyle (P = .006), the medial tibial plateau (P = .012), and the trochlea (P = .032), when compared with the controls. Additionally, the dominant leg of athletes showed significantly higher T2 values compared with the nondominant leg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrated the impact of martial arts on the knee joint, characterized by higher prevalence of lesions and elevated cartilage T2 values, particularly in the medial compartment. The dominant legs of martial arts athletes seem to have higher risk of cartilage degeneration due to the observed interlimb differences in T2 values.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"1012-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited Total Arc Glenohumeral Rotation and Shoulder Biomechanics During Baseball Pitching.","authors":"Tomohiro Ide, Tyler J Hamer, Adam B Rosen, Colleen Vogel, Dimitri Haan, Brian A Knarr, Samuel J Wilkins","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0565.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0565.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Upper extremity injuries in baseball pitchers cause significant time loss from competing and decreased quality of life. Although shoulder range of motion (ROM) is reported as a key factor to prevent potential injury, it remains unclear how limited glenohumeral ROM affects pitching biomechanics which may contribute to upper extremity injuries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate how pitchers with decreased total arc glenohumeral ROM of the throwing arm differed in upper extremity pitching kinematics and kinetics as well as ball velocity compared with pitchers with greater levels of glenohumeral ROM.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Fifty-seven baseball pitchers (ages 18-24) were divided into either control (≥160° total arc) or lower ROM (<160° total arc) groups.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>The mean glenohumeral ROM deficits, pitching kinematic and kinetic outcomes, and ball velocity were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group demonstrated significantly less deficit in total arc ROM between arms than the lower ROM (control: -1.5° ± 10.0°; lower ROM: -12.4° ± 13.9°; P < .001). While the lower ROM group displayed less maximal shoulder external rotation (ER) while pitching, the control group had significantly less difference in ROM between maximal shoulder ER while pitching and clinically measured ER (lower ROM: 64.4° ± 12.1°; control: 55.8° ± 16.6°; P = .025). The control group had significantly faster ball velocity than the lower ROM group (control: 85.0 ± 4.3 mph; lower ROM: 82.4 ± 4.8 mph; P = .024).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pitchers with decreased total arc glenohumeral ROM (<160° total arc) may undergo overstretching toward ER in the shoulder during the late cocking phase. Pitchers with higher total arc ROM can pitch the same or faster ball without increasing loading in the upper extremity. Total arc glenohumeral ROM measurement can be a clinical screening tool to monitor shoulder condition over the time, and pitchers with limited total arc ROM might be at higher risk of shoulder injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"997-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Factors Associated With Lower Extremity Reinjury Risk in Soccer Players: Contribution of Self-Confidence and Reinjury Anxiety.","authors":"Aynollah Naderi, Mohammad Rahimi, Syed Yahya Zarghami, Ulrika Tranaeus, Luis Calmeiro","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0434.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0434.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Despite the availability of specialized assessment tools, psychological readiness is usually not considered when deciding to return to sport (RTS) after sport injury. Reinjury anxiety, self-confidence, and functional attention may be associated with sport reinjury, making it important to evaluate these factors before RTS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To predict lower extremity reinjury in soccer players using self-confidence, functional attention, and reinjury anxiety as predictive variables.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Sixty-two male soccer players, who were older than 18 years of age, suffered from lower extremity injuries, had completed the rehabilitation program, and were ready to RTS.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Before returning to the sport, participants completed a preseason questionnaire on their previous injuries, self-confidence, reinjury anxiety, and level of functional attention. The primary outcome measured was the risk of reinjury during the upcoming competitive season, and logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the association between each risk factor and reinjury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall reinjury rate was 5.56 injuries per 1000 hours of play. Self-confidence scores of ≤47 increased the risk of reinjury by 2.26 times (relative risk = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.31-3.91; OR = 5.00; 95% CI, 1.56-16.04), and each unit increase in self-confidence score reduced the risk of reinjury by 10% (OR = 0.90; CI, 0.82-0.99; P = .03). Regarding reinjury anxiety, a score of >22 was associated with 2.43 times the risk of reinjury (relative risk = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.44-4.13; OR = 6.46; 95% CI, 1.93-21.69), and each unit increase in reinjury anxiety score increased the risk of injury by 45% (OR = 1.45; CI, 1.13-0.87; P = .004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased reinjury anxiety and decreased self-confidence are associated with higher odds of lower extremity reinjury in male soccer players. To reduce the risk of reinjury, athletic trainers and sport psychologists should take these psychological factors into account when evaluating the psychological readiness of soccer players with a history of lower extremity injury to RTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"1035-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Leg Hop Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Ready for Landing but Cleared for Take-Off?","authors":"Samuel R Walton,Kevin A Carneiro,Abbie E Smith-Ryan,Lee Stoner,Zachary Yukio Kerr,Benjamin L Brett,Avinash Chandran,J D DeFreese,Rebekah Mannix,Landon B Lempke,Ruben J Echemendia,Michael A McCrea,Kevin M Guskiewicz,William P Meehan","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0537.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0537.23","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTUnderstanding former professional football players engagement with health promoting behaviors (physical exercise, high quality diet, and good sleep hygiene) will be helpful for developing lifestyle interventions to improve their feelings of well-being, a relatively understudied facet of health among this population.OBJECTIVEExamine associations among health-promoting behaviors and subjective outcomes related to well-being among former National Football League (NFL) players.DESIGNCross-sectional.SETTINGOnline or hard-copy survey.PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTSFormer NFL players.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESSelf-reported health-promoting behaviors (exercise frequency, diet quality, sleep duration and disturbance) and factors related to well-being (PROMIS ® Meaning and Purpose [MP], Self-Efficacy [SE], Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities [SRA]). Multivariable linear regression models were fit for each well-being-related factor with health-promoting behaviors as explanatory variables alongside select demographic, behavioral, and functional covariates. Models were fit for the full sample and separately for individual age groups: <30 years; 30-39 years; 40-49 years; 50-59 years; 60-69 years; and 70+ years.RESULTSA total of 1,784 former NFL players (aged 52.3±16.3 years) completed the survey. Lower sleep disturbance was associated with better MP (β[standard error]=-0.196[0.024]), SE (β[standard error]=-0.185[0.024]), and SRA (β[standard error]=-0.137[0.017]) in the full sample and almost all the individual age groups. More frequent moderate-to-vigorous exercise was associated with higher MP (β[standard error]=0.068[0.025]) and SRA (β[standard error]=0.151[0.065]) in the full sample, and with better MP, SE, and SRA among select middle-aged groups (between 40-69 years old). Diet quality, resistance training exercise frequency, other wellness activity frequency, and sleep duration were not associated with well-being-related factors in the full-group and sparse significant associations were observed in individual age group models.CONCLUSIONSLower sleep disturbance and more frequent moderate-to-vigorous exercise frequency may be important targets for improving overall health and well-being among former NFL players.","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Neural Plasticity and Pain-Related Fear in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Structural Neuroimaging Study.","authors":"Yuwen Zhang,Xiao'ao Xue,Guangxin Guo,Rongqian Cao,Le Yu,Weichu Tao,Siqi Pan,Yinghui Hua,He Wang","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0214.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0214.24","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTPain-related movement fear is a contributing factor to residual pain and functional deficits in chronic ankle instability (CAI), but its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVESWe aimed to (1) delineate whether participants with CAI exhibit discernible differences in specific emotion and pain-related brain regions, compared to a healthy control (HC) cohort and (2) explore potential neural mechanisms underlying pain and fear in participants with CAI, with an emphasis on investigating possible associations with pain-related neural plasticity.DESIGNCross-sectional study.SETTINGUniversity research laboratory.PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS28 participants with CAI (17males and 11 females; age: 31.28±6.31 years) and 28 HCs (16 males and 12 females; age: 30.18±7.59 years).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)We analyzed T1 structural imaging data from participants and assessed their fear of movement and pain intensity using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, respectively. We compared the mean gray matter (GM) density of pain-related area between the two groups and their correlations with the TSK and VAS scores.RESULTSIn comparison with the HC group, participants with CAI showed a significant decrease in the mean GM density in the prefrontal cortex (Cohen's d = -0.808) and periaqueductal gray (Cohen's d = -0.934). In participants with CAI, the mean GM density of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was negatively correlated with the TSK scores (r = -0.531). During intense exercise, the mean GM density of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was negatively correlated with the VAS scores (r = -0.484). Additionally, TSK scores were positively correlated with VAS scores (r = 0.455).CONCLUSIONSOur exploratory findings suggest that, in participants with CAI, the atrophy of the PFC and PAG may be associated with pain-related fear. Future clinical diagnosis and treatment for CAI should consider the impact of psychological barriers on functional recovery.","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiota characterization of a World-Class Mountain Trail runner during a complete competition season: a case report.","authors":"J Álvarez-Herms,M Burtscher,A González-Benito,F Corbi,A Odriozola-Martínez","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0143.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0143.24","url":null,"abstract":"In the present case study, the gut microbiota (GM) profile of a male Elite Mountain Runner (34 years, 171cm, 59 kg, VO2max: 92 mL·min-1 ·kg-1) was analyzed over 5 months competitive period (6 samples). The GM diversity increased through the season coinciding higher levels to the peak performance and shorter and longer race (42 vs. 172 km) produced different phenotypic GM changes. Shorter race promoted the elevation of protective bacteria related to positive benefits (higher production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate resynthesis, mucin degraders). In contrast, longer race promoted an elevation of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria while reducing protective commensal bacteria. The present findings indicate that a higher resilience of the GM after competitions may support rapid recovery from maximal exercise. The GM analyses pre- and post-competition could represent a rapid indicator for the (patho)physiological impact of exercise and provide information on gut health and recovery time needed.","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low back pain or injury before collegiate athletics, a potential risk factor for non-contact athletic injuries.","authors":"Steven Solomon,Sylvia Lin,Heidi Prather,Devyani M Hunt,Mansi Agarwal,Nancy J Bloom,Lauren Mills,John C Clohisy,Marcie Harris-Hayes","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0151.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0151.24","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTMajority of research surrounding the predictive value of clinical measurements and assessments for future athletic injury does not differentiate between contact and non-contact injuries.OBJECTIVEWe assessed the association between clinical measures and questionnaire data collected prior to sport participation and the incidence of non-contact lower extremity (LE) injuries among Division III collegiate athletes.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGUniversity setting, NCAA Division III.PARTICIPANTS488 Division III freshmen athletes were recruited to participate in the study during their preseason physical examinations.PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS10,983 public schools.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREProspective incidence of non-contact Lower extremity Injury.METHODSAthletes completed questionnaires to collect demographics and musculoskeletal pain history. Clinical tests, performed by trained examiners, included hip provocative tests, visual appraisal of a single leg squat to identify dynamic knee valgus, and hip range of motion (ROM). Injury surveillance for each athlete's collegiate career was performed. The athletic training department documented each athlete-reported, new onset injury and documented the injury location, type, and outcome (days lost, surgery performed). Univariable Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to analyze the relationship between each clinical measure and the first occurrence of non-contact LE injury. An exchangeable correlation structure was used to account for repeated measurements within athletes (right and left limbs).RESULTSOf the 488 athletes, 369 athletes (75%) were included in the final analysis. 69 non-contact LE injuries were reported. Responding \"Yes\" to \"Have you ever had pain or an injury to your low back\" was associated with an increased risk of non-contact LE, odds ratio = 1.59 (95%CI 1.03- 2.45, p=.04). No other clinical measures were associated with increased injury risk.CONCLUSIONA history of prior low back pain or injury was associated with an increased risk of sustaining a non-contact LE injury while participating in NCAA Division III athletics.","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations of throwing athletes with upper extremity injury when completing the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE).","authors":"Kellie C Huxel Bliven,Curt Bay,Kayla A Pavelski,Alison R Snyder Valier","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0466.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0466.23","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTThe Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) is a widely used patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that provides an efficient, but limited view of patient perceptions of health. Knowledge of what throwing athletes with upper extremity injury consider when answering the SANE would inform score interpretation and increase its value for clinical decision-making in this patient population.OBJECTIVETo investigate the global rating of the SANE and its ability to capture constructs of health reflected in patient-reported outcome measures that are commonly used in throwing athletes with upper extremity sport-related injury.DESIGNCross-sectional study.SETTINGRetrospective database review.PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTSDe-identified patient records of baseball and softball athletes diagnosed with upper extremity sport-related injury between October 2009 and June 2021 were reviewed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESPrimary outcomes were scores on the SANE; Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST) total; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) total; and Global Rating of Daily Activities (GRODA). The first administration of all PROs that patients completed post-injury were analyzed as potential predictors of SANE scores. The proportion of variance uniquely accounted for in the SANE by each predictor (R2) variable was estimated.RESULTSFifty-five patients completed PRO measures. The FAST total uniquely accounted for 32.9% (P <.001), the GRODA uniquely accounted for 11.6% (P <.001), and the DASH total uniquely accounted for 4.6% (P=.036) of the variance in the SANE score. Overall, the predictors accounted for 49.2% of the variance in the SANE score (P <.001).CONCLUSIONSGiven that the SANE captures multiple constructs of health, it may be useful in gathering a quick, broad view of throwing athletes' perception of their health. When SANE scores suggest diminished health, then multi-item PROs should be considered to further explore constructs of health most impacted.","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Is Modulated Differently Between Females with and without Patellofemoral Pain: Factors Related to Sensitization.","authors":"Kemery J Sigmund,Marie K Hoeger Bement,Wendy E Huddleston,Kyle T Ebersole,Jennifer E Earl-Boehm","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0124.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0124.24","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTPatellofemoral pain (PFP) has poor long-term recovery outcomes. Central sensitization describes central nervous system changes altering pain modulation, which can complicate recovery (poorer prognosis, worse function). Signs of central sensitization include amplified pain facilitation, pain hypersensitivity, and impaired pain inhibition, which can be measured with temporal summation of pain (TSP), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), respectively. Sex differences exist for these test responses, but female-only PFP investigations of sensitization are uncommon. Understanding pain modulation in females with PFP could improve treatment protocols.OBJECTIVETo determine whether females with PFP exhibit signs of central sensitization (greater TSP, lower PPTs, reduced CPM) compared to pain-free females.DESIGNCross-sectional Setting: Laboratory Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-three females [(20 PFP, 13 pain-free); Age: PFP 29.2 ± 7 years, pain-free 28 ± 7 years; Height: PFP 166.7 ± 5.9cm, pain-free 166 ± 9.5cm, Mass: PFP 66.7 ± 9.6kg, pain-free 69.3 ± 7.5kg).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESTSP was assessed with ten punctate stimuli applied to the knee and calculated by the difference in pain intensity between beginning and end responses. PPTs were tested at four sites [3 for local hypersensitivity (knee), 1 for widespread hypersensitivity (hand)]. CPM was conducted by comparing PPTs during two conditions (baseline, ice immersion). CPM response was defined as the percent difference between conditions. Between-group differences in TSP response were analyzed with a Welch's test. Separate Welch's tests analyzed group comparisons of PPTs and CPM responses at four sites.RESULTSFemales with PFP exhibited greater TSP response (P=0.019) and lower CPM response at patella center (P=0.010) and hand sites (P=0.007) than pain-free females. PPT group differences were not observed at any site (P>0.0125).CONCLUSIONSFemales with PFP modulate pain differently than pain-free females. Clinicians should recognize signs of central sensitization and their potential impact on treatment options.","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Overuse Injuries in Gender-Comparable Sports: A Nationally Representative Sample of High School Athletes.","authors":"Josie L Bunstine, Jingzhen Yang, Sandhya Kistamgari, Christy L Collins, Gary A Smith","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0040.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0040.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Participation in high school sports has physical, physiological, and social development benefits, while also increasing the risk of acute and overuse injuries. Risk of sport-related overuse injury differs between boys and girls.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate differences in overuse injuries among US high school athletes participating in the gender-comparable sports of soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study using a nationally representative sample from the High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) database.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>High schools.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Athletes with overuse injuries during the 2006-2007 through 2018-2019 academic years.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>National estimates and rates of overuse injuries were extrapolated from weighted observed numbers with the following independent variables: sport, gender, academic year, class year, event type, body site, diagnosis, recurrence, activity, and position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among an estimated 908 295 overuse injuries nationally, 43.9% (n = 398 419) occurred in boys' soccer, basketball, and baseball, whereas 56.1% (n = 509 876) occurred in girls' soccer, basketball, and softball. When comparing gender across sports, girls were more likely to sustain an overuse injury than boys (soccer, injury rate ratio [IRR]: 1.37, 95% CI = 1.20-1.57; basketball, IRR: 1.82, 95% CI = 1.56-2.14; baseball/softball, IRR: 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04-1.41). Most overuse injuries in soccer and basketball for both genders occurred to a lower extremity (soccer: 83.9% [175 369/209 071] for boys, 90.0% [243 879/271 092] for girls; basketball: 77.0% [59 239/76 884] for boys, 80.5% [81 826/101 709] for girls), whereas most overuse injuries in baseball and softball were to an upper extremity (72.5% [81 363/112 213] for boys, 53.7% [73 557/136 990] for girls). For boys' baseball, pitching (43.5% [47 007/107 984]) was the most common activity associated with an overuse injury, which differed from the most common activity of throwing (31.7% [39 921/126 104]) for girls' softball.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gender differences observed in this study can help guide future strategies that are more specific to gender and sport to reduce overuse injuries among high school athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"962-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}