Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health最新文献

{"title":"Association between sex work occupational stigma and inconsistent condom use: findings from a community-based cohort of women sex workers in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2022).","authors":"Kirstin Kielhold, Kate Shannon, Andrea Krüsi, Esteban Valencia, Jennie Pearson, Shira M Goldenberg","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-221989","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-221989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women sex workers face substantial health inequities due to structural barriers including criminalisation and stigma. Stigma has been associated with HIV-related inequities among marginalised populations, however, we know less about the impacts of sex work-specific occupational stigma on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among women sex workers. Given these research gaps and the disproportionate burden of stigma faced by sex workers, we evaluated the association between sex work occupational stigma and recent inconsistent condom use with clients, over an 8-year period (2014-2022).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline and semiannual questionnaire data from a prospective, community-based cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada from September 2014 to February 2022 were used. We employed complete-case bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis using generalised estimating equations to analyse the relationship between sex work occupational stigma and inconsistent condom use for vaginal/anal sex with clients in the past 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 574 participants, the cumulative prevalence of inconsistent condom use by clients and sex work occupational stigma in the last 6 months was 32.1% (n=184) and 59.9% (n=344), respectively, over the 8-year period. In adjusted multivariable analysis, exposure to sex work occupational stigma was associated with almost twofold increased odds of recent inconsistent condom use with clients (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.03) over the 8-year period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multilevel interventions addressing the role of occupational stigma are needed for HIV and STI prevention efforts, including scale-up of sex worker-led/delivered sexual health services and structural changes to decriminalise and destigmatise sex work.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redlining in New York City: impacts on particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes.","authors":"Teresa Herrera, Eunsil Seok, Whitney Cowell, Eric Brown, Sheryl Magzamen, Ako Adams Ako, Rosalind J Wright, Leonardo Trasande, Robin Ortiz, Annemarie Stroustrup, Akhgar Ghassabian","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222134","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence suggests historical redlining shaped the built environment and health outcomes in urban areas. Only a handful of studies have examined redlining's association with air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in New York City (NYC). Additionally, no NYC-specific studies have examined the impact of redlining on birth weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study analysed data from the National Institute of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Programme to investigate the extent to which maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood is associated with fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure during pregnancy using multivariable regression models. Additionally, we examined how maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood during pregnancy influenced birth weight z-score, preterm birth and low birth weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our air pollution model showed that living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with increased PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy. We also found living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with a lower birth weight z-score. This finding remained significant when controlling for individual and census tract-level race, ethnicity and income. When we controlled PM_2.5 in our models assessing the relationship between redlining grade and birth outcome, our results did not change.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study supports the literature linking redlining to contemporary outcomes. However, our research in ungraded tracts suggests redlining alone is insufficient to fully explain inequality in birth outcomes and PM_2.5 levels today.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early family socioeconomic status and asthma-related outcomes in school-aged children: Results from seven birth cohort studies.","authors":"Junwen Yang-Huang, Jennifer J McGrath, Lise Gauvin, Beatrice Nikiéma, Nicholas James Spencer, Yara Abu Awad, Susan Clifford, Wolfgang Markham, Fiona Mensah, Pär Andersson White, Johnny Ludvigsson, Tomas Faresjö, Liesbeth Duijts, Amy van Grieken, Hein Raat","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220726","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2023-220726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the associations between maternal education and household income during early childhood with asthma-related outcomes in children aged 9-12 years in the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, the USA and Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on 31 210 children were obtained from 7 prospective birth cohort studies across six countries. Asthma-related outcomes included ever asthma, wheezing/asthma attacks and medication control for asthma. Relative social inequalities were estimated using pooled risk ratios (RRs) adjusted for potential confounders (child age, sex, mother ethnic background and maternal age) for maternal education and household income. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) was calculated for each cohort to evaluate absolute social inequalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ever asthma prevalence ranged from 8.3% (Netherlands) to 29.1% (Australia). Wheezing/asthma attacks prevalence ranged from 3.9% (Quebec) to 16.8% (USA). Pooled RRs for low (vs high) maternal education and low (vs high) household income were: ever asthma (education 1.24, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.37; income 1.28, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.43), wheezing/asthma attacks (education 1.14, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.35; income 1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.44) and asthma with medication control (education 1.16, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.40; income 1.25, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.55). SIIs supported the lower risk for children with more highly educated mothers and those from higher-income households in most cohorts, with few exceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social inequalities by household income on the risk of ever asthma, wheezing/asthma attacks, and medication control for asthma were evident; the associations were attenuated for maternal education. These findings support the need for prevention policies to address the relatively high risks of respiratory morbidity in children in families with low socioeconomic status.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic-specific characteristics associated with longitudinal response patterns from prebirth to 12 years: evidence from <i>Growing Up in New Zealand</i>.","authors":"Esther S Yao, Denise Neumann, Seini Taufa, Renee Liang, Te Kani Kingi, Fiona Langridge, Sarah-Jane Paine","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222428","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Longitudinal studies can generate valuable scientific knowledge, but can be compromised by systematic attrition. Previous research shows that sociodemographic characteristics (eg, ethnicity, age, educational level, socioeconomic circumstances) are associated with attrition rates. However, little is known about whether these characteristics differ by ethnicity, and how this impacts cohort retention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using antenatal to 12-year data from the <i>Growing Up in New Zealand</i> birth cohort study (N=6743), we examined transversal response rates by ethnicity (Māori, Pacific, Asian, European), used sequence analysis and cluster analysis to identify unique longitudinal response patterns, and binary logistic regression to examine ethnic-specific sociodemographic characteristics associated with these response patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall response rate at 12 years was 71.0%, with ethnic differences in response rates widening over the six data collection waves. Three longitudinal response patterns were identified: frequent responders (65.2%), intermittent non-responders (29.6%) and frequent non-responders (5.2%). Sociodemographic characteristics such as younger maternal age and lower maternal education were associated with a higher likelihood of membership in the non-response clusters across all ethnic groups. However, there were also important nuances by ethnicity. Individual level factors (eg, household material deprivation and maternal general health) tended to be associated with non-response for Europeans, whereas structural level factors (eg, area-level deprivation and racial discrimination) tended to be associated with non-response for Māori, Pacific and Asian peoples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethnic differences in longitudinal response patterns are due to multiple factors of disadvantage, and therefore require targeted retention strategies. Stratifying analyses by ethnicity is important for revealing nuanced insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of early childhood infection on child development and school performance: a population-based study.","authors":"Wen-Qiang He, Hannah Catherine Moore, Jessica E Miller, David P Burgner, Olivia Swann, Samantha J Lain, Natasha Nassar","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222040","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood infection might be associated with adverse child development and neurocognitive outcomes, but the results have been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two population-based record-linkage cohorts of all singleton children born at term in New South Wales, Australia, from 2001 to 2014, were set up and followed up to 2019 for developmental outcome (N=276 454) and school performance (N=644 291). The primary outcome was developmentally high risk (DHR) at age 4-6 years and numeracy and reading below the national minimum standard at age 7-9 years. Cox regression was used to assess the association of childhood infection ascertained from hospital records with each outcome adjusting for maternal, birth and child characteristics, and sensitivity analyses were conducted assessing E-values and sibling analysis for discordant exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher proportion of children with an infection-related hospitalisation were DHR (10.9% vs 8.7%) and had numeracy (3.7% vs 2.7%) and reading results (4.3% vs 3.1%) below the national minimum standard, compared with those without infection-related hospitalisation. In the multivariable analysis, children with infection-related hospitalisation were more likely to be DHR (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.15) and have numeracy (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.26) and reading results (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.20) below the national minimum standard. However, these results may be impacted by unmeasured confounding, based on E-values of 1.48-1.74, and minimal association with education outcome was found in the sibling analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infection-related hospitalisation was modestly associated with adverse child development and school performance, but the association may be explained by shared familial factors, particularly in those with most socioeconomic disadvantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapy use among migrants: a register-based longitudinal study.","authors":"Venla Lehti, Valentina Kieseppä, Mika Gissler, Jaana Suvisaari, Niina Markkula","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222330","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migrants use less mental health services compared with non-migrant populations, but there is very little information on the use of long-term psychotherapy among migrants. Finnish register data allow for studying the whole migrant population in Finland and collecting data on all publicly supported rehabilitative psychotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on a sample of migrants (n=185 605) and Finnish-born controls (n=185 605). Participants who had received reimbursements for rehabilitative psychotherapy during 2007<b>-</b>2020 were identified from a register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Cox regression analysis was used to study the effect of migrant status on the time until the start of therapy. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study the association between migrant status and the number of psychotherapy sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finnish-born participants received psychotherapy more often (n=7258) than migrants (n=1516). The adjusted HR for initiating psychotherapy among migrants compared with Finnish-born individuals was 0.27 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.28). Migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and recently arrived migrants were least likely to receive psychotherapy. Migrants were more likely to receive short treatment periods than Finnish-born controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower use of rehabilitative psychotherapy among migrant population in Finland is not likely to reflect lower need for treatment. More efforts are needed to promote equal access to psychotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of domestic violence against pregnant women living in rural areas: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Gulnura Sulaimanova, Yui Yamaoka, Inis Jane Bardella, Takeo Fujiwara","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220862","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2023-220862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have demonstrated that pregnant women living in rural areas are more likely to experience domestic violence (DV). Systematic reviews on the prevalence and risk factors of DV among pregnant women have been conducted mainly in urban areas. Thus, there has been no determination of the global prevalence of DV among rural pregnant women. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and types of DV among rural pregnant women globally using systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis expanded checklist for 2020 was employed. The Condition-Context-Population framework was used to determine the inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Scopus databases were searched for published articles through January 2023. Pooled prevalence and types of DV in rural pregnant women were assessed using the random effect model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DV against rural pregnant women was prevalent at 33.4% (95% CI 20.8 to 47.9%). Psychological violence was the most common with a prevalence of 34.2%, followed by physical violence (14.1%) and sexual violence (13.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One-third of pregnant women in rural areas are victims of DV. In rural pregnant women, the prevalence of DV is higher than overall global estimates. Policymakers, healthcare professionals and researchers must prioritise assessment and prevention of DV against pregnant women who reside in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Causal links between socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviours and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220311corr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-220311corr1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":"79 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Short-term effect of colorectal cancer on income: analysis of an italian cohort.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jech-2022-220088corr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-220088corr1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":"79 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty index is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: a multicentre cohort study.","authors":"Tatyana Court, Nadezda Capkova, Andrzej Pająk, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Martin Bobák, Hynek Pikhart","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221761","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2023-221761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the association between frailty and mortality in Eastern European populations, which remains largely unexplored compared with Western Europe. The aim is to assess the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with varying levels of frailty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted, involving random population samples from the Czech Republic, Poland and Lithuania. The baseline survey (2002-2005) included 26 746 individuals aged 45-69 years, with an average follow-up of 13 years. Frailty was measured using a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)-based Frailty Index (FI), calculating the number of deficits in each domain. Cox proportional regression models and inverse probability weighting (IPW) were employed to account for risk factor differences among the frailty groups: robust, prefrail, mild, moderate and severe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 14 287 people, among whom 891 were frail, with a total of 2402 deaths.Compared with non-frail persons, those with mild (IPW HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.66) and severe (IPW HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.07) frailty had more than twofold elevated risk of all-cause mortality. For cardiovascular mortality, the corresponding HRs were (IPW HR 3.05, 95% CI 2.14 to 4.35) and (IPW HR 3.88, 95% CI 1.95 to 7.74). Men exhibited a higher mortality risk at all frailty levels only in unweighted analysis. Country-specific differences were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A CGA-based FI is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with even mild frailty increasing the risk. Implementing frailty assessments can improve health risk prediction in older adults from Eastern Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}