Scattering of obliquely incident waves by a half-submerged horizontal cylinder in a two-layer fluid

Abstract

This study investigates wave energy scattering by a half-immersed horizontal cylinder in a two-layer fluid with distinct densities related to offshore renewable energy projects. Linear water wave theory and multipole expansions have been used to derive analytical expressions for wave reflection and transmission coefficients corresponding to incident waves of the two wavenumbers. Graphical representations of the numerical results highlight the oscillatory behaviour with the effect of the incident wave angle and the height of the upper fluid layer on the wave energy distribution, demonstrating the importance of considering density differences in wave–structure interaction studies. This research is essential for enhancing wave energy converters’ efficiency and structural integrity in multilayered fluids, particularly for emerging projects in Indian waters.