{"title":"Fluid-structure interaction analysis for yaw stability and propulsion of the biomimetic fish considering recoil motion","authors":"Minghao Zhou , Ming Luo , Zhigang Wu , Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body and caudal fin propulsion is the primary mode of swimming for most fish species. Although the associated hydrodynamics have garnered increasing attention in recent years, previous studies have considered the fish body to be fixed or part of the travelling wave motion, neglecting the effect of passive recoil motion. In this paper, an efficient fluid-structure interaction analysis method is employed to investigate a three-dimensional flying fish model featuring a rigid head, prescribed-motion tail, and flexible caudal fin. A strongly coupled analysis framework, integrating flexible multi-body dynamics and the vortex particle method, is utilized. By permitting free yaw rotation of the fish body, this study investigates the impact of multiple kinematic parameters and caudal fin flexibility on the yaw stability and propulsion performance when incorporating recoil motion into the simulations. The results indicate that although increasing either the frequency or amplitude of the oscillation enhances the thrust force, a rise in frequency notably improves stability, whereas an increase in amplitude reduces it. Moreover, the moderately flexible caudal fin effectively mitigates recoil motion and enhances propulsion performance, but reduces yaw stability during extended cruising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wave-current-floating body interactions: Experiments and modelling","authors":"Masoud Hayatdavoodi , Shuijin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction of combined waves and current with floating bodies is studied by conducting laboratory experiments and by developing theoretical models. The laboratory experiments are conducted in a wave-current tank using two floating cylinders with circular and square waterplane areas. Both freely floating and moored conditions are considered. Two theoretical models are developed to study wave-body and wave-current-body interactions: one based on the computational fluid dynamics and the other following the linear wave-current diffraction theory using the Green function method. Results from these models are compared with laboratory measurements for a range of wave and wave-current conditions. The study analyses the effect of ambient current on the wave-induced motions of floating bodies and evaluates how well the models capture the wave-current-body interactions. Additionally, the effect of the square cylinder’s sharp edges on wave-current-body interactions is analysed in comparison to the circular cylinder, along with the models’ capability to capture these effects. It is observed that the presence of the current not only causes significant drift of the freely floating cylinders, but also affects their surge and pitch oscillations, while having no notable effect on heave motion. For the conditions considered, the linear theory based on the Green function method provides overall good predictions of the floating bodies’ responses at a significantly lower computational cost compared to the computational fluid dynamics model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elias Farah , Abdellatif Ouahsine , Patrick G. Verdin , Badr Kaoui
{"title":"Stable fluid-rigid body interaction algorithm using the direct-forcing immersed boundary method (DF-IBM)","authors":"Elias Farah , Abdellatif Ouahsine , Patrick G. Verdin , Badr Kaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct-forcing immersed boundary method (DF-IBM) algorithm previously developed by the authors is extended by coupling the Navier-Stokes equations with the Newton-Euler equations for rigid body dynamics within the DF-IBM framework. This coupling broadens the applicability of the previous development, from stationary or prescribed motion to flow-induced (free) motion cases. To address fluid-rigid body interactions under a partitioned approach, an implicit coupling algorithm is developed to handle strongly coupled interface conditions. Stability and convergence issues, particularly stemming from critical solid-fluid density ratios and from the rigid body approximation of internal mass effects in rotational dynamics, are mitigated using a fixed relaxation technique for the rigid body kinematics to ensure numerical robustness. Additionally, the proposed algorithm leverages the previously developed DF-IBM formulation and the predictor-corrector strategy of the pressure implicit with splitting of operators (PISO) algorithm by omitting the momentum predictor step and the costly corrector loops from the implicit iterations. The method is validated against several benchmark cases, demonstrating robustness, stability, and efficiency in capturing complex fluid-rigid body interactions across a range of challenging scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rongxin Chen , Hui Zhong , Bozhan Hai , Qingrui Song , Wei Zhang , Guofu Lian
{"title":"Mechanism and regulation of silicone oil fluid volume on the stick-slip behavior of PDMS sponges","authors":"Rongxin Chen , Hui Zhong , Bozhan Hai , Qingrui Song , Wei Zhang , Guofu Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stick-slip behavior during friction is a critical factor contributing to the degradation of PDMS material performance. To mitigate this phenomenon, this study investigates the effects of silicone oil with varying parameters on the frictional and mechanical properties of PDMS sponges. Friction experiments were conducted by introducing silicone oil fluids, and the influence of silicone oil on the friction coefficient and stick-slip behavior was analyzed. Additionally, the nominal modulus of elasticity of PDMS sponges was measured to explore the interrelationship among elasticity, friction coefficient, and stick-slip behavior. The results demonstrate that as the viscosity of silicone oil increases, the stick-slip time (<em>∆t</em>) of PDMS sponge decreases, the difference between static and kinetic friction coefficients (<em>∆μ</em>) diminishes, and the modulus of elasticity of PDMS sponge increases. High-viscosity silicone oil effectively reduces both stick-slip behavior and the friction coefficient of PDMS sponge. At constant viscosity, an increase in the volume of silicone oil leads to a reduction in the friction coefficient of PDMS sponge but simultaneously enhances the likelihood of stick-slip behavior while decreasing the nominal modulus of elasticity. By controlling the liquid parameters of silicone oil, the friction coefficient and stick-slip behavior of PDMS sponges can be modulated. This study explores the formation mechanism of the viscous-slip behavior and proposes a method to control the viscous-slip behavior by different liquids. This can provide theoretical guidance for the regulation of viscous-slip behavior in other polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxiang Ying, Geng Guan, Tongxiao Jiang, Amin Ullah, JianZhong Lin
{"title":"Dynamics of elongated microswimmers in a square-tube flow","authors":"Yuxiang Ying, Geng Guan, Tongxiao Jiang, Amin Ullah, JianZhong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microswimmers exhibit remarkable dynamic properties in fluid environments, making them important for advancing the fields of fluid mechanics and biophysics. In this study, we extended the classical squirmer model to an ellipsoidal geometry and investigated its swimming behavior in a three-dimensional square-tube flow. The results were compared with those of a spherical microswimmer. By systematically varying key parameters, including the self-propulsion strength (<em>α</em>), swimming type factor (<em>β</em>), chirality factor (<em>χ</em>), and flow field Reynolds number (<em>Re<sub>m</sub></em>), we identified five distinct swimming modes: near-wall helical motion, near-center helical motion, steady linear motion, zigzag motion, and near-wall double-helical motion, in which the microswimmer exhibited two different swimming directions (upstream and downstream). The results show that chirality and geometric anisotropy significantly influenced the swimming behavior of the microswimmer. The formation of swimming modes is also related to the pressure distribution between the microswimmer and the wall. In addition, the swimming velocity and helical frequency of the microswimmer increased with increasing <em>α</em> or <em>Re<sub>m</sub></em>; however, the increase in the Reynolds number did not change the swimming mode of the microswimmer. Our research is expected to promote the understanding of the motion characteristics of active matter in dynamic flows and provide valuable insights into the design of efficient and controllable artificial microswimmers for biomedical and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuai Huang , Qingshan Yang , Zhanfang Liu , Haohong Li , Wenshan Shan , Chen Li
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of nonlinear coupled along- and across-wind aeroelastic responses in tall slender structures with square section","authors":"Shuai Huang , Qingshan Yang , Zhanfang Liu , Haohong Li , Wenshan Shan , Chen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tall slender structures are prone to aeroelastic instability, such as vortex resonance and galloping, in which the along-wind response is often neglected in conventional analyses. Recent experimental studies, however, have shown that near the wind speed corresponding to across-wind resonance, the along-wind vibration becomes coupled with the across-wind vibration, resulting in a significant amplification of the along-wind response and a reduction of the across-wind response. The underlying nonlinear self-excited forces driving this coupled behavior remain insufficiently understood. This study proposes a method for identifying the self-excited forces of tall slender structures accounting for along- and across-wind coupling. Displacement responses in both directions were measured through wind tunnel tests using a pivot model, followed by complex modal parameter identification. It was found that the mode with a frequency close to the across-wind natural frequency predominantly governs the structural response. A mathematical model was then established to predict coupled vibrations and to identify nonlinear self-excited forces. A generalized Van der Pol-type damping model was employed to capture the amplitude dependence of the first-mode damping ratio. Finally, the prediction model and the self-excited force identification method were validated against experimental results. The proposed approach provides a theoretical framework for analyzing aeroelastic instability of tall slender structures with along- and across-wind coupling effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrodynamic study of a novel surface standing-and-turning behavior of robotic dolphins","authors":"Ming Lei , Qingyuan Gai , Tongfu Zou , Dan Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the surface operation capabilities of traditional bionic underwater vehicles (BUVs) in, this study explored the feasibility of dolphins performing cross-medium standing-and-turning (SAT) behavior on the water surface from a hydrodynamics perspective. A physical model and computational model of the robotic dolphin’s surface SAT behavior were established. After numerous attempts, the surface SAT behavior of the robotic dolphin was successfully replicated through coordinated movements of the body, caudal fin, and pectoral fins, and the quantitative relationship between controllable parameters and hydrodynamic performance was investigated. By combining data analysis and flow field distribution patterns, the underlying physical mechanisms of the robotic dolphin’s surface SAT behavior were revealed. The results indicate that the turning trajectory of SAT behavior exhibits a circular characteristic, and the turning radius can be adjusted by modifying the kinematic parameters. Additionally, when the movement parameters of the body and caudal fin are fixed, and the phase difference between the two pectoral fins is <em>T</em>/2, the robotic dolphin achieves optimal turning maneuverability, with a maximum turning speed of 1.69 rad/s and a turning efficiency of up to 45.5%. Notably, by optimizing kinematic parameters, the robotic dolphin achieves cross-medium <em>in-situ</em> turning with exceptionally high maneuverability, which is indeed a very valuable discovery. The findings provide a cross-medium fluid dynamics explanation for the development of BUVs with dual underwater/surface operating capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A CNN-BiLSTM-ATT hybrid model for predicting wind pressure on saddle-shaped membrane structures","authors":"Fang-Jin Sun , Qi-Qi Chen , Da-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane structures are extensively used in modern architecture due to their lightweight properties, high strength, and design versatility. However, accurately predicting wind pressure remains a persistent challenge in structural safety design, owing to their complex pressure distribution and pronounced flow-field sensitivity.To address this challenge, this study proposes a CNN-BiLSTM-ATT deep learning model for high-precision wind pressure prediction on saddle-shaped membrane structures. The model integrates convolutional neural networks for spatial feature extraction, bidirectional LSTM for temporal modeling, and an attention mechanism for adaptive feature weighting. Its performance is evaluated against a BiLSTM-ATT benchmark under various wind angles (0<sup>∘</sup> and 45<sup>∘</sup>) at key measurement points. Experimental results show excellent predictive accuracy, with root mean square error reduced by 57%–78% and a maximum coefficient of determination (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>) of 0.9919, significantly outperforming the benchmark.The proposed model effectively captures both the spatiotemporal features of wind pressure data and its non-Gaussian statistical properties, while revealing the underlying physics of complex flow fields. This provides a robust and efficient approach for wind pressure prediction and structural safety design, significantly improving the wind resistance performance and engineering quality of membrane structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanyu Mei , Hao Hu , Bo Wu , Pin Ye , Yuxuan Yan , Haili Liao
{"title":"An Encoder-Decoder analysis framework for the characterization of nonlinear aerodynamic forces and limit cycle flutter of bluff bodies","authors":"Hanyu Mei , Hao Hu , Bo Wu , Pin Ye , Yuxuan Yan , Haili Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an Encoder-Decoder analytical framework that balances minimal experimental input with high identification accuracy. Relying solely on free vibration response time histories, the framework enables the retrieval of full-process nonlinear aerodynamic forces (NAF) and the quantification of limit cycle oscillations (LCO) for bluff-body sections. Using a 5:1 rectangular section as a case study, section model tests involving synchronized vibration and pressure measurements under free vibration were conducted to capture the system’s surface pressure distribution and nonlinear flutter responses. The single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) torsional flutter and vertical-torsion coupled two degrees of freedom (2DOF) flutter behavior of the section were examined in detail. Subsequently, the flutter responses are treated as observation states fed into an Encoder composed of neural networks to model the hidden variable (e.g., NAF). A Decoder based on the Newmark-β method is then employed to reconstruct the nonlinear flutter response by decoding the encoded NAF. Through iterative computation of the encoding and decoding processes over successive time steps, gradient descent methods (GDM) are introduced to minimize the error between predicted and observed responses, thereby establishing a complete closed-loop training procedure for NAF identification and LCO prediction. The effectiveness and accuracy of the framework in characterizing the nonlinear aerodynamic behavior of bluff bodies are validated through distinct dynamic system wind tunnel experiments, considering both transient NAF and LCO amplitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James L. Fields , Anshul Suri , Caleb J. Barnes , Jack J. McNamara , Datta V. Gaitonde
{"title":"Interplay between shock-induced panel flutter and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in laminar flow","authors":"James L. Fields , Anshul Suri , Caleb J. Barnes , Jack J. McNamara , Datta V. Gaitonde","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the interplay between the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability, aeroelastic flutter, and laminar shock-boundary layer interactions. The coupled system is studied by performing modal-based analyses over distinct phases of the aeroelastic response. The initial response is comparable to classical panel flutter and is dominated by first- and second-mode panel deflections. Over time, a frequency lock-in occurs between K-H waves in the flow and high-order modes in the panel, resulting in mutual growth. The growth of the K-H instability leads to a period of cascading frequency and modal content in which energy is channeled into several discrete oscillating panel modes. It is shown through a bispectral mode decomposition that the frequency cascade is driven by nonlinear interactions between panel modes. The asymptotic state of the aeroelastic system is classified as a multi-mode limit cycle oscillation and exhibits a traveling wave flutter. The time-mean flow field exhibits reductions in both the separation bubble volume and downstream boundary layer thickness in the presence of the fluttering panel, supporting the notion of fluid-structure interaction as a means for passive flow control of SBLIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}