Journal of Athletic Training最新文献

{"title":"Gait Training Interventions for Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Christine Ortega, Jeffrey D Simpson, Luke Donovan, Lauren Forsyth, Danielle M Torp, Rachel M Koldenhoven","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0499.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0499.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to determine if gait training interventions influence lower extremity biomechanics during walking in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE to identify English-language studies from inception through September 2022. Eligible studies included randomized control trials, repeated measures design, and descriptive laboratory studies measuring the effects during or following a gait training intervention on biomechanical outcomes (kinematics, kinetics, electromyography) during walking in individuals with CAI. Gait training interventions were broadly categorized into devices (destabilization devices, novel gait training device) and biofeedback (visual, auditory, and haptic delivery modes). Meta-analyses were conducted when appropriate using random-effects to compare pre-and post- gait training intervention mean differences and standard deviations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted for single session gait training studies only. Eleven studies reported kinetic outcomes. Our meta-analyses showed location of center of pressure (COP) was shifted medially from 0-90% (Effect Size [ES] range=0.35-0.82) of stance, contact time was decreased in medial forefoot (ES=0.43), peak pressure was decreased for lateral midfoot (ES=1.18) and increased for hallux (ES=0.59), pressure time integral was decreased for lateral heel (ES=0.33) and lateral midfoot (ES=1.22) and increased for hallux (ES=0.63). Three studies reported kinematic outcomes. Seven studies reported electromyography outcomes. Our meta-analyses revealed increased activity following initial contact (IC) for fibularis longus (ES=0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gait training protocols improved some lower extremity biomechanical outcomes in individuals with CAI. Plantar pressure outcome measures seem to be most impacted by gait training programs with improvements in decreasing lateral pressure associated with increased risk for lateral ankle sprains. Gait training increased EMG activity post-IC for the fibularis longus. Few studies have assessed the impact of multi-session gait training on biomechanical outcome measures. Targeted gait trainning should be considered when treating patients with CAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Concussion Education: Do Athletic Trainers' Opinions Match Expert Consensus?","authors":"Julia D Drattell, Emily Kroshus, Johna K Register-Mihalik, Christopher D'Lauro, Julianne D Schmidt","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0486.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0486.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The National Collegiate Athletic Association and Department of Defense (NCAA-DoD) Mind Matters Challenge created \"useful and feasible\" consensus recommendations to improve concussion care-seeking behavior in collegiate athletes and military cadets. Given athletic trainers' (ATs') role as providers of concussion education and medical care, it is important to understand if they agree with the expert panel that the recommendations are useful and feasible.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and compare the perceptions of ATs in the secondary school (SS) and collegiate settings of the utility and feasibility of the NCAA-DoD Mind Matters Challenge recommendations on improving concussion education.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Electronic survey.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Five hundred fifteen (515) ATs (age = 40.7 ± 12.4 years, 53.1% female gender) practicing in the SS (60.6%) or collegiate (38.4%) setting.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>An online survey asked participants about their awareness of the statement followed by 17 pairs of Likert-item questions regarding each recommendation's utility and feasibility with responses ranging from no (1) to yes (9). Mimicking the consensus process, we defined consensus as a mean rating of ≥7.00. We compared utility and feasibility rating responses between SS and collegiate setting participants using Mann-Whitney U tests with α = .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-thirds (66.6%) of participants were unaware of the consensus statement. Participants felt all recommendations were useful (all means ≥ 7.0); however, 4 recommendations related to collaborating with stakeholders did not meet the feasibility cutoff (mean range = 6.66-6.84). Secondary school ATs rated lower feasibility related to educational content (P value range = .001-.014), providing patient education throughout recovery (P = .002), and promoting peer intervention (P = .019) but higher utility (P = .007) and feasibility (P = .002) for providing parent education than collegiate ATs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NCAA-DoD Mind Matters Challenge recommendations require further dissemination. Athletic trainers rated collaboration with stakeholders as a feasibility barrier. Secondary school ATs require more resources for educational content, messaging, and promoting peer intervention but find educating athletes' parents more useful and feasible than collegiate ATs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"801-808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Scapular Protractors and Retractors Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Dyskinesis.","authors":"Géraldine Martens, Amandine Gofflot, Camille Tooth, Cédric Schwartz, Stephen Bornheim, Jean-Louis Croisier, Jean-François Kaux, Bénédicte Forthomme","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0092.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0092.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Scapular dyskinesis is a shoulder dysfunction that can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or weakness. Reduced strength and fatigue resistance of the scapular protractor and retractor muscles that stabilize the scapula might contribute to dyskinesis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the strength and fatigue resistance profiles of participants with symptomatic or asymptomatic scapular dyskinesis and compare them with healthy control (HC) individuals using isokinetic assessment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Twenty HC individuals and 21 overhead athletes with symptomatic (n = 10) or asymptomatic (n = 11) scapular dyskinesis.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Strength (peak torque, maximum work), fatigue resistance (total work), and protraction:retraction ratios measured during a closed chain isokinetic protocol (40 repetitions in concentric mode at 24.4 cm/s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scapular protractors' strength and fatigue resistance were higher (P < .01) in HC individuals (peak torque = 5.0 ± 0.9 N/kg, maximum work = 2.4 ± 0.5 J/kg, total work = 72.4 ± 0.6 J/kg) than in asymptomatic (peak torque = 3.4 ± 0.7 N/kg, maximum work = 1.7 ± 0.4 J/kg, total work = 50.0 ± 13.7 J/kg) or symptomatic (peak torque = 3.8 ± 0.6 N/kg, maximum work = 1.8 ± 0.3 J/kg, total work = 58.1 ± 12.9 J/kg) dyskinetic participants. The symptomatic dyskinetic group presented the highest retractor strength and fatigue resistance (P < .01) values (peak torque = 5.2 ± 0.6 N/kg, maximum work = 2.9 ± 0.8 J/kg, total work = 87.7 ± 22.7 J/kg), followed by the HC individuals (peak torque = 4.7 ± 1.0 N/kg, maximum work = 2.1 ± 0.5 J/kg, total work = 65.3 ± 17.9 J/kg) and the asymptomatic dyskinetic participants (peak torque = 3.9 ± 1.0 N/kg, maximum work = 1.9 ± 0.6 J/kg, total work = 58.6 ± 18.5 J/kg). The protraction:retraction ratios showed a gradual decrease (P < .001) from the HC individuals (1.1) to the asymptomatic (0.9) and symptomatic (0.7) dyskinetic participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scapular dyskinesis is characterized by weaker scapular protractors and reduced agonist:antagonist ratios, especially when patients are symptomatic. Targeting the scapular protractors to achieve a better balance of scapular musculature in rehabilitation and strengthening programs may improve shoulder symptoms and function, but more interventional studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"814-821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Disruption and Neuromechanics During Landing-Cutting in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.","authors":"Hyunwook Lee, Seunguk Han, J Ty Hopkins","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0379.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0379.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate altered movement patterns when their vision is disturbed during simple tasks, such as single-legged standing and walking. However, it remains unclear whether visual disruption by stroboscopic glasses alters movement patterns during landing-cutting movements, considered highly demanding sport maneuvers that mimic a typical athletic movement.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify altered lower extremity kinematics and muscle activation when vision is disrupted by stroboscopic glasses during landing-cutting tasks in individuals with CAI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>A total of 18 individuals with CAI (age = 22.3 ± 2.3 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.1 m, mass = 72.5 ± 9.8 kg) and 18 matched healthy controls (age = 21.7 ± 2.3 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.1 m, mass = 71.9 ± 10.3 kg).</p><p><strong>Intervention(s): </strong>All participants performed 5 trials of a landing-cutting task with (SV) and without (NSV) stroboscopic glasses.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Frontal- and sagittal-plane lower extremity kinematics and 6 lower extremity muscle activations during the stance phase of a landing-cutting task in the SV and NSV conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with CAI demonstrated more ankle-inversion angle from 18% to 22% and from 60% to 100% of the stance phase and more peroneus longus activation from initial contact to 18% of the stance phase under the SV condition than under the NSV condition. We observed no differences in knee- and hip-joint angles between the visual conditions for both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When wearing stroboscopic glasses, individuals with CAI showed altered movement patterns, including increased ankle-inversion angle and peroneus longus activation during the stance phase of a landing-cutting task. The results suggest that they may lack the ability to reweight sensory information to adapt their movement to visual disruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"822-829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History, Knowledge, and Education of Sport-Related Concussion Among College Athletes in Japan.","authors":"Chihiro Tashima, Mana Otomo, Yuri Hosokawa","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0382.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0382.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Few authors have investigated sport-related concussion (SRC) awareness and knowledge among athletes in Japan. Sport-related concussion research is scarce among Asian compared with North American and European cohorts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine previous SRC history, level of SRC knowledge, and previous exposure to SRC education among collegiate athletes in Japan by the level of contact and access to medical staff.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Single-university study in Japan.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>A total of 2103 athletes (48 varsity teams) were contacted to participate in an anonymous survey. Data from athletes with (1) SRC history in the past 3 months, (2) persistent SRC symptoms, (3) nontraditional sports, or (4) incomplete surveys were excluded. As a result, data from 593 athletes representing 43 varsity teams were included in this analysis.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Outcome measures were level of contact (contact [CON], limited contact [LTD], noncontact [NC]), access to medical staff (MEDYES, MEDNO), SRC knowledge (maximum score of 49), previous SRC history (self-report; yes, no), and previous SRC education (self-report; yes, no).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average SRC knowledge total score was 33.4 ± 6.1 (range, 18-48). The knowledge score in CON was higher than in LTD and NC (P < .001) and in MEDYES than MEDNO (median, MEDYES = 34.0, MEDNO = 32.0; U = 27 841.5, P < .001). Sport-related concussion history was statistically different by the level of contact ( = 27.95, P < .001) and by access to medical staff ( = 4.5, P = .034). The presence of an SRC history and previous SRC education contributed to higher SRC knowledge, independent of the level of contact and access to medical staff (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Japanese athletes who participated in CON sports had a higher prevalence of SRC history, higher knowledge, and greater exposure to SRC education than those in LTD or NC sports. Access to medical staff was associated with higher SRC knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"793-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Pregnancy Disclosure in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III Athletes.","authors":"Kiley E Horn, Tyler S Harris","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0498.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0498.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Pregnant athletes cannot receive proper care if they choose to conceal their pregnancy. Unfortunately, many factors may lead an athlete to conceal. Whereas the extant qualitative literature suggests scholarship and sponsorship are prominent factors in the decision to disclose, this research is limited to elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantitatively examine predictors of pregnancy disclosure beyond scholarship and sponsorship in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III college athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Midwestern United States.</p><p><strong>Participants or other participants: </strong>Athletes on Division III women's sports teams (N = 127).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Confidence in the athletic trainer (AT), perceived training and performance changes, athletic identity, and athletic identity during pregnancy. Two separate multiple regression analyses were conducted with the 4 predictors and 2 outcomes: likelihood to disclose and time to disclosure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confidence in the AT and athletic identity during pregnancy were significant predictors in both models, whereas the variable of perceived training and performance changes was only significant in the likelihood to disclose model. Athletic identity was not a significant predictor in either model. Results suggest Division III athletes believe they would be more likely to disclose their pregnancy and may disclose sooner if they feel that their AT can properly manage their physical, emotional, and social wellness during the pregnancy. Additionally, disclosure is promoted if they believe they will still be viewed as athletes by themselves and the people around them.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings emphasize the importance of the role of the AT, with implications that formal education of ATs should include the holistic support of the pregnant athlete.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"830-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Knowledge of Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport in Female Cross-Country Athletes.","authors":"Melissa T Lodge, Kathryn E Ackerman, Jessica Garay","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0608.22","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0608.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The female athlete triad (Triad) and relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) describe potential health and performance consequences of low energy availability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We surveyed female cross-country athletes to assess differences in educational impact scores (EIS; knowledge score × confidence score factor) of Triad and REDs. Associations between EIS and participant characteristics (eg, mileage [current and peak], years of running experience, age, bone stress injury history, division level participation, academic area of study, Triad or REDs diagnoses, and Triad or REDs education) were explored.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>An evidence-based online survey was developed and administered via Qualtrics to female collegiate cross-country athletes (n = 275; age = 20 ± 1 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A weak correlation existed between peak career mileage and EIS (r = 0.195; P = .010). Educational impact scores significantly differed in athletes with a related academic area of study versus those without (21.91 ± 5.16 and 16.11 ± 5.54, respectively). Educational impact scores significantly differed in athletes with Triad and REDs diagnoses (21.69 ± 5.85 and 22.58 ± 6.82, respectively) versus those without (16.80 ± 6.54 and 17.20 ± 6.34, respectively). Educational impact scores were higher in those who had received Triad education versus those who had not (21.03 ± 6.86 and 18.12 ± 6.82, respectively). A significant interaction between peak career mileage and Triad diagnosis was found (P = .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant education-based and diagnosis differences suggest that Triad diagnoses correlate with peak career mileage. These findings support the facilitation of education to improve not only the treatment but also the prevention of Triad and REDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"836-844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Norms and Concussion Disclosure Behavior: Clarification of Terms and Measurement Recommendations.","authors":"Monica R Lininger, Natalie Cook, Heidi Wayment","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0545.23","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0545.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nondisclosed sport-related concussion symptoms pose a significant risk to athletes' health and well-being. Many researchers have focused on understanding the factors affecting athletes' concussion disclosure behaviors. One of the most robust predictors of the likelihood that an athlete will disclose concussion symptoms to their coaches, athletic trainers, parents, or peers is what researchers term social norms. The extant literature regarding social norms influencing concussion disclosure behaviors is inconsistent on how the construct should be defined, conceptualized, or measured, often failing to distinguish between descriptive and injunctive social norms and their sources (direct and indirect). In this technical note, we provide an overview of these critical distinctions, their importance in assessments, and examples from the literature in which scholars have correctly operationalized these constructs in athletic populations. We conclude with a brief set of suggestions for researchers seeking to measure social norms in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"809-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is an Exercise-Based Injury-Prevention Program Effective in Team Handball Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Aynollah Naderi, Fatemeh Shaabani, Mojtaba Keikha, Hans Degens","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0680.22","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0680.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based injury-prevention programs in preventing sports injuries in team handball players.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL from inception until April 2023.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, contained a population of competitive team handball players, included an intervention designed specifically to prevent or reduce the risk of team handball injuries, and reported injury incidence rates specific to team handball players. Two researchers independently evaluated studies for inclusion and assessed their methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Study design, intervention details, participant characteristics, and the number of injuries in each group were extracted from each study by 2 independent researchers. The outcome of interest was the incidence rate of injury. Injury data were classified into 5 groups: shoulder injuries, lower extremity injuries, knee injuries, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and ankle injuries. Extracted data were analyzed using a random-effects model to compute the overall effect estimates of injury-prevention programs in reducing the risk of injuries. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated based on the number of injuries in each group.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Meta-analyses were conducted independently for each injury classification. Results indicated that prevention programs reduced the risk of shoulder injuries (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.85; P = .004), lower extremity injuries (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.95; P = .03), knee injuries (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.78; P = .002), anterior cruciate ligament injuries (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.96; P = .03), and ankle injuries (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.81; P = .002) in team handball players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In team handball players, injury-prevention programs appear to effectively reduce the risk of shoulder, lower extremity, knee, ankle, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":"845-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of verbal cues on EMG activity during a quadriceps setting exercise.","authors":"Connor Frerichs, Joseph DeHope, Maggie Chamberlain, Dylan Bassett, Brooke Farmer, Anastasia Kyvelidou, Mitchel Magrini, Terry L Grindstaff","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0118.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0118.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>A quadriceps setting (quad set) exercise is commonly utilized following knee injury, but there is great variation in cues that clinicians provide to patients when performing the exercise.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine if internal, external, or visual cues results in the greatest quadriceps electromyographical (EMG) activity during a quadriceps setting exercise in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University research laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirty healthy individuals volunteered for this study. Participants were given one of five cues in a randomized order: internal cue \"tighten your thigh muscles,\" internal cue \"push your knee down,\" external cue \"push into the bolster,\" external cue \"push into the strap,\" or visual biofeedback using the cue \"raise the value on the screen as high as you can.\"</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Normalized vastus lateralis EMG activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both visual biofeedback (83.2±24.9%) and \"press into the strap\" (76.8±24.4%) produced significantly greater (p< 0.001) EMG activity than the push knee down (53.2±27.0%), tighten thigh (52.7±27.3%), or push into the bolster (50.8±26.3) conditions. There was no significant difference (p= 0.10) between the visual biofeedback and \"press into the strap\" conditions as well as no significant difference (p> 0.38) between the push knee down, tighten thigh, or push into the bolster conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If the clinical aim during a quadriceps setting exercise is to obtain the greatest volitional muscle recruitment, the use of visual biofeedback or pressing into a strap is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}