Journal of Athletic Training最新文献

{"title":"Cortical Changes of Dual Cognitive-Task Balance Training in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Liangwei Chai, Ximei Sun, Qiuyu Huang, Tao Huang, Xiulan Guo, Hua Liu","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0463.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0463.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Researchers have shown that patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have deficits in memory and attention allocation. This functional deficit affects lower extremity performance. Motor-cognitive dual-task training may improve lower limb dysfunction caused by central nervous system injury. Further study is needed to determine whether dual-task training is more favorable than single-task training for improving neuromuscular control in patients with CAI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of balance-cognition dual-task training and balance single-task training on lower limb function and electroencephalography changes during static postural control in patients with CAI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized clinical trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300073875).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Rehabilitation training room.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>A total of 24 patients with CAI (age = 22.33 ± 2.43 years, height = 175.62 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 70.63 ± 14.59 kg) were block randomized into 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Intervention(s): </strong>Protocols were performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The single-task group underwent 1-legged static balance training with eyes open and closed and hopping balance training. The dual-task group underwent balance and cognitive training (backward-counting task).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Cortical activity, proprioception, muscle onset time (difference between the muscle activation time and touchdown time), and dynamic balance were assessed before and after the interventions. We performed multivariate analyses of variance to identify main effects and interactions across groups and time. A post hoc Bonferroni test was performed for pairwise comparisons when interactions were present.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants successfully completed the 6-week interventions. Proprioception, peroneus longus (PL) muscle onset time, and dynamic postural control improved after the interventions in both groups (P < .05). Dual-task training was superior to single-task training in improving joint position sense in plantar flexion, shortening PL muscle onset time, and altering cortical activity (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 6-week program of balance training or balance combined with cognitive training could improve the functional deficits associated with CAI. The dual-task training could also improve joint position sense in plantar flexion, PL muscle onset time, and cortical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"1077-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Abdominal Oblique Strength on Biomechanics in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Henry T Eilen, Wesley Kokott, Cody Dziuk, Janelle A Cross","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0195.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0195.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The pitching cycle is a highly dynamic task, and the trunk and abdominal obliques are key contributors in efficient kinetic transfer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the relationship between abdominal oblique strength and pitching biomechanics in adolescent baseball pitchers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Biomechanics laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Nineteen healthy right-handed high school male baseball pitchers (age = 17.1 ± 1.1 years, height = 183.7 ± 6.5 cm, mass = 83.1 ± 10.1 kg).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The main outcome was full body biomechanics captured at key points during the pitching cycle. The main variable of interest was abdominal oblique strength (glove arm and throwing arm). Kinematics and kinetics were calculated using Visual 3D motion capture software. Descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations were calculated. Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed the data were normally distributed. Scatterplots determined linear associations, so a 2-tailed Pearson correlation with Fisher option was used to examine associations between obliques strength measurements and biomechanical metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three kinematic measures were identified with p < 0.05 and r = 0.5 demonstrating strong correlations with abdominal oblique strength. Maximum pelvis rotation velocity was positively correlated with throwing arm oblique strength (r =0.52, p = 0.02). Glove arm oblique strength was positively correlated with both maximum pelvis rotation velocity and maximum torso rotation velocity (r = 0.69, p = 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.02, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data highlight the moderate to strong positive relationship abdominal oblique strength has on both maximal pelvic and torso rotational velocity. Training to improve the strength of the abdominal obliques may increase both maximal pelvic and trunk rotational velocity, while avoiding a significant increase upper extremity joint loading, which is important in optimizing performance and injury prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals with patellofemoral pain have impaired self-reported and performance-based function: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.","authors":"Ana Flavia Balotari Botta, Marina Cabral Waiteman, Júlia de Cássia Pinto da Silva, Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo, Michelle C Boling, David Matthew Bazett-Jones, Ronaldo Valdir Briani","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0353.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0353.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine impairments on self-reported/performance-based function in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) as well as physical and non-physical factors potentially related with these impairments.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases from inception until January 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>We included studies comparing self-reported/performance-based measures of function between individuals with PFP and their pain-free limbs or pain-free individuals.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent researchers extracted the key information from each study.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>We performed meta-analyses for each self-reported/performance-based measure of function and meta-regressions to identify factors that might explain meta-analyses outcomes. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). We included 83 studies (2807 individuals with PFP and 2518 pain-free individuals). We identified very low to high certainty evidence that individuals with PFP have reduced self-reported (large effect sizes, standardized mean difference [SMD], -1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-2.41,-1.57 to SMD, -4.87; 95% CI:-6.97,-2.77) and performance-based (small to large effect sizes: SMD, -.30; 95% CI:-.58, -.02 to SMD, -1.21; 95% CI:-2.71, -.29) measures of function compared to pain-free individuals, but there are no differences between limbs in individuals with unilateral PFP for the most of performance-based measures of function (small to moderate effect sizes, SMD, -.20; 95% CI:-.68, .27 to SMD, -.49; 95% CI:-1.02, .03). Age, body mass index, duration of symptoms and self-reported pain did not significantly explain self-reported function, whereas age did not significantly explain performance-based function (R2 25 <.01 to .02, p =.145 to .914).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlight the negative impact of PFP on self-reported and performance- based function, which seems to also affect the pain-free limb. Self-reported and performance- based measures of function should be considered when assessing individuals with PFP. None of the factors investigated explained impaired self-reported and performance-based function.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between knee joint effusion and quadriceps strength and activation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction.","authors":"Alexa K Johnson, Taylor McCollin, Steven A Garcia, Edward M Wojtys, Chandramouli Krishnan, Riann M Palmieri-Smith","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0294.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0294.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Knee joint effusion and quadriceps strength and activation deficits are common consequences of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. The presence of an effusion may initiate or worsen the quadriceps dysfunction present after ACL trauma. In simulated effusion studies, evidence indicates an inverse relationship between effusion size and quadriceps dysfunction. While this relationship was not found in patients after ACL injury, prior research was limited by a subjective clinical assessment of effusion grade.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine if the size of the knee joint effusion, measured via ultrasound, after ACL injury and reconstruction influences quadriceps strength and activation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive Laboratory Study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Research Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>41 individuals (23 females, age=21.8±7.5years, height =171.7±7.9cm, 15 mass =72.3±14.2kg), with an ACL injury reported for 2 sessions [one before 16 reconstruction and one ∽16 weeks after ACL reconstruction].</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Three ultrasound images of the suprapatellar pouch and three trials of quadriceps strength and activation using the interpolated twitch technique were gathered from the ACL knee. Effusion cross-sectional area was measured using ImageJ, averaged and inputted into linear regression models to predict muscle strength and interpolated twitch activation. Analyses were considered significant at p≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No relationship was found between effusion size and strength (R2 = 0.086) or activation (R2=0.056) after ACL injury (p>0.05). After reconstruction, however, there was a small negative relationship between effusion size 24 and activation (R2=0.122; Standardized β=-0.349; p=0.025), while no relationship was found for effusion size and strength (R2=0.000; p≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The size of the effusion after ACL injury does not influence strength or activation. However, after ACL reconstruction, effusion size does have a small influence on quadriceps activation, with a larger effusion being related to lower activation. Prior research using simulated effusions appear to overestimate the effects of effusion on quadriceps function.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can blood flow restriction induce cross-education of muscle strength and volume? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Liang Sun, Yi Yang, Jiong Luo","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0271.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0271.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research systematically assesses the effects of low-load blood flow restriction on the cross-education of muscle strength and volume, providing evidence-based guidance for clinicians and rehabilitation therapists.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The literature search utilized databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Quality assessment employed the Cochrane Collaboration's RCT bias evaluation tool. Data synthesis, forest plot creation, and publication bias assessment were performed with Reman 5.4 software. This study is registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY), 202440038.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Six meta-analyses, encompassing 259 undergraduate students, were performed. Results indicated a markedly enhanced cross-education effect in muscle strength induction via blood flow restriction, surpassing that of traditional unilateral training and control groups. Nonetheless, the cross-education impact on muscle volume induction showed no notable variance among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blood flow restriction has been shown to effectively induce cross-education in muscle strength. Nevertheless, additional research is required to determine its impact on muscle strength. Nevertheless, additional research is required to determine its impact on muscle volume cross-education. Reduced exercise intensity with blood flow restriction may augment neural activation, implying possible advantages in rehabilitative training for individuals with neurological conditionsmeriting additional investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation In Response to Limb Loading Instruction on Knee Mechanics During Squatting in Early Recovery Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Susan Sigward, Willa Ma","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0129.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0129.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>On average, individuals in early recovery following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) improve limb loading symmetry (LLS) with instruction to equalize weight distribution between limbs during squats. However, the extent to which these instructions improve knee extensor loading symmetry (KLS) or reduce intra-limb compensations is not known.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine how limb loading instructions influence knee and intra-limb loading in individuals 3-4 months post-ACLr and to explore variations in responses across individuals.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Controlled Laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Research Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Individuals 109.4 days (18.2 days) post-ACLr (n=20) and healthy matched controls (CTRL; n=19).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants performed double limb squats in natural (N; no instruction) and instructed (IN; instruction to evenly distribute weight between limbs) conditions.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Between limb and knee loading symmetry were calculated as the ratio of vertical ground reaction force and knee extensor moment impulse, between surgical(Sx):matched and non-surgical(NSx):matched limbs (ACLr:control), respectively. Intra- limb hip/knee (H/K) extensor loading distribution was calculated in Sx:matched limbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LLS (N: 0.86; IN: 0.93, P < 0.001; ES:0.83) and KLS (N: 0.54; IN: 0.62, P=0.007; ES:0.67) improved with instruction in the ACLr group with no change in CTRL. H/K ratio did not change for either group. K-means clustering, considering natural and change (natural- instructed) in LLS, KLS, and H/K ratio, described response to instruction across three clusters: 1) ACLr: n=3; CTRL: n=9, were symmetrical in both conditions, 2) ACLr: n=14, showed some improvement in symmetry, 3) ACLr: n=3, only improved LLS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Average data suggests that weightbearing instruction improved LLS to within 7%, but a 38% knee loading deficit remained, and intra-limb compensation did not improve. Data- driven clusters indicate that three ACLr subjects were similar to controls, fourteen improved LLS, KLS and H/K distribution, and three only improved LLS with worsening KLS and H/K.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of a return to performance pathway for an international soccer player recovering from ankle syndesmosis stabilization in time for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. A Case Report.","authors":"Andrew Mitchell, Mark Palmer, Jan-Niklas Droste","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0389.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0389.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 26-year-old male international soccer player suffered a West Point Ankle Grade III syndesmosis injury leading up to the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Following surgical stabilization, the player completed an eleven-phase return-to-performance (RTPerf) pathway designed to ensure rapid and safe return to play. The pathway employs distinct phases that incorporate clinical, psychological, and sports-specific criteria to inform decision making throughout the process. This case report outlines the phases and criteria used in conjunction with shared decision-making by the interdisciplinary team (IDT) to ensure a successful return to play at the highest level. The effectiveness of this pathway was demonstrated by the player competing at the 2022 FIFA World Cup.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined active and passive isothermic heating leads to similar core temperature compared to exercise alone.","authors":"Floris C Wardenaar, Sonia Navarro, Rachel Caballero, Kaila A Vento, Stavros A Kavouras, Jenni Vanos","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0448.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0448.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The training stress of heat acclimatization optimizing exercise performance in a hot environment can be demanding.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the efficiency of different single heating protocols to elevate core temperature.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Not randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Passive heating (PAS), 30-min active heating using a high-intensity bike protocol (HIBP) in a hot environment with 30-min passive heating (EH-PAS), 60-min HIBP in a hot environment (EH), or 60-min HIBP at room temperature (EM).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ten male participants (25±3 years) performed four different 60-min heating strategies at least one week apart.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Body core temperature and heart rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest peak gastrointestinal temperature occurred in EH-PAS (39.1±0.4°C), followed by EH (38.9±0.3°C), EM (38.4±0.3°C), and PAS (38.1±0.5°C). The average HR, measured as a control for intensity, was not different between exercise strategies (EH-PAS: 142±12.3, EH: 146±9.7, and EM: 142±13.3, p>0.05), while different from PAS: 98±15.2 bpm, p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding passive heating to a shorter exercise protocol can be just as effective in keeping core temperature elevated as exercise in the heat alone during a 60-minute session. Therefore, a single-bout combination of exercise and passive heating may result in a similar body temperature induction compared to exercise heat stress alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National estimates of nonurgent emergency department utilization for sportsrelated injuries in high school-age population.","authors":"Collin Peterson, Tao Li, Marc Norcross, Sam Johnson","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0473.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0473.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Athletic trainers (ATs) can manage nonurgent, musculoskeletal emergency department (ED) visits. Little is known about what populations are most likely to use the ED for nonurgent, sports-related musculoskeletal injuries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our object is to provide national-level evidence on whether high-school age population with public insurance or lower socioeconomic status were more likely to have ED visits for nonurgent injuries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Secondary data analysis of the 2017-2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS).</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>ED visits for high school-age patients with a sports-related musculoskeletal injury.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>We used a multi-step process and AT scope of care threshold to classify ED visits for musculoskeletal injuries as urgent and nonurgent. National estimates of the proportions of visit, patient, and hospital characteristics by urgent, nonurgent, and total injury ED visits were reported. Survey weighted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of an ED visit being for a nonurgent injury based on a patient's insurance type and socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For ED visits for musculoskeletal injuries in a high school-age, sports exposed population, 52.93% (95% CI: 51.11, 54.73) were for nonurgent injuries. Patients with public insurance were more likely (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.44) to have an ED visit for a nonurgent injury compared to ED visits for patients with private insurance. Patients from the lowest estimated neighborhood income quartiles were more likely (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.20) to have an ED visit for a nonurgent injury compared to ED visits for patients in the highest estimated income quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest opportunities to reduce nonurgent ED use using AT services exist, especially in high school-age athletes from vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Y-Balance Test Scores During Months 4, 5, and 6 of ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation.","authors":"Emily C Srygler, Madison N Renner, Stephanie N Adler, Jennifer S Chambers, David R Bell","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0397.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0397.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is well researched since injuries typically result in lengthy recoveries and rehabilitation periods until athletes can return to full activity. Although a large body of literature on the early and late stages of rehabilitation following ACL reconstructive (ACLR) surgery exists, less is known regarding the mid-phase of ACL rehabilitation and healthy versus injured limb differences in functional testing during this stage.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to determine if Y-Balance Test (YBT) scores obtained during the mid-phase of ACLR rehabilitation change over months 4, 5, and 6.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case Series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 27 participants (17 females; 18.96±3.02 years (range 15-24); 173.63±10.29cm; 72.55±17.83kg) who sustained a unilateral ACL injury, experienced no episodes of instability or knee giving away, had not suffered a previous ACL injury, and expressed a desire to return to sport at the end of rehabilitation came in once a month following ACLR to participate in a battery of tests.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>YBT scores in the anterior, posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) directions in the healthy and reconstructed limbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A main effect for limb was observed for the anterior (Healthy: m4: 78.8cm±5.8, m5: 79.5cm±5.2, m6: 79.4±5.8; Reconstructed: m4: 77.2±5.9, m5: 78.5±5.1, m6: 78.1±6.4, p=0.023) and PM (Healthy: m4: 80.0cm±8.7, m5: 81.0cm±9.1, m6: 82.9cm±8.9; Reconstructed: m4: 79.3cm±6.8, m5: 79.4cm±8.2, m6: 81.1cm±8.5, p=0.013). directions indicating that the reconstructed limb performed worse than the healthy limb. A main effect for time was observed for the PL direction (Healthy: m4: 78.8cm±5.8, m5: 79.5cm±5.2, m6: 79.4cm±5.8; Reconstructed: m4: 77.2cm±5.9, m5:78.5cm±5.1, m6: 78.1cm±6.4, p=0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The YBT measured improvement in the PL direction across time in the reconstructed limb. In the PM and anterior directions, the YBT did not measure these same improvements across this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}