Journal of Genetic Psychology最新文献_第6页

The Line of Emotion Dysregulation and Need Frustration from Parents to Adolescents: The Role of Parental Psychological Control. 父母对青少年情绪失调与需求挫折的关系：父母心理控制的作用。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2025.2454321

Sebastiano Costa, Marco Cannavò, Francesca Liga, Francesca Cuzzocrea, Maria C Gugliandolo

{"title":"The Line of Emotion Dysregulation and Need Frustration from Parents to Adolescents: The Role of Parental Psychological Control.","authors":"Sebastiano Costa, Marco Cannavò, Francesca Liga, Francesca Cuzzocrea, Maria C Gugliandolo","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2025.2454321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2025.2454321","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulating evidence, as outlined by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), highlights the crucial role of emotion dysregulation and basic psychological needs in shaping various psychological outcomes. Parental psychological control may play a key role in understanding how these processes develop within the family context. This study aims to examine the intergenerational transmission of basic psychological needs and emotion dysregulation from parents to adolescents, focusing on the indirect association of parental psychological control within this relationship. 210 Italian families living in the same household, consisting of biological parents and one adolescent (55% female) aged between 13 and 18 years old (M = 15.71, SD = 1.76) participated in the study. The results showed that both mothers' and fathers' higher emotion dysregulation were related to their own higher levels of psychological control, while higher maternal need frustration was related to higher perceptions of parental psychological control in adolescents. In turn, higher perceptions of parental psychological control in adolescents were related to adolescents' higher need frustration and emotion dysregulation. Furthermore, higher maternal emotion dysregulation was linked to higher adolescent emotion dysregulation, and higher paternal need frustration was linked to higher adolescent need frustration. These findings are explored in the context of SDT and highlight the significance of both emotion regulation ability and needs in shaping adolescent adjustment.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Empirical Avoidance, Anxiety, Difficulty Describing Feelings and Internet Addiction Among College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model. 大学生经验回避、焦虑、感受描述困难与网络成瘾的关系：一个有调节的中介模型

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2025.2453705

Zhenxiu Yi, Wenqian Wang, Ning Wang, Yang Liu

{"title":"The Relationship Between Empirical Avoidance, Anxiety, Difficulty Describing Feelings and Internet Addiction Among College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model.","authors":"Zhenxiu Yi, Wenqian Wang, Ning Wang, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2025.2453705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2025.2453705","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing detection rate of Internet addiction in college students, the correlation between Internet addiction and emotional problems is further strengthened. Therefore, it is crucial to actively investigate the emotional mechanisms underlying college students' internet addiction to foster their healthy development. This study establishes a moderated mediation model based on the relationships among experiential avoidance, internet addiction, anxiety, and difficulty describing feelings to explore the link between experiential avoidance and internet addiction, the mediating role of anxiety, and the moderating effect of difficulty describing feelings. The study collected data from 1,591 Chinese college students across seven provinces (municipalities), utilizing measures such as the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Scale, the Anxiety Subscale, and the Difficulty Describing Feelings Scale. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to further investigate the potential emotional mechanisms behind college students' internet addiction. The results indicated that experiential avoidance significantly predicts internet addiction among college students, with anxiety mediating the relationship between experiential avoidance and internet addiction. Additionally, difficulty describing feelings moderate the relationship between experiential avoidance and anxiety. These findings further suggest that emotional disorders such as experiential avoidance, anxiety, and difficulty describing feelings are potential risk factors behind college students' internet addiction. The study recommends enhancing psychological counseling and other intervention measures in interventions for college students' internet addiction.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship Between Intense Personal Celebrity Worship and Cosmetic Surgery Consideration Among Chinese Young Women: The Serial Mediating Effects of Body Dissatisfaction and Body Shame. 中国年轻女性强烈的个人名人崇拜与整容考虑的关系：身体不满和身体羞耻的系列中介效应

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2025.2453711

Xinyue Shen, Panpan Zheng, Zhenyong Lyu

引用次数: 0

The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation on Shyness and Internalizing Behavior of Turkish Preschool Children. 情绪调节对土耳其学龄前儿童害羞和内化行为的调节作用

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2390451

Pelin Ülker, Özge Metin Aslan

{"title":"The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation on Shyness and Internalizing Behavior of Turkish Preschool Children.","authors":"Pelin Ülker, Özge Metin Aslan","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2390451","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2390451","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the moderating effect of children's emotion regulation on the relations between shyness and internalizing behavior in Turkish preschool children. Participants were N = 222 children (M = 58.20 months, SD = 11.24, 116 girls, 106 boys) attending five public kindergartens in Turkey. Mothers provided ratings of children's shyness and emotion regulation; teachers assessed children's internalizing behavior. Results indicated that shyness was positively associated with internalizing behavior and negatively associated with emotion regulation among Turkish preschool children. Moreover, children's emotion regulation significantly moderated the relationship between shyness and internalizing behavior. Specifically, among children with lower levels of emotion regulation, shyness was significantly and positively associated with internalizing behaviors while among children with higher levels of emotion regulation, shyness was not associated with internalizing behaviors. The current findings inform that the importance of improving children's emotional regulation to buffer the internalizing behaviors among Turkish shyness young children. The findings also highlight the importance of considering the meaning and implication of shyness for preschool children.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interrelations Among Adolescents' Family Connections, Solitude Preferences, Theory of Mind and Perceptions of Academic and Work Competence. 青少年的家庭联系、孤独偏好、心智理论以及学业和工作能力感知之间的相互关系。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2386016

Megan Jones, Sandra Bosacki, Victoria Talwar

{"title":"Interrelations Among Adolescents' Family Connections, Solitude Preferences, Theory of Mind and Perceptions of Academic and Work Competence.","authors":"Megan Jones, Sandra Bosacki, Victoria Talwar","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386016","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386016","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the links among family connections, solitude preferences, perceptions of work (academic and job) competence, and Theory of Mind (ToM) in 73 Canadian adolescents aged 11-18 (M age = 13.1). Previous studies show significant connections among these factors, although little is known about how such associations may relate to one another, especially the role of young people's perceptions. To address these gaps in the literature, this study focused on adolescents' experiences and perceptions of their family relationships, solitude preferences, and competence in the school context and workplace. Participants completed a series of self-report measures, advanced ToM tasks and written explanation for perceived family emotional connections. Results revealed that adolescents with more positive family connections reported higher levels of self-perceived academic and job competence, embraced solitude positively, yet felt less desire to be alone. Girls showed a higher affinity for solitude than boys, and the presence of more siblings reduced the desire for solitude. Those youth who were proficient in ToM skills reported positive family connections and high levels of academic competence. Findings hold implications for future research and education in adolescent's social cognition and social and academic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"56-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Dangerous? Substance Use Risk Perceptions in Chilean Preadolescents. 有多危险？智利青少年的药物使用风险认知。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2386010

Leba Sable, Jessica Vidal, Claudia Estrada-Goic, Rodrigo A Cárcamo

{"title":"How Dangerous? Substance Use Risk Perceptions in Chilean Preadolescents.","authors":"Leba Sable, Jessica Vidal, Claudia Estrada-Goic, Rodrigo A Cárcamo","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386010","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386010","url":null,"abstract":"Early substance use initiation among children represents a significant risk to public health. Research suggests that early positive perceptions and cognitions of elementary students toward substance use may predict later use during adolescence. Studies among adolescent populations have shown an inverse relationship between substance use and risk perceptions. To gain insight into alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana risk perceptions prior to adolescence, we analyzed data from the Chilean Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (ELPI). In a sample of 5,278 families (mean age of preadolescents 10.63 years, SD = .64; 50.5% males), our findings showed that an important proportion of Chilean 10 years old did not perceive occasional tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana use to be high-risk activities. However, the majority of respondents did consider daily substance use to be a high-risk activity, with some variation across substances. Overall, older preadolescents were more likely to consider substance use to be less risky compared to their slightly younger counterparts. Our analysis also demonstrated that past month substances use by caregivers were all found to be predictive of low-medium risk perceptions among preadolescents surveyed, while conversely, caregivers' negative reactions to finding out their child had used a substance decreased the likelihood of holding low-medium risk perceptions. Individuals from single-parent households were less likely to consider substance use as being high-risk compared to their peers. Preadolescents with caregivers reporting higher average incomes were also more likely to hold lower risk perceptions of occasional substance use. Implications for public policies to prevent substance use in the pre-adolescent population are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remembered Parental Rejection and Psychological Maladjustment in Turkish Adults: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity. 土耳其成年人记忆中的父母拒绝与心理不适应：人际拒绝敏感性的中介作用》。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2386011

Behire E Kuyumcu, Asude S Muğlu

{"title":"Remembered Parental Rejection and Psychological Maladjustment in Turkish Adults: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity.","authors":"Behire E Kuyumcu, Asude S Muğlu","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386011","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386011","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory's (IPARTheory's) prediction that adults' (both men's and women's) remembrances of parental (maternal and paternal) rejection in childhood are likely to be associated with adults' psychological maladjustment, as mediated by adults' interpersonal rejection sensitivity. To test these predictions a sample of 372 adults (178 women, 193 men; age range 18-59 and Sd: 11) in Turkiye participated in the study. Respondents completed the short forms of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for both mother and father, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (short form), the Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale, and the Personal Information Form. In line with this aim, this study examined the direct effect and indirect effect of adults' memories of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood on adults' psychological maladjustment through the mediator variable (rejection sensitivity) depending on age. The findings indicated that adults' remembrances of paternal rejection during childhood independently predicted their interpersonal rejection sensitivity and psychological maladjustment. Mediation analyses revealed that rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between parental rejection (both maternal and paternal) and psychological maladjustment in men. However, in women, while it partially mediated the relationship between paternal rejection and psychological maladjustment, it fully mediated the relationship between maternal rejection and psychological maladjustment. These findings offer evidence supporting the connections between childhood remembrances of parental rejection psychological maladjustment, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity in adults.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"22-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Peer Relationship Difficulties, Prosociality, and Parental Emotion Socialization: Moderating Roles of Adolescent Gender. 青少年同伴关系障碍、亲社会性和父母情感社会化：青少年性别的调节作用。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2386012

Danhua Zhu, Rachel L Miller-Slough, Pamela W Garner, Julie C Dunsmore

{"title":"Adolescent Peer Relationship Difficulties, Prosociality, and Parental Emotion Socialization: Moderating Roles of Adolescent Gender.","authors":"Danhua Zhu, Rachel L Miller-Slough, Pamela W Garner, Julie C Dunsmore","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386012","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386012","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined longitudinal, transactional associations between youth social adjustment (prosociality, peer relationship difficulties) and parental emotion socialization in early adolescence. Adolescent gender was considered as a potential moderator. Eighty-seven adolescent-parent dyads (50 girls, 37 boys) participated in 8th grade, with follow-up waves in 9th and 10th grade. Adolescents reported their experiences of peer victimization and their parents' emotion socialization responses, and parents reported youth prosocial behavior and peer relation problems. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicated transactional associations between parent supportive/unsupportive responses and adolescent peer relations and prosociality over time, some of which were moderated by adolescent gender. Increases in parental supportive emotion socialization corresponded to decreased experiences of peer victimization over time for girls, but not boys. When peer victimization increased over time, girls reported less parental supportive responses and all adolescents reported receiving more unsupportive responses from parents. For all adolescents, parents' increased supportive responses also corresponded to decreased peer problems and increased prosocial behavior. As prosocial behavior increased, so did parental supportive responses. Increases in parents' unsupportive responses related to decreased prosocial behavior, and increases in adolescent prosocial behavior related to decreases in parents' unsupportive responses. Results suggest that there is mutual influence between parent emotion socialization and adolescent social adjustment. Adolescent girls appear to uniquely benefit from parents' supportive emotional socialization in relation to their experiences of peer victimization. Potential mechanisms and implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"39-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Kind Mind: Enhancing Socio-Emotional Skills in German Preschool Children Through the Mindfulness-Based Kindness Curriculum. 一个善良的心灵：通过正念为基础的善良课程提高德国学龄前儿童的社会情感技能。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2438383

Petra Jansen, Markus Siebertz, Christiane Portele

{"title":"A Kind Mind: Enhancing Socio-Emotional Skills in German Preschool Children Through the Mindfulness-Based Kindness Curriculum.","authors":"Petra Jansen, Markus Siebertz, Christiane Portele","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2438383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2024.2438383","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: It has been shown that mindfulness-based practices are beneficial for children's cognitive and social-emotional development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of an eight-week mindfulness-based Kindness Curriculum (KC), a specially developed program for 3-6 years old preschoolers, on Executive Functions (EFs) and socio-emotional competencies. From three German kindergartens, 69 preschoolers participated. Thirty-eight children (M age = 5.30, SD = 0.80) were included in the mindfulness training group, and 31 (M age = 5.30, SD = 0.70) were in the wait-list control group. Due to the field character of the study, children were randomly assigned by kindergarten or by forming new groups of existing classes in one kindergarten. Before and after the mindfulness intervention, EFs were measured using Go/No-Go and Flanker tasks. Socio-emotional competencies were examined with an inventory for assessing socio-emotional competencies in three- to six-year-olds. The results showed a significant improvement in some aspects of emotional and social functions for the mindfulness group over the control group when the pretest results were integrated into the analysis. However, the mindfulness group showed no better performance concerning EFs (inhibition) than the control group. This study indicates improvement in some aspects of socio-emotional competencies in preschoolers through a mindfulness program. Further studies with more participants may evaluate if different forms of mindfulness training in preschool settings could enhance different aspects of preschoolers' development.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2384383

Rachel Miller-Slough, Daryl Parungao, Cheston West, Julie C Dunsmore

{"title":"Emotion-related Processes Between Parents and Adolescents: Evidence for Bidirectional Effects over Time.","authors":"Rachel Miller-Slough, Daryl Parungao, Cheston West, Julie C Dunsmore","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2384383","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2384383","url":null,"abstract":"Parent emotion socialization has long been studied in relation to children's socioemotional adjustment. Little attention has been paid to how parents' socialization responses are shaped by youth characteristics over time, such as emotional lability. The present study explored the mutual influence between parent emotion socialization and adolescent emotional lability. Participants were 87 adolescents (M = 14.23 years old, SD = .50; 50 girls) and their parents, who completed questionnaires at three time points from 8th grade through 10th grade. Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated mutual influences between parent emotion socialization and adolescent emotional lability, with relations moderated by adolescent gender. Increases in parents' reward of negative emotion predicted decreased emotional lability in girls. Parents' increased magnification of negative emotions corresponded to decreased emotional lability in boys. Boys' increases in emotional lability predicted decreased parental magnification of negative emotions over time. Increases in parents' magnification of negative emotions predicted increased emotional lability in girls. Girls' increases in emotional lability corresponded to increased parental magnification over time. There were no longitudinal effects of adolescent emotional lability on parents' reward, override, and punishment of negative emotions. Future directions and clinical applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"489-503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0