Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health最新文献

{"title":"Beyond Korea: comparative perspectives on pension expansion and suicide prevention in ageing societies.","authors":"Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon, Chutharat Thanchonnang, Natnapa H H Padchasuwan, Schawanya K Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-225226","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-225226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the risk of post-COVID condition in deprived communities, migrants and ethnic minorities in England: findings from Virus Watch-a prospective community cohort study.","authors":"Wing Lam Erica Fong, Sarah Beale, Vincent Nguyen, Jana Kovar, Alexei Yavlinsky, Andrew C Hayward, Ibrahim Abubakar, Sander Mj van Kuijk, Robert Aldridge","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-223491","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-223491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deprived communities, migrants and ethnic minorities were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and may, therefore, be at a higher risk of post-COVID condition (PCC). This analysis, using data from the Virus Watch study, investigates how deprivation, migration status and ethnic minority status influence PCC risk in both the full cohort (all regardless of infection status) and those with a confirmed COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subset of participants from Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study in England, were included. We used logistic regression to compare the predicted probability of developing PCC in both full and infected cohorts among different deprivation levels, migration and ethnic minority status categories by sex-at-birth during pre-Omicron and Omicron periods, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the pre-Omicron period, PCC probability increased with deprivation levels, especially in females (most deprived: 7.8%, 95% CI 4.6% to 11.0%; least deprived: 3.5%, 2.5%-4.5%). Migrant and ethnic minority males had a higher likelihood of PCC than their respective counterparts, particularly in the full cohort for migrants (6.3%, 1.8%-10.8%) and the previously infected cohort for ethnic minorities (38.8%, 21.2%-56.4%). However, these disparities were less pronounced in females. In the Omicron period, these differential probabilities were also less evident.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that greater PCC probability among these populations is driven by increased infection risk and postinfection determinants. This underscores the need for policies and interventions to reduce infection risk and affordable and easily available healthcare services for those with PCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12911603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal mediation approaches for understanding pathways to inequalities and policy entry points: examples from early years health and development.","authors":"Anna Pearce, Steven Hope, Michael J Green, John W Lynch, Joost Oude Groeniger, Bianca De Stavola, Russell M Viner, Daniela K Schlüter, David Taylor-Robinson","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-224260","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-224260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reduction of health inequalities has been a priority of researchers, decision-makers and practitioners for many years. Advances in causal mediation analysis offer great promise for identifying intervention targets and inferring how policy actions might alter health inequalities. However, these methods are sometimes presented in a manner that is not accessible to the wider community of health researchers. Causal mediation methods also have a range of limitations and assumptions that have implications for their application and the interpretation of results. In this paper, we consider three types of questions that can be used to guide policy actions to reduce health inequalities, addressed using causal mediation methods: (1) which mediating pathways offer most promise for the reduction of health inequalities and should be the focus of further, more indepth analysis? 2) In the face of two competing pathways, which one is most likely to lead to a narrowing of health inequalities? 3) What would be the impact of a hypothetical intervention on one specific mediating pathway when implemented under different scenarios? Focusing on early years' health, we use real life examples of the application of causal mediation methods to address these three types of question. In doing so, we discuss the relative strengths and limitations of these methods and introduce key mediation concepts relevant to health inequalities researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12911584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of knowledge on where people die and potential to do better.","authors":"Silvia Lopes, Elizabeth Namukwaya, Barbara Gomes","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-224358","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-224358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial legacies: a population survey study of mental health disparities across generations in post-coal Wales.","authors":"Gábor Scheiring","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-225316","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-225316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders in causal mediation: implications and visualisation.","authors":"Etsuji Suzuki, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Eiji Yamamoto","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-225576","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-225576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"129-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of parental adverse childhood experiences on children's healthcare utilisation: a systematic review.","authors":"Mark F M Ketelaars, Merel Sprenger, Anouk J M Bos, Anne M de Grauw, Michiel Burger, Mirjam van Veen, Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-224640","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-224640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to poor health and social outcomes, with growing interest in their intergenerational effects. Socioeconomic context strongly shapes both exposure to ACEs and their transmission across generations, yet is often under-represented in research. While many studies have explored how ACEs affect adult health, the impact of parental ACEs on children's healthcare utilisation has not yet been systematically reviewed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed studies examining associations between parental ACEs or related adversity and children's use of preventive, primary or secondary healthcare. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases up to December 2024. Title and abstract screening were conducted using an AI-assisted screening tool called Active Learning for Systematic Reviews. Study quality was assessed across design, participant selection, measurement and analysis. Findings were synthesised narratively and visualised with harvest plots, grouped by healthcare level and exposure type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 8494 records, 15 studies were included. Designs, populations, ACE measures and outcome definitions were heterogeneous. No consistent associations were found in preventive or primary care domains. In secondary care, 11 of 12 analyses found a positive or no association; four high-quality studies showed increased use of emergency, inpatient or psychiatric services among children of parents with ACEs. Methodological variability limited comparability between studies, particularly in ACE definitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental ACEs may contribute to increased use of secondary healthcare in offspring, though evidence across care levels remains inconclusive. Future studies should aim for more consistent measurement of ACEs and standardised outcome definitions to clarify intergenerational effects on healthcare utilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12911568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>JECH</i>: Methodological recommendations.","authors":"S Vittal Katikireddi, Anna Pearce","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-225647","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-225647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"67-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of the association between life-course socioeconomic status and late-life cognitive decline.","authors":"Eleanor I Williams, Isla Kuhn, Carol E Brayne, Sebastian Walsh","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-223864","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-223864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Socioeconomic status (SES) is a potentially important upstream determinant of late-life cognitive health, but a review which captures the dynamic influence of SES across the life-course is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting associations between life-course SES and dementia/late-life cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On 21 February 2024, we searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, British Education Index, Web of Science, Scopus and Advanced Google for studies related to life-course SES and dementia. We included studies employing trajectory or mediation analysis that measured dementia/cognitive decline as outcomes. Two researchers independently screened articles and assessed risk of bias. Results were synthesised narratively and in Harvest plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 18 out of 6040 studies screened (n=7 trajectory studies, n=8 mediation studies, n=3 both). Most (13/23) trajectory analyses reported that stable low SES and downward social mobility, relative to stable high SES/upward mobility, were linked to higher dementia and/or cognitive decline risk. Half (5/10) of the mediation analyses reported full mediation of adulthood SES on the association between childhood SES and dementia/cognitive decline, and 4/10 reported partial mediation. Overall, study quality was moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SES has a dynamic life-course association with dementia risk. Increases in dementia risk are compounded by sustained life-course disadvantage. Policies to address socioeconomic disadvantage across the life-course are needed to address this upstream determinant of dementia.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024505975.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12911656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State minimum wage laws and state-level rates of new HIV diagnoses among Black, Latine, and White US women and men, 2010-2019.","authors":"Dougie Zubizarreta, Jarvis T Chen, Ariel L Beccia, S Bryn Austin, Zinzi Bailey, Scott Burris, Lindsay Cloud, Madina Agénor","doi":"10.1136/jech-2025-224120","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2025-224120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the USA, HIV remains a pressing public health challenge (~37 400 new diagnoses in 2018) and pronounced racialised inequities persist. In 2018, Black and Latine people represented 43% and 26% of new diagnoses but only 13% and 18% of the population, respectively. Antiracist laws may help mitigate these inequities, yet research investigating specific laws is lacking. This study aimed to examine associations between state minimum wage laws and new HIV diagnosis rates by racialised group and sex/gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We linked data on inflation-adjusted state minimum wage and state-level new HIV diagnosis rates among US adults aged 13-59 years. We fit two-way fixed-effects models to examine associations between changes in minimum wage and changes in new HIV diagnosis rates per 100 000 people from 2010 to 2019 by racialised group (Black/Latine/White) and sex/gender (women/men). Additional analyses tested for effect heterogeneity by racialised group and by sex/gender within racialised group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings show an inverse association between state minimum wage and new HIV diagnosis rates across all racialised and sex/gender groups, except White women. Among Black adults, a 1 US Dollar ($) increase in state minimum wage was associated with a 5.81 per 100 000 decrease in new HIV diagnosis rate, followed by Latine (2.81/100 000) and White adults (1.50/100 000). The inverse association was larger among Latine (4.73/100 000) and White men (2.88/100 000) than Latine (0.98/100 000) and White women (0.07/100 000), respectively. There was no evidence of effect heterogeneity comparing Black men to Black women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>State minimum wage laws may represent a critical policy intervention to address racialised HIV inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}