Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health最新文献

{"title":"Changes in food habits during the transition to retirement: the Whitehall II cohort study.","authors":"Hanna Lagström, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Chirsna Ravyse, Tasnime Akbaraly, Mika Kivimaki, Jaana Pentti, Sari Stenholm, Jenny Head","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222690","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transition to retirement is a significant turning point in life, which may lead to changes in food habits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine changes in red meat, fish, vegetables and fruit consumption during the retirement transition and whether these changes vary between sociodemographic groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were from the Whitehall II study, a cohort of 10 308 British civil servants aged 35-55 years at study induction (1985-1988). Data collection has taken place every 2-3 years. Food consumption (n=2484-2491) was assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire in the periods before (max. 16 years) and after retirement (max. 16 years). Changes in preretirement and postretirement consumption were compared in the total cohort and subgroups by sex, marital status, preretirement occupation status and financial hardship using linear regression analyses with generalised estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weekly red meat consumption was stable before retirement but increased after retirement (p=0.02), especially among women, single and lower occupational status participants. Fish consumption increased during the follow-up and the increase was steeper before retirement than postretirement period (p=0.02). Vegetable and fruit consumption also increased during the entire follow-up, but more strongly during preretirement than postretirement period (p<0.001 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The transition to retirement is accompanied by favourable (increase in fruit, vegetable and fish) and unfavourable (increase in red meat) dietary changes, varied to some extent by sex, marital status and preretirement occupational status. Our findings suggest that attention should be paid to this transitional phase to promote eating habits in accordance with the recommendations for retirement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational inequalities in deaths of despair in 14 OECD countries: a cross-sectional observational study.","authors":"Christopher Lübker, Fabrice Murtin","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222089","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deaths of despair are a key contributor to stagnating life expectancy in the USA, especially among those without a university-level education, but these findings have not been compared internationally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mortality and person-year population exposure data were collected in 14 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries and stratified by age, sex, educational attainment and cause of death. The sample included 1.4 billion person-year observations from persons aged ≥25 years between 2013 and 2019. Country-specific and sex-specific contributions of deaths of despair to: (a) the life expectancy gap at age 25 and (b) rate differences in age-standardised mortality rates between high and low educational attainment groups were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eliminating deaths of despair could reduce the life expectancy gap in the USA by 1.1 years for men and 0.6 years for women was second only to Korea, where it would reduce the gap by 3.4 years for men and 2.2 years for women. In Italy, Spain and Türkiye, eliminating deaths of despair would improve life expectancy gains by less than 0.1 years for women and 0.3 years for men, closing the educational gap by <1%. Findings were robust to controls for differences in population structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deaths of despair are a major determinant of educational inequalities in longevity in Korea and the USA, while having limited impact in Southern European countries, indicating substantial international variation and scope for improvement in high burden high-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality in mortality and its impact on life expectancy levels and trends across Europe.","authors":"Isabella Marinetti, Dmitri A Jdanov, Domantas Jasilionis, Marília Nepomuceno, Nazrul Islam, Fanny Janssen","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-223050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-223050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seasonal fluctuations in mortality affect annual life expectancy at birth (e₀). Nevertheless, evidence on the impact of seasonal mortality on longevity is very limited and mainly restricted to assessing season-specific mortality levels due to shocks (e.g., heatwaves and influenza epidemics). We investigated the influence of seasonality in mortality on life expectancy levels and temporal trends across 20 European countries during 2000-2019.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>We used harmonised weekly population-level mortality data from the Human Mortality Database. Seasonal contributions to life expectancy at birth and age 65, by sex, were estimated using the excess mortality approach and decomposition analysis. Time-series analysis was used to evaluate the impact on long-term mortality trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seasonal mortality had a substantial but stable impact on e₀ between 2000 and 2019. On average, we found an annual reduction in life expectancy due to seasonal excess mortality of 1.14 years for males and 0.80 years for females. Deaths in the elderly population (65+) were the main driver of this impact: around 70% and 90% of these reductions in life expectancy were attributable to older ages. Excess mortality in winter had the strongest impact on annual life expectancy, especially in Portugal and Bulgaria (around 0.8-year loss on e₀).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed significant cross-country variations in contributions of seasonal mortality. The most pronounced effects were observed in winter months and at older ages. These findings underscore the need for timely and targeted public health interventions to mitigate excess seasonal mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic position, alcohol use and alcohol-attributable emergency department visits.","authors":"Brendan T Smith, Claire Benny, Alessandra T Andreacchi, Naomi Schwartz, Christine M Warren, Samantha Forbes, Erin Hobin","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222476","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differential vulnerability to alcohol contributes to socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable harm. This study aimed to estimate the sex-/gender-specific joint effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) and heavy episodic drinking or volume of alcohol use on 100% alcohol-attributable emergency department (ED) visits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cohort study among 36 900 men and 39 700 women current and former alcohol consumers aged 15-64 from population-representative Canadian Community Health Surveys (2003-2008) linked to administrative ED visit data through 2017 in Ontario and Alberta. We estimated sex-/gender-specific associations between SEP (both education and income) and heavy episodic drinking (≥5 standard drinks on one occasion, at least monthly) or volume of alcohol use (standard drinks per week) on incident alcohol-attributable ED visits and assessed additive interactions using the Synergy Index (S).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower levels of education (eg, less than high school vs Bachelor's degree or above: men: adjusted HR (aHR)=3.71, 95% CI 2.47 to 5.58; women: aHR=1.75, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.68) and income (eg, quintile (Q)1 vs Q5, men: aHR=2.07, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.17; women: aHR=1.84, 95% CI 0.91 to 3.71) were associated with increased rates of alcohol-attributable ED visits. Among men and women, superadditive joint effects (ie, greater than the sum of both exposures experienced independently) were observed between low SEP (education and income) and heavy episodic drinking and higher volume of alcohol use on alcohol-attributable ED visits.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our results indicate that individuals with lower SEP experience increased vulnerability to alcohol use and related harms. These findings highlight the urgent need for population-level interventions that reduce both the high burden and socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race disparities in dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood in the USA.","authors":"Alexander Testa, Luis Mijares, Karyn Fu, Dylan Jackson, Carmen Gutierrez, Reed DeAngelis, Kyle Ganson, Jason Nagata, Rahma Mungia","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-223202","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-223202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines the longitudinal patterns of dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood (ages 11-43) and investigates racial and ethnic disparities in these patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from Waves I through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1993-2018; ages 11-43). Semiparametric group-based trajectory model identified distinct dental care use trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate membership in these trajectory groups by race/ethnicity while accounting for covariates, including socioeconomic status, biological sex, nativity and unmet healthcare needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis identified four distinct dental care use trajectories (1): Intermittent decreasing dental care use (37.9%), (2) intermittent increasing dental care use (22.5%), (3) high dental care use (22.5%) and (4) low dental care use (17.0%). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to belong to low dental care use and intermittent decreasing dental care use groups relative to high dental care use. Additionally, non-Hispanic black respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to belong to the Intermittent Increasing Dental Use group. Higher socioeconomic status was inversely associated with low and intermittent use group membership. Males and those with unmet healthcare needs at Wave I were also more likely to belong to trajectories with low and intermittent dental care use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings reveal persistent racial disparities in dental care use from adolescence into adulthood. Further research is needed to understand the individual and structural factors perpetuating racial disparities in dental care use over the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there any sociodemographic factors associated with non-uptake of HPV vaccination of girls in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes? A systematic review.","authors":"Emily Dema, Roeann Osman, Kate Soldan, Nigel Field, Pam Sonnenberg","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222488","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is generally high in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes; however, lower uptake in certain population subgroups could continue pre-immunisation inequalities in cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six electronic databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1 September 2006 and 20 February 2023, which were representative of the general population, with individual-level data on routine school-based vaccination (with >50% coverage) and sociodemographic measures. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were screened for eligibility criteria and assessed for bias. A second independent reviewer randomly screened 20% of articles at each stage. A narrative synthesis summarised findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24 studies based in eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK) were included. Studies reported vaccination uptake by individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES), parental education, religion, ethnicity and/or country of birth. 19 studies reported that more than 70% were vaccinated (range: 50.7%-93.0%). Minority ethnic groups and migrants were more likely to have lower vaccination uptake than White groups and non-migrants (11/11 studies). Lower SES was also associated with lower uptake of vaccination (11/17 studies). Associations with other sociodemographic characteristics, such as parental education and religion, were less clear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even in high-income countries with high coverage school-based vaccination programmes, inequalities are seen. The totality of available evidence suggests girls from lower SES and minority ethnic groups tend to be less likely to be vaccinated. Findings could inform targeted approaches to mop-up vaccination and cervical cancer screening amidst changing HPV epidemiology in a vaccine era.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>CRD42023399648.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between extreme weather events and child undernutrition: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, 2010-2019.","authors":"Kenneth Petscavage, Martin Kavao Mutua, Abram Luther Wagner, Emily Treleaven","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-222748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extreme weather events, or natural disasters, present a large and increasing threat to human health, infrastructure and food security, including in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the burden of undernutrition is high. However, research about associations between natural disasters and undernutrition in early childhood is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined anthropometric data of children aged 0-59 months from 51 Demographic and Health Surveys datasets collected from 2010 to 2019 in 30 countries in SSA with information on natural disaster events (flood, drought, other) from the Emergency Events Database database to determine disaster exposure. The analytic sample included 320 479 children. We used generalised estimating equations to predict stunting, wasting and anaemia by disaster exposure and selected covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost 20% (19.7%) of children under five were exposed to a natural disaster in the preceding year. In adjusted analysis, children exposed to at least one disaster in the preceding year had a relative risk (RR) of wasting 1.17 times higher than unexposed children (95% CI 1.12, 1.22). Adjusted models examining exposure to drought or flood consistently estimated higher risks of wasting post-disaster (drought RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26, 1.47; flood RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.12). RRs increased when using a 3-month exposure period. However, exposure to natural disaster was not consistently associated with significant differences in RR of stunting or anaemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Natural disasters are prevalent in SSA. Given the high risk of wasting associated with disaster exposure, policymakers should prioritise interventions to address wasting in post-disaster settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between adolescent psychiatric disorders and adulthood payment problems: a Norwegian register study of complete birth cohorts of 1995-1997.","authors":"Aapo Hiilamo, Maria Reinholdt Jensen, Åsmund Hermansen","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222915","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychiatric disorder diagnoses are linked to long-term socioeconomic 'shadows' into adulthood, but little is known about how these diagnoses are associated with adulthood payment problems in Norway and whether these associations are moderated by parental and area characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combine Norwegian registry data with payment problem records from the public debt enforcement agency for the 1995-1997 birth cohorts (n=173 750). We ascertain behavioural, neurotic, mood and substance use disorder diagnoses from specialised care at ages 13-17. Payment problems are defined as any records of mandatory deductions in wages or benefits up to age 23. Causal forests are used to explore the potential moderating role of sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some 6% of the sample have payment problems, but the share is higher among men and among people with low childhood socioeconomic status. After adjusting for background characteristics, behavioural problem diagnoses are linked to a 4.6 percentage point higher risk of payment problems (95% CI 4.1 to 5), mood disorder diagnoses to a 2.2 percentage point higher risk (95% CI 1.5 to 2.9), neurotic disorder diagnoses to a 2.5 percentage point higher risk (95% CI 2 to 3.1) and substance use disorder diagnoses to a 9.3 percentage point higher risk (95% CI 7.6 to 10.9). The associations between substance use and behavioural diagnoses and payment problems are stronger for people with low childhood socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The associations between adolescent substance and behavioural diagnoses and adulthood payment problems are particularly strong among people with low childhood socioeconomic status. Reducing these associations is critical for preventing the accumulation of disadvantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sex work occupational stigma and inconsistent condom use: findings from a community-based cohort of women sex workers in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2022).","authors":"Kirstin Kielhold, Kate Shannon, Andrea Krüsi, Esteban Valencia, Jennie Pearson, Shira M Goldenberg","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-221989","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-221989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women sex workers face substantial health inequities due to structural barriers including criminalisation and stigma. Stigma has been associated with HIV-related inequities among marginalised populations, however, we know less about the impacts of sex work-specific occupational stigma on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among women sex workers. Given these research gaps and the disproportionate burden of stigma faced by sex workers, we evaluated the association between sex work occupational stigma and recent inconsistent condom use with clients, over an 8-year period (2014-2022).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline and semiannual questionnaire data from a prospective, community-based cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada from September 2014 to February 2022 were used. We employed complete-case bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis using generalised estimating equations to analyse the relationship between sex work occupational stigma and inconsistent condom use for vaginal/anal sex with clients in the past 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 574 participants, the cumulative prevalence of inconsistent condom use by clients and sex work occupational stigma in the last 6 months was 32.1% (n=184) and 59.9% (n=344), respectively, over the 8-year period. In adjusted multivariable analysis, exposure to sex work occupational stigma was associated with almost twofold increased odds of recent inconsistent condom use with clients (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.03) over the 8-year period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multilevel interventions addressing the role of occupational stigma are needed for HIV and STI prevention efforts, including scale-up of sex worker-led/delivered sexual health services and structural changes to decriminalise and destigmatise sex work.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redlining in New York City: impacts on particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes.","authors":"Teresa Herrera, Eunsil Seok, Whitney Cowell, Eric Brown, Sheryl Magzamen, Ako Adams Ako, Rosalind J Wright, Leonardo Trasande, Robin Ortiz, Annemarie Stroustrup, Akhgar Ghassabian","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222134","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence suggests historical redlining shaped the built environment and health outcomes in urban areas. Only a handful of studies have examined redlining's association with air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in New York City (NYC). Additionally, no NYC-specific studies have examined the impact of redlining on birth weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study analysed data from the National Institute of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Programme to investigate the extent to which maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood is associated with fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure during pregnancy using multivariable regression models. Additionally, we examined how maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood during pregnancy influenced birth weight z-score, preterm birth and low birth weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our air pollution model showed that living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with increased PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy. We also found living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with a lower birth weight z-score. This finding remained significant when controlling for individual and census tract-level race, ethnicity and income. When we controlled PM_2.5 in our models assessing the relationship between redlining grade and birth outcome, our results did not change.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study supports the literature linking redlining to contemporary outcomes. However, our research in ungraded tracts suggests redlining alone is insufficient to fully explain inequality in birth outcomes and PM_2.5 levels today.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}