Journal of Athletic Training最新文献

{"title":"The Implementation of a Clinically-Based Electronic Medical Record in a Division I Sports Medicine Clinic: A Clinical Practice Report.","authors":"Jennifer C Farrant, Isabella Wild, Amanda J Tritsch, Rebecca M Lopez","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0646.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0646.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical Problem: Implementation and sustainability of a clinical electronic medical record (EMR) allowing for multiple billable encounters in an athletic medicine practice.Environment: Division-I collegiate athletics clinic.Variables: For ATs to complete billable documentation clinicians must: use an electronic health record (EHR), understand and appropriately use Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) codes, understand patient encounter types, Relative Value Units (RVUs), and the role of a service provider related to incident-to capability.Strategy: Proposed and implemented the use of a clinic based EMR which communicated within the entire medical system with all providers. Proposed and implemented structural changes within the athletic medicine clinic to support athletic trainer billing in a traditional clinical atmosphere. Implementation resulted in the ability to bill incident-to but posed a challenge in compliance of adopting a new documentation strategy.Strategy: Proposed and implemented the use of a clinic based EMR which communicated within the entire medical system with all providers. Proposed and implemented structural changes within the athletic medicine clinic to support athletic trainer billing in a traditional clinical atmosphere. Implementation resulted in the ability to bill incident-to but posed a challenge in compliance of adopting a new documentation strategy.Strategy: Proposed and implemented the use of a clinic based EMR which communicated within the entire medical system with all providers. Proposed and implemented structural changes within the athletic medicine clinic to support athletic trainer billing in a traditional clinical atmosphere. Implementation resulted in the ability to bill incident-to but posed a challenge in compliance of adopting a new documentation strategy.Findings: ATs were able to be reimbursed by some insurance companies. The use of the clinical EMR resulted in athletic trainers billing 13 CPT codes and insurance reimbursement as high as $38,000 per fiscal year in the 5 years since implementation.Outcome: Documentation in a clinical-based record has standardized communication between members of the athletic medicine team, generated revenue, and is used as a tool to measure productivity and demonstrate the fiscal value of the athletic trainer.Lessons Learned: ATs must buy-in to and understand the need to shift from an \"athletic trainer specific EMR\" to a clinical based EMR. Although the quantity of documentation does not change, the quality and structure of the notes must meet CMS guidelines. This significant change requires policy updates and demands that ATs in this system re-structure documentation practices. Creating a culture of growth is critical, allowing others to see that while this method is different, ATs can complete this level of documentation. (298 words).</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Concussion History and Progressively Increasing Cognitive Load on Jump Landing and Cutting Reaction Time, Biomechanics, and Task Demands.","authors":"Eric J Shumski, Deborah A Barany, Julianne D Schmidt, Robert C Lynall","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0681.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0681.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Context:There is a 2-4x increased risk for musculoskeletal injury after concussion. A potential reason for the increased risk is aberrant biomechanics. The majority of prior research has focused on single-task biomechanics, but dual-task biomechanics may better represent athletic competition. Objective:To compare (1) jump landing and cutting biomechanics, (2) dual-task cost cognitive outcomes, and (3) perceived task difficulty/demands under single- and dual- task conditions (no-counting, serial 3s, serial 7s) between individuals with and without a concussion history. Design:Cross-sectional. Setting:Biomechanics laboratory. Participants:Twenty-three individuals with (age:20.2±1.9years, BMI:22.9±2.7kg/m2, 60.9% female, 44.7 months [95% confidence interval=23.6, 65.7] post-concussion) and 23 individuals without (age: 20.7±1.7years, BMI: 22.4±2.3kg/m2, 60.9% female) a concussion history participated. Main Outcome Measures:Jump landing and cutting trunk lower extremity kinematics and kinetics under single- and dual-task conditions. Cognitive accuracy and response rate during dual-tasking. NASA Task Load Index questionnaire. Results:During the jump landing, all participants exhibited a significantly faster reaction time during no counting versus serial 3s (p<0.001, Hedge's g=1.187) and serial 7s (p<0.001, Hedge's g=1.526). During the cutting, all participants exhibited a significantly faster reaction time during no counting versus serial 3s (p<0.001, Hedge's g=0.910) and serial 7s (p<0.001, Hedge's g=1.261), and serial 3s versus serial 7s (p=0.002, Hedge's g=0.319). All participants reported lower task demands during jump landing and cutting for no counting versus serial 3s (p<0.001) and serial 7s (p<0.001), and serial 3s versus serial 7s (p<0.001). Conclusion:Concussion history did not affect any of our outcomes, possibly because lingering biomechanical deficits may have resolved in our sample. Task demands did increase with increasing cognitive load, which may be beneficial for progressively manipulating the dual-task cognitive component during rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Adaptations of the Ulnar Nerve in Professional Baseball Pitchers: Ulnar Nerve Adaptations in Pitchers.","authors":"Ryan W Paul, Alim Osman, Chizoba N Umeweni, Levon N Nazarian, Austin M Looney, Manoj P Reddy, Michael G Ciccotti, Steven B Cohen, Brandon J Erickson, Paul Buchheit, Joseph Rauch, Stephen J Thomas","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0696.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0696.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Context: Screening programs to identify negative ulnar nerve adaptations in throwing athletes can help minimize injury risk and individualize treatment programs prior to the onset of symptoms. However, it is currently unclear how the ulnar nerve structurally adapts chronically in professional baseball pitchers. Objective: To compare ulnar nerve ultrasound structural characteristics between the throwing (dominant) and non-throwing control (non-dominant) elbows in professional pitchers, with a secondary purpose of comparing ultrasound structural characteristics between subluxating and non-subluxating ulnar nerves. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The beginning of the 2022 Minor League Baseball spring training of a single professional baseball organization. Participants: All asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers from a single organization. Main Outcome Measures: Bilateral elbow ultrasound examinations by a musculoskeletal radiologist for subsequent image quantification of ulnar nerve properties (echogenicity, area, circularity), as well as to identify ulnar nerve subluxation. Results: Overall, 67 male professional baseball pitchers were enrolled. No significant bilateral differences in ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (dominant: 0.2 cm2 vs. non-dominant: 0.2 cm2, p=0.4), echogenicity (137 pixel intensity vs. 128 pixel intensity, p=0.07), or circularity (0.67 vs. 0.69, p=0.4) were observed. Ulnar nerve echogenicity was significantly lower in subluxating dominant ulnar nerves compared to non-subluxating dominant ulnar nerves (127 pixel intensity vs. 143 pixel intensity, p=0.006), while no significant differences in ulnar nerve area (0.2 mm2 vs. 0.2 mm2, p=0.1) or circularity (0.68 vs. 0.66, p=0.4) were observed between groups. Conclusions: The ulnar nerve of the throwing elbow had similar cross-sectional area, echogenicity, and circularity compared to the non-dominant ulnar nerve. Nerve echogenicity was significantly decreased in subluxating ulnar nerves, however further research is necessary to determine why this difference exists and the potential direction of causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing apples and pears? Evaluating the interchangeability of three different positions for hip abduction and adduction strength testing in academy footballers.","authors":"James O'Brien, Markus Huthöfer, Emanuel Santner, Tatjana Becker, Thomas Stöggl","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0394.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0394.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives: To compare strength parameters and pain ratings across three different positions forisometric hip abduction and adduction strength testing. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two elite European football academies. Participants: Male football players (n=188, mean age 15.5 ± 1.6) from the U14-U19 teams. Methods: Isometric hip abduction and adduction were tested in 3 different positions on the ForceFrame: bent-leg with knees on pads, straight-leg with ankles on pads, and straight-leg with knees on pads. The order was randomised. The outcome measures were maximum isometric hip adduction and abduction strength (Fmax), limb symmetry index (LSI), hip adduction-to-abduction strength ratio and hip/groin pain numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Correlation was moderate to high for Fmax in hip adduction (r = 0.64 to 0.73) and abduction (r = 0.78 to 0.84), but low for LSI and strength ratios (r = 0.06 to 0.48). Pain was reported by 19% and 13% of players during adduction and abduction respectively, with the majority (11% and 10%) only reporting pain in one of the three positions. Conclusions: The findings suggest that maximal strength values from the three test positions can be compared (i.e. using a conversion factor). The interchangeability of test positions is otherwise limited, due to inconsistent pain ratings and low correlation for LSI and strength ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Report of Injuries Sustained by Secondary School Baseball Players Categorized by Community-Level of Socioeconomic Status.","authors":"Snyder Valier Ar, Robison Hj, Moreau M, Morris Sn, Huxel Bliven Kc, Nelson Ej","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0305.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0305.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Context: Baseball is a popular sport in the United States, with widespread play among secondary school student-athletes. Baseball-related injuries may vary based on community-level socioeconomic status of schools. Objective: To describe the injuries sustained by secondary school baseball players from schools categorized by community-level socioeconomic status. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Setting: Data (2014/15-2018/19 academic years) were obtained from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network (NATION-SP) Participants: Secondary school baseball athletes. Main Outcome Measures: Frequencies and percentages of injuries, injury rates, and competition/practice injury rate ratios (IRR) were reported by the community-level socioeconomic status (ie, affluent, average wealth, disadvantaged) where each school is located. Results: NATION-SP captured 320 baseball injuries across 140,619 total athlete exposures (AEs), for an overall injury rate of 2.4/1,000 AEs. Of those, 52% occurred among athletes in 24 schools situated in affluent communities, 15.6% occurred in 12 schools from average wealth communities, and 32.5% occurred in 12 schools located in disadvantaged communities. The largest injury rate was schools located in disadvantaged communities (3.3/1000 AE), followed by affluent (2.3/1000 AE) and average wealth (1.4/1000 AE) communities. On average, schools from affluent and disadvantaged communities had higher injury rates during competition than during practice (affluent: IRR=1.5, 95% CI=1.11, 2.05; disadvantaged: IRR=1.6, 95% CI=1.12, 2.41). Frequencies of many injury characteristics were consistent in schools across community-level socioeconomic status with contact, sprain/strain, and non-timeloss ranking highest in terms of injury mechanism, diagnosis, and time loss, respectively. Shoulder/clavicle was most frequent body part injured in schools in average and disadvantaged wealth communities, and ankle was most frequent in schools in affluent communities. Conclusions: Baseball athletes playing in schools located in disadvantaged wealth communities had the largest overall injury rate, followed by schools in affluent, and average wealth communities. Across most injury characteristics, a consistent trend emerged regardless of community-level disadvantage, with the highest baseball injury rates resulting from contact mechanisms, diagnosed as sprains or strains, and classified as non-time- loss injuries. While many injury patterns are consistent across socioeconomic communities, examining injuries through the lens of community-levels of disadvantage provides insight into subtle differences that could information targeted prevention strategies or resource needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Gender Norms of Eating Behavior and Body Checking in NCAA Student- Athletes.","authors":"Stephen M Cirella, Mark E Hartman, Kathleen S Webster, Lisa L Harlow","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0673.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0673.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Context Lean sports, endurance running, have been at the forefront of disordered eating and body image research, particularly in female populations. Yet, little is known about how athletic men and women differ in body checking behaviors, a known risk factor for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, across sport type and athletic status. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences on measures of eating behavior and body checking between full-time collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting NCAA DI collegiate athletics. Participants Two-hundred fifty-nine full-time college students (n = 174 student-athletes, 85 nonathletes) Main Outcome Measures Primary outcomes included self-reported disordered eating behavior and body checking behavior through the EAT-26 and the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and the Male BCQ (MBCQ). We explored differences based on sport type, team, individual, or nonathlete, and gender identity. Results There was a statistically significant multivariate main effect of gender F(10, 464) = 9.219, p<0.001, 𝜂 2 = 0.166, and a significant multivariate interaction of gender and sport type F(15, 699) = 2.806, p=0.001, 𝜂 2 = 0.057. Follow-up comparisons for team sport athletes showed that women scored significantly higher (p<0.001) on the MBCQ compared to men. Women team sport athletes also scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than women nonathletes (p < 0.001). Conversely, nonathlete men scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than men team and individual sport athletes (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions Findings suggest that body checking behaviors traditionally studied as masculine occur more frequently in women than men. This effect seems to be driven by women team sport athletes, who reported engaging in more body checking behaviors on the MBCQ than nonathletes. Therefore, assessments based on traditional views of maleness and femaleness may overlook significant risk factors for eating disorders (ED) in college athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplying Alpha: When Statistical Tests Compound in Sports Medicine Research.","authors":"Travis Anderson, Eric G Post","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0700.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0700.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific inquiry aims to minimize bias and ensure accurate conclusions. A critical yet often overlooked issue in sports medicine and exercise science research is the family-wise error rate (FWER) and experimental-wise error rate (EWER), which increase with multiple statisticalinferences, inflating the risk of Type I errors. While FWER corrections are standard in post-hoc ANOVA tests, they are inconsistently applied in broader research contexts. Using an example from our research team of over 67 million regression models, we illustrate how failing to correct for FWER can create spurious findings. Approximately 3 million (4.4%) models werestatistically significant (p<0.05), aligning with the expected false-positive rate. This underscores the necessity of solutions such as preregistration, false discovery rate control, and Bayesian approaches. Without proper corrections, erroneous conclusions may mislead clinical decision- making and potentially harm patients, highlighting the importance of rigorous statistical methods in evidence-based sports medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of KJOC Scores in College Athletes With and Without Arm Trouble Across Overhead Sports.","authors":"Tomonobu Ishigaki, Reina Kimura, Takanori Kikumoto, Yuiko Matsuura, Keisuke Ushiro, Yuki Ebihara, Shigeharu Tanaka, Tadashi Wada, Hirofumi Jigami, Yoshiya Takahashi, Hisashi Matsumoto, Yu Ito, Shiro Kobayashi, Hirotake Yokota, Mutsuaki Edama","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0028.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0028.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Context: Shoulder and elbow problems are common among athletes in overhead sports, making 7 it essential to understand the characteristics of active athletes with arm trouble to improve and prevent upper extremity disorders. The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Score is widely used to evaluate upper extremity functionality in this population. Objective: (1) To compare the KJOC score between athletes with and without arm trouble in various overhead sports; and (2) to clarify the relationship between subjective competitive levels and functional characteristics using correlation analysis of the KJOC score questions. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: College athletes from baseball, basketball, swimming, tennis, and track and field 15 throwing teams completed the KJOC score questionnaire. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their responses regarding current functional status: (1) playing without arm trouble (asymptomatic group) and (2) playing with arm trouble (symptomatic group). Participants: 401 college athletes from overhead sports. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the overall KJOC scores and the scores of individual questions between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Spearman's rank correlation analysis determined the relationships between Q10 (subjective competitive level) and Q1-9 (upper extremity functionality). Results: The symptomatic group had significantly lower KJOC scores than the asymptomatic group across all sports (P < 0.001). Several individual question scores also differed significantly between groups, although the specific questions varied by sport. Correlation analysis revealed the association between Q10 and other functional scores with sport-specific variations. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that impaired upper extremity function and its relationship to competition levels in athletes with arm trouble vary across different sports disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return on investment of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs in the United States.","authors":"Collin Peterson, Tao Li, Marc Norcross","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0507.24","DOIUrl":"10.4085/1062-6050-0507.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears represent a significant health and economic burden in high school athletes. Despite evidence showing lower extremity injury prevention programs (IPPs) are effective at preventing ACL injury, IPPs lack widespread adoption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Compare the cost-benefit of implementation of an injury prevention program versus standard warm-up in a national high school soccer population using a health system perspective.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cost Benefit Analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Simulation of nationwide implementation of an IPP for United States high school soccer players.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Data for high school soccer players from the 2018-2019 season.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Return on investment was calculated using the cost of ACL treatment prevented with IPP use and the cost of IPP implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IPP implementation was the preferred strategy with a return on investment of $7.51 saved in ACL treatment costs prevented for every dollar spent on IPP implementation in our full model. When separating analysis by insurance type, private payors continued to show profitability while public payors failed to break even. The total net monetary benefit was over $60 million when simulating national-level IPP implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IPP implementation has the potential to generate significant medical cost savings in short-term ACL treatment costs, especially for private payors, when implemented in a national high school soccer population. The expected cost-benefit of IPPs should encourage broader implementation efforts and the inclusion of economically relevant stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Athletic Trainers Following the Death of a Student-Athlete by Suicide, Part 2: Institutional and Personal Response.","authors":"Maegan M Milliet, Elizabeth R Neil, Toni M Torres-McGehee, Ginger Gilmore, Kenya Moore, Zachary K Winkelmann","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-0283.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0283.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The NCAA's 2016 and 2024 Mental Health Best Practice documents outline essential guidelines for athletic programs, including mental health recognition, referral pathways, and critical incident management. Despite these recommendations, there remains a significant gap in literature and practice regarding the response to and management of suicide bereavement among athletic trainers (ATs), highlighting the need for further exploration of their experiences and institutional responses following a student-athlete's death by suicide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the lived experiences of collegiate ATs following the death of a student-athlete by suicide.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Individual interview.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>12 ATs (age=37±7 years; credentialed experience=14±7 years) who were providing patient care to a student-athlete who died by suicide.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Each AT completed a semi-structured, audio-only interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis followed the consensual qualitative research tradition using a 3-person coding team. Credibility and trustworthiness were established through member checking, triangulation, and internal auditing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants revealed several experiences and reactions following the death of a student-athlete by suicide that focused on their institutional reaction, their emotional reaction and coping mechanisms, and shared advice for other ATs moving forward. Following the student-athlete death by suicide, ATs shared their institutional reaction, which included a collaborative approach with resources and changes to policy, procedures, and their overall system. They also shared their emotional reaction and coping mechanisms following the death, which included a grief response influenced by guilt, concern for other student-athletes, and the use, and lack of use, of support systems and formal therapy. Finally, they provided shared advice concerning death by suicide that included taking care of oneself and taking mental health seriously.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following the death, most participants expressed grief and concern for others but often did not recognize themselves as needing help. Institutional policy and provider postvention strategies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":54875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Athletic Training","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}