Journal of Fluids and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Aquatic locomotion by a flapping tail with passive pitch and tunable stiffness","authors":"Giorgio Graziani ,&nbsp;Damiano Paniccia ,&nbsp;Renzo Piva","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic locomotion by a flapping tail, typical of thunniform fish species, is commonly involving a prescribed heaving motion and a passive pitch resulting from the interaction with the surrounding fluid. A very simple model of a fishlike body can be generated by a flat plate connected via a torsional spring to a virtual body carrying the total integral quantities of mass and resistance. To simulate real fish, a tunable stiffness of the spring is essential to reproduce the swimming behaviour of these species in nature. All the above aspects of the model allow for approximate analytical solutions which are suitable for easily exploring the entire parameter space to search the best performance conditions. In addition, they may be of great help for applications in the framework of control theory. A realistic representation follows, and an interesting solution of the stride length as a function of a non-dimensional frequency is discussed. A favorable effect of the resonance region appears, showing also how the stiffness should be modified in nature, by tuning the muscular tension to maintain optimal locomotion for a given change of frequency. For a biomimetic robot, instead, a proper tool may be implemented to this purpose. The location of the maxima for the relevant output quantities is explained by a novel physical interpretation which has been obtained through a parallel investigation of the same body configuration under an oncoming uniform stream with different velocity values. The analysis identifies the role of fluid damping to shift the location of the maxima for the different quantities considered in the discussion of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical investigation on the interaction of a thunderstorm downburst and an atmospheric boundary layer wind","authors":"J. Žužul ,&nbsp;A. Ricci ,&nbsp;M. Burlando","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Downburst winds rarely occur as an isolated phenomenon. Instead, they are more likely to occur in the presence of background Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) winds. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated this interaction. This study provides new insights into the interaction between ABL flow and downburst winds by analyzing velocity profiles, peak values, and spatiotemporal characteristics using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. ABL and downburst winds previously reproduced in the WindEEE Dome facility are here numerically simulated with three approaches: URANS, SAS and LES. The interaction at the colliding front generates a stagnation region that slows down the Primary Vortex (PV) propagation, while significant levels of ABL entrainment into the downburst are observed. The PV at the along ABL direction is found to cause the strongest radial outflows. At these locations, a short-lived counter-rotating Secondary Vortex (SV) also develops. Although structural models are not included in the simulations, the study emphasizes the importance of accurately resolving the wind field that affects the wind loading on structures during such events. In addition to the limited amount of high-resolution full-scale data available, the present analysis contributes to advancing the knowledge of the complex dynamics of ABL-downburst interaction. The flow fields presented here are valuable as loading input conditions in structural analyses, and particularly useful for assessing fluid-structure interaction response of slender infrastructure like transmission line towers and telecommunication towers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theoretical model for solving wave scattering by multiple submerged horizontal plates and membranes","authors":"S. Zheng ,&nbsp;G. Sun ,&nbsp;H. Liang ,&nbsp;A.G.L. Borthwick ,&nbsp;D.M. Greaves","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a theoretical model for water wave scattering by arrays of submerged horizontal plates and membranes. Based on linear potential flow theory and the Fourier transform, the model overcomes limitations of eigenfunction matching by accommodating arbitrary plate arrangements. The potential jump across the plate is represented using Chebyshev polynomial expansions that inherently capture edge singularities, ensuring rapid convergence. A key theoretical finding proves that swapping the positions of two staggered porous flexible plates leaves the wave transmission coefficient unchanged across all frequencies. For coaxial dual plates, the reflection coefficient exhibits bimodal peaks. Staggered or side-by-side configurations shift these peaks lower and enhance short-wave attenuation. Larger plate spacing amplifies force oscillations on the seaward plate due to wave interference. The model is extended to analyse wave scattering by metastructures with square, circular, trapezoidal, and inverted trapezoidal profiles. The inverted trapezoidal design enhances low-frequency reflection through its extended shallow plates, while its deeper elements reduce short-wave interaction, enabling optimised performance for coastal protection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locomotion of a tank-treading-inspired swimmer in a pipe","authors":"Qiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A computational model has been developed to simulate the dynamics and energetics of a novel locomotion method inside a pipe during straightline swimming. This method relies on shear stress on the solid surface for force generation. Inspired by the tank-treading responses of red blood cells and vesicles in shear flow, this swimmer features a barrel-shaped body with an open-ended chamber surrounded by a wall. The wall is made of a flexible membrane enwraping fluid inside. During operation, the body geometry remains unchanged while the membrane circulates in a tank-treading style, generating a net force through the shear stress exerted by the surrounding fluid on it. The fluid-structure interaction problem is simulated with a model based on the immersed-boundary approach and a finite-difference algorithm to solve the axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations. Systematic simulations have been conducted with various pipe sizes and the Reynolds number ranging from 1 to 200. The results indicate that in comparison with the performance of the swimmer in open flow, the propulsive force it generates is enhanced inside the pipe due to the hydrodynamic interaction with the inner wall of the pipe, whereas the swimming speed is reduced as a result of the increased drag. Nevertheless, since the drag increment is partially compensated by the thrust enhancement, the speed reduction inside the pipe is mitigated. It also causes minimal disturbance to the flow field. Two parameters have been used to characterize the energy efficiency of this system, the propulsive efficiency and the cost of transport. Furthermore, examination of the energy dissipation in the flow suggests that the energy efficiency of the system may be significantly improved by mitigating energy dissipation in the interior flow field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortex-induced vibration dynamics of a splitter beam behind a cylinder in shear-thinning or shear-thickening non-Newtonian fluids","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Shaowei Wang ,&nbsp;Moli Zhao ,&nbsp;Peiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Yegao Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) dynamics of a flexible splitter beam interacting with the laminar wake flow of a circular cylinder in shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids are investigated using a partitioned nonlinear fluid-structure interaction simulation. The flow field is modeled within an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework based on the finite volume method. To capture the beam's large deformations, Reddy's higher-order shear deformation theory is employed in conjunction with von Kármán strain formulations. After validating the present method, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of the following parameters, including beam characteristic length (<em>L</em>/<em>H</em> = 10 and 15), inflow velocity (0.5 m/s ≤ <em>U_r</em> ≤ 3 m/s), power-law index (0.6 ≤ <em>n</em> ≤ 1.4) and time constant (0.2 s ≤ <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> ≤ 4 s) on the VIV characteristics (including limit-cycle oscillation, vortex shedding pattern and viscosity distribution) are discussed. Several distinct deformation regimes of elastic beams are observed: first or second mode-like vibration regimes; standing or traveling wave deflection vibration regimes; the large amplitude traveling wave symmetry vibration regimes; and periodic or quasi-periodic dual-frequency vibration regimes. These different regimes result in variations in the wake vortex modes, specifically the '2S' (two single vortices of opposite sign) and '2P' (two pairs of vortices) modes. Key findings indicate that shear-thinning fluids lowers the onset point of VIV in comparison with Newtonian fluids, while shear-thickening fluids elevates it, suggesting a viscous damping effect. Additionally, shear-thinning fluids amplify vorticity intensity and contract the wake region, while shear-thickening fluids suppress vorticity generation and significantly elongate the wake. Moreover, a higher time constant in shear-thinning fluids amplifies vibrations by enhancing vorticity persistence and energy transfer. In shear-thickening fluids, however, it suppresses VIV by promoting viscosity-dominated damping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of along-/across-wind aeroelastic response coupling in a tall square tower","authors":"Wenshan Shan ,&nbsp;Qingshan Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Shuai Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tall slender structures, including high-rise buildings and towers, exhibit significant sensitivity to wind-induced vibrations owing to their flexibility and minimal intrinsic damping. While extensive studies have focused on across-wind aeroelastic effects, recent findings suggest that coupling between along-wind and across-wind responses could happen under certain conditions. However, this phenomenon remains insufficiently explored. This study examines the coupling of wind-induced responses in two structural principal orientations of a tall square tower with an aspect ratio of 16, utilizing aeroelastic model tests performed in a large-scale boundary layer wind tunnel. The influence of the wind direction, structural damping ratio, and wind velocity on coupled responses is systematically examined. The observations demonstrate that at wind direction <em>θ</em> = 0°, the across-wind response exhibits significant aeroelastic behavior, with a strong correlation but negligible coupling with the along-wind response. Moreover, at oblique wind directions, pronounced coupling effects of displacements in X and Y orientations emerge, particularly around the vortex shedding frequency, as confirmed by coherence function analysis. These findings provide valuable perspectives into the aeroelastic behavior of slender structures subjected to varying wind conditions and highlight the necessity of considering multi-directional coupling effects in wind-resistant design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic radiation analysis of bottom-mounted cylinder arrays in two-layer fluids","authors":"Zhen Xue ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Fajun Yu ,&nbsp;Shaoyu Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study advances radiation hydrodynamics for cylindrical arrays in two-layer fluids, addressing critical challenges inherent to density-stratified systems. While existing methodologies effectively characterize wave interactions in uniform-density environments, the coupled surface-interface boundary conditions in stratified flows introduce three fundamental complexities: modal coupling between surface and internal waves governed by density (<span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) and depth (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) ratios, non-negligible evanescent modes in radiation processes, and nonlinear parametric dependencies of radiation forces on stratification parameters and geometric factors such as radius-to-depth ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>) and spatial arrangement. To resolve these challenges, a generalized hydrodynamic model is developed by integrating a modified stratified eigenfunction method with a multi-cylinder interference theory. This framework enables systematic quantification of hydrodynamic coefficients under both global and relative radiation motions, revealing the influence of geometric configurations, stratification parameters, and motion modalities. Parametric studies demonstrate the critical regulatory role of density ratio and interface elevation on radiation, particularly under internal wave dominance, while identifying phase-dependent amplification or attenuation effects of complex motion modes on added mass and damping coefficients in two-layer systems. Validated against classical homogeneous-fluid and stratified single-cylinder solutions, the model provides design insights for mitigating hydrodynamic loads in stratified marine environments. The work establishes a unified framework for predicting multi-body interactions in density-stratified flows, connecting homogeneous fluid theory with practical maritime engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics of flow-induced pitching of an inverted foil undergoing cross-flow","authors":"Kai Qi,&nbsp;Md. Mahbub Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the fundamental mechanics of flow-induced pitching of an inverted foil undergoing cross-flow for reduced velocity <em>U_r</em> = 25 − 47 and damping ratio <em>ζ</em> = 0 − 0.325. The Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>), based on the foil chord length, is fixed at <em>Re</em> = 900. The foil oscillation amplitude, pitching frequency, hydrodynamic stiffness, hydrodynamic damping, and energy harvesting efficiency are presented and analyzed. The inverted foil system exhibits three distinct response modes: stationary, deflected pitching, and symmetric pitching. Symmetric pitching, occurring for a range of <em>U_r</em> centered around <em>U_r</em> = 37, involves a large amplitude oscillation about the equilibrium position of the foil. The hydrodynamic stiffness plays a crucial role in determining the three response modes and the pitching frequency. While hydrodynamic damping is negative during the forward stroke and positive during the return stroke, the hydrodynamic stiffness remains negative during both strokes, making the pitching frequency consistently lower than the natural frequency. The timing between forward and return strokes varies with <em>U_r</em> and <em>ζ</em>. The forward stroke is shorter than the return stroke for small <em>ζ</em> values while the pattern reverses for larger <em>ζ</em> values. Equal timing between the two strokes occurs at intermediate <em>ζ</em> values. The symmetric pitching in both space and time domains makes the efficiency as high as 16 % at <em>U_r</em> = 37 and <em>ζ</em> = 0.130. A deep understanding of the underlying mechanism of flow-induced vibration provides guidance for improving the energy efficiency of fully passive flapping-foil generators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical model for early-stage mooring design in floating wind turbines","authors":"Pierpaolo Loprieno ,&nbsp;Fabio Rizzo ,&nbsp;Elisa Leone ,&nbsp;Dora Foti ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio ,&nbsp;Agostino Lauria","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of mooring systems for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines presents significant engineering challenges, particularly in managing structural dynamics and fluid-structure interactions. While analytical models are less developed in this sector compared to experimental and numerical approaches, they offer key advantages in streamlining early-stage design by reducing time, costs, and errors. This study proposes a novel Linearized Single Degree of Freedom analytical model to efficiently predict the dynamic response of spar-type Floating Offshore Wind Turbines under hydrodynamic loads. While Morison-based and linear mooring formulations are well established, in this work a closed-form solution is derived to accurately estimate translational displacements and mooring tensions. Implemented in MATLAB R2022a, the proposed model was validated against wave-tank experiments and subsequently compared with OpenFOAM and OpenFAST simulations to evaluate its accuracy levels. Despite its reduced formulation, the model accurately captures stiffness, damping, and hydrodynamic forces. Frequency- and time-domain analysis show strong agreement with experimental data, confirming its reliability in predicting platform displacements and mooring line tensions. It has also been demonstrated that the analytical model is able to yield precise results regarding both maximum and minimum values of these parameters, while effectively capturing their relationships. The model, with significantly lower computational demands than numerical simulations and comparable accuracy, serves as a valuable tool for early-stage design and optimization. While the proposed model is restricted to spar-type floating platforms under regular wave conditions, future work will aim to incorporate aerodynamic loads, irregular waves, and alternative platform configurations, without compromising computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulence-induced vibration of coaxial cylinders with impinging inlets","authors":"Maud Kocher ,&nbsp;Pierre Moussou ,&nbsp;Aurélien Joly ,&nbsp;Sofiane Benhamadouche ,&nbsp;Vincent Stobiac ,&nbsp;Romain Lagrange ,&nbsp;Domenico Panunzio ,&nbsp;Philippe Piteau","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure vessels submitted to turbulent flows are prone to fluid-structure interactions and vibrations. The design of a nuclear power plant comes along with the prediction of the large scale vibration pattern generated by turbulent flows exerted upon large areas of the core barrel containing the fuel assemblies.</div><div>The present paper focuses on turbulent forcing in annular gaps with impinging inlets, in view of assessing the relevance of traditional models of reactor vessel studies and of improving future calculations. An analytical reference case is designed to test the pressure field homogeneity hypothesis of the literature models. Pressure fluctuations associated to the turbulent flow are measured in an experimental mock-up and calculated in CFD simulations, at a gap Reynolds number of 10⁵. The global flow pattern in the annular gap is first provided. The Power Spectrum Density of the pressure field and its convection and coherence parameters are obtained both experimentally and numerically. A fair agreement is found between the measurements and the simulations, and the flow pattern appears inhomogenous in large proportions, contrary to the traditional representation. Furthermore, the first mode of vibration of the inner cylinder is measured under turbulent forcing, and compared to the predictions of the simplified model and of CFD calculations: a fair agreement is observed. Finally, the literature model is revisited in the light of these findings, and some potential improvements are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}