Zhixing Yi , Clément Zanolli , Wei Liao , Hua Liang , Yanyan Yao , Chun Tian , Kun Wang , Guilin Xu , Wei Wang
{"title":"Enamel thickness in the deciduous postcanine dentition of fossil and extant Pongo","authors":"Zhixing Yi , Clément Zanolli , Wei Liao , Hua Liang , Yanyan Yao , Chun Tian , Kun Wang , Guilin Xu , Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 103493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hailay G. Reda , Stephen R. Frost , Evan A. Simons , Jay Quade , Scott W. Simpson
{"title":"Description and taxonomic assessment of fossil Cercopithecidae from the Pliocene Galili Formation (Ethiopia)","authors":"Hailay G. Reda , Stephen R. Frost , Evan A. Simons , Jay Quade , Scott W. Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mount Galili Formation in the Afar region, Ethiopia, samples a critical time in hominin evolution, 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, documenting the last appearance of <em>Ardipithecus</em> and the origin of <em>Australopithecus.</em> This period is also important in the evolution of cercopithecids, especially the origin of <em>Theropithecus</em> in general and <em>Theropithecus oswaldi</em> lineage in particular. Galili has provided a total of 655 cercopithecid specimens that include crania, mandibles, isolated teeth and postcrania. All the fossils were recovered from the Lasdanan (5.3–4.43 Ma), Dhidinley (4.43–3.9 Ma) and Shabeley Laag (∼3.92–3.8 Ma) Members. Here, we described and analyzed 362 fossils employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptions of the material were supplemented with dental metrics and cranial shape analysis using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Results indicate the presence of at least six cercopithecid taxa: <em>Theropithecus oswaldi serengetensis</em> (<em>n</em> = 28), <em>Theropithecus</em> sp. (<em>n</em> = 2), three non-<em>Theropithecus</em> papionin groups (<em>n</em> = 134) and one colobine-size group (<em>n</em> = 58). The <em>T. o</em>. <em>serengetensis</em> represents the earliest form of the lineage, documented from ∼3.9 Ma Galili sediments. The three Galili papionins include a smaller taxon, a medium-sized taxon comparable to <em>Pliopapio alemui</em> and a large papionin overlapping in size with <em>Soromandrillus</em>, <em>Gorgopithecus</em> and <em>Dinopithecus</em>. The majority of Galili colobines have closest affinities to <em>Kuseracolobus aramisi</em> and some overlap with other taxa. Papionins dominate the Galili cercopithecid collection, although colobines are still fairly common (approximately 25% of the sample). Thus, Galili sample is like Kanapoi (4.2–4.1 Ma) and Gona (5.2–3.9 Ma) localities but distinct from Aramis, suggesting paleoecological similarity to the former sites. On the other hand, <em>Theropithecus</em> is less abundant at Galili than geologically younger Hadar (3.4–3.2 Ma) and Woranso-Mille (3.8–3.6 Ma) sites. Whether this difference is due to sampling, time or landscape variation requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140539377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma M. Finestone , Thomas W. Plummer , Thomas H. Vincent , Scott A. Blumenthal , Peter W. Ditchfield , Laura C. Bishop , James S. Oliver , Andy I.R. Herries , Christopher Vere Palfery , Timothy P. Lane , Elizabeth McGuire , Jonathan S. Reeves , Angel Rodés , Elizabeth Whitfield , David R. Braun , Simion K. Bartilol , Nelson Kiprono Rotich , Jennifer A. Parkinson , Cristina Lemorini , Isabella Caricola , Richard Potts
{"title":"New Oldowan locality Sare-Abururu (ca. 1.7 Ma) provides evidence of diverse hominin behaviors on the Homa Peninsula, Kenya","authors":"Emma M. Finestone , Thomas W. Plummer , Thomas H. Vincent , Scott A. Blumenthal , Peter W. Ditchfield , Laura C. Bishop , James S. Oliver , Andy I.R. Herries , Christopher Vere Palfery , Timothy P. Lane , Elizabeth McGuire , Jonathan S. Reeves , Angel Rodés , Elizabeth Whitfield , David R. Braun , Simion K. Bartilol , Nelson Kiprono Rotich , Jennifer A. Parkinson , Cristina Lemorini , Isabella Caricola , Richard Potts","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Homa Peninsula, in southwestern Kenya, continues to yield insights into Oldowan hominin landscape behaviors. The Late Pliocene locality of Nyayanga (∼3–2.6 Ma) preserves some of the oldest Oldowan tools. At the Early Pleistocene locality of Kanjera South (∼2 Ma) toolmakers procured a diversity of raw materials from over 10 km away and strategically reduced them in a grassland-dominated ecosystem. Here, we report findings from Sare-Abururu, a younger (∼1.7 Ma) Oldowan locality approximately 12 km southeast of Kanjera South and 18 km east of Nyayanga. Sare-Abururu has yielded 1754 artifacts in relatively undisturbed low-energy silts and sands. Stable isotopic analysis of pedogenic carbonates suggests that hominin activities were carried out in a grassland-dominated setting with similar vegetation structure as documented at Kanjera South. The composition of a nearby paleo-conglomerate indicates that high-quality stone raw materials were locally abundant. Toolmakers at Sare-Abururu produced angular fragments from quartz pebbles, representing a considerable contrast to the strategies used to reduce high quality raw materials at Kanjera South. Although lithic reduction at Sare-Abururu was technologically simple, toolmakers proficiently produced cutting edges, made few mistakes and exhibited a mastery of platform management, demonstrating that expedient technical strategies do not necessarily indicate a lack of skill or suitable raw materials. Lithic procurement and reduction patterns on the Homa Peninsula appear to reflect variation in local resource contexts rather than large-scale evolutionary changes in mobility, energy budget, or toolmaker cognition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724842400006X/pdfft?md5=d8ac0bcad67655c4ae0704f2082fbd00&pid=1-s2.0-S004724842400006X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conserved patterns and locomotor-related evolutionary constraints in the hominoid vertebral column","authors":"Catalina I. Villamil , Emily R. Middleton","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of the hominoid lineage is characterized by pervasive homoplasy, notably in regions such as the vertebral column, which plays a central role in body support and locomotion. Few isolated and fewer associated vertebrae are known for most fossil hominoid taxa, but identified specimens indicate potentially high levels of convergence in terms of both form and number. Homoplasy thus complicates attempts to identify the anatomy of the last common ancestor of hominins and other taxa and stymies reconstructions of evolutionary scenarios. One way to clarify the role of homoplasy is by investigating constraints via phenotypic integration, which assesses covariation among traits, shapes evolutionary pathways, and itself evolves in response to selection. We assessed phenotypic integration and evolvability across the subaxial (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) vertebral column of macaques (<em>n</em> = 96), gibbons (<em>n</em> = 77), chimpanzees (<em>n</em> = 92), and modern humans (<em>n</em> = 151). We found a mid-cervical cluster that may have shifted cranially in hominoids, a persistent thoracic cluster that is most marked in chimpanzees, and an expanded lumbosacral cluster in hominoids that is most expanded in gibbons. Our results highlight the highly conserved nature of the vertebral column. Taxa appear to exploit existing patterns of integration and ontogenetic processes to shift, expand, or reduce cluster boundaries. Gibbons appear to be the most highly derived taxon in our sample, possibly in response to their highly specialized locomotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trabecular bone volume fraction in Holocene and Late Pleistocene humans","authors":"Caroline Cartwright , Anna Ragni , Jean-Jacques Hublin , Habiba Chirchir","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research suggests that recent modern humans have gracile skeletons in having low trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and that gracilization of the skeleton occurred in the last 10,000 years. This has been attributed to a reduction in physical activity in the Holocene. However, there has been no thorough sampling of BV/TV in Pleistocene humans due to limited access to high resolution images of fossil specimens. Therefore, our study investigates the gracilization of BV/TV in Late Pleistocene humans and recent (Holocene) modern humans to improve our understanding of the emergence of gracility. We used microcomputed tomography to measure BV/TV in the femora, humeri and metacarpals of a sample of Late Pleistocene humans from Dolní Věstonice (Czech Republic, ∼26 ka, <em>n</em> = 6) and Ohalo II (Israel, ∼19 ka, <em>n</em> = 1), and a sample of recent humans including farming groups (<em>n</em> = 39) and hunter-gatherers (<em>n</em> = 6). We predicted that 1) Late Pleistocene humans would exhibit greater femoral and humeral head BV/TV compared with recent humans and 2) among recent humans, metacarpal head BV/TV would be greater in hunter-gatherers compared with farmers. Late Pleistocene humans had higher BV/TV compared with recent humans in both the femur and humerus, supporting our first prediction, and consistent with previous findings that Late Pleistocene humans are robust as compared to recent humans. However, among recent humans, there was no significant difference in BV/TV in the metacarpals between the two subsistence groups. The results highlight the similarity in BV/TV in the hand of two human groups from different geographic locales and subsistence patterns and raise questions about assumptions of activity levels in archaeological populations and their relationships to trabecular BV/TV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vance C.R. Powell , W. Andrew Barr , Ashley S. Hammond , Bernard A. Wood
{"title":"Behavioral and phylogenetic correlates of limb length proportions in extant apes and monkeys: Implications for interpreting hominin fossils","authors":"Vance C.R. Powell , W. Andrew Barr , Ashley S. Hammond , Bernard A. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The body proportions of extant animals help inform inferences about the behaviors of their extinct relatives, but relationships between body proportions, behavior, and phylogeny in extant primates remain unclear. Advances in behavioral data, molecular phylogenies, and multivariate analytical tools make it an opportune time to perform comprehensive comparative analyses of primate traditional limb length proportions (e.g., intermembral, humerofemoral, brachial, and crural indices), body size-adjusted long bone proportions, and principal components. In this study we used a mix of newly-collected and published data to investigate whether and how the limb length proportions of a diverse sample of primates, including monkeys, apes, and modern humans, are influenced by behavior and phylogeny. We reconfirm that the intermembral index, followed by the first principal component of traditional limb length proportions, is the single most effective variable distinguishing hominoids and other anthropoids. Combined limb length proportions and positional behaviors are strongly correlated in extant anthropoid groups, but phylogeny is a better predictor of limb length proportion variation than of behavior. We confirm convergences between members of the Atelidae and extant apes (especially <em>Pan</em>), members of the Hylobatidae and <em>Pongo</em>, and a potential divergence of <em>Presbytis</em> limb proportions from some other cercopithecoids, which correlate with adaptations for forelimb-dominated behaviors in some colobines. Collectively, these results substantiate hypotheses indicating that extinct hominins and other hominoid taxa can be distinguished by analyzing combinations of their limb length proportions at different taxonomic levels. From these results, we hypothesize that fossil skeletons characterized by notably disparate limb length proportions are unlikely to have exhibited similar behavioral patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebeka Rmoutilová , Jaroslav Brůžek , Asier Gómez-Olivencia , Stéphane Madelaine , Christine Couture-Veschambre , Trenton Holliday , Bruno Maureille
{"title":"Sex estimation of the adult Neandertal Regourdou 1 (Montignac, France): Implications for sexing human fossil remains","authors":"Rebeka Rmoutilová , Jaroslav Brůžek , Asier Gómez-Olivencia , Stéphane Madelaine , Christine Couture-Veschambre , Trenton Holliday , Bruno Maureille","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sex is a biological trait fundamental to the study of hominin fossils. Among the many questions that can be addressed are those related to taxonomy, biological variability, sexual dimorphism, paleoobstetrics, funerary selection, and paleodemography. While new methodologies such as paleogenomics or paleoproteomics can be used to determine sex, they have not been systematically applied to Pleistocene human remains due to their destructive nature. Therefore, we estimated sex from the coxal bone of the newly discovered pelvic remains of the Regourdou 1 Neandertal (Southwest France, MIS 5) based on morphological and metric data employing two methods that have been recently revised and shown to be reliable in multiple studies. Both methods calculate posterior probabilities of the estimate. The right coxal bone of Regourdou 1 was partially reconstructed providing additional traits for sex estimation. These methods were cross validated on 14 sufficiently preserved coxal bones of specimens from the Neandertal lineage. Our results show that the Regourdou 1 individual, whose postcranial skeleton is not robust, is a male, and that previous sex attributions of comparative Neandertal specimens are largely in agreement with those obtained here. Our results encourage additional morphological research of fossil hominins in order to develop a set of methods that are applicable, reliable, and reproducible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 103470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140308909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Naming Homo erectus: A review","authors":"Eduard Pop , Sofwan Noerwidi , Fred Spoor","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Following the discovery of hominin fossils at Trinil (Java, Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892, Eugène Dubois named a new species, now known as <em>Homo erectus</em>. Although the main historical events are well-known, there appears to be no consensus regarding two important aspects of the naming of the species, including what constitutes the original publication of the name, and what is the name-bearing type specimen. These issues are addressed in this paper with reference to original sources and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Our review confirms earlier studies that cite the published quarterly fieldwork report covering the 3rd quarter of 1892 as the original publication naming the species <em>erectus</em>. However, until recently, the correct publication year of 1893 has consistently been cited as 1892, and it has rarely been recognized that the author of the publication was anonymous, even though the author of the species is specifically named. Importantly, Dubois assigns all three hominin fossils found at Trinil up to that moment to the new species, explicitly stating that they belong to a single individual. The three fossils, a molar, a calotte, and a femur, therefore jointly constitute the original holotype. However, the femur most likely derives from younger strata than the other hominins and shows fully modern human-like morphology, unlike subsequently discovered <em>H. erectus</em> femora. Moreover, there is no consensus over the affinities of the molar, and if it is <em>H. erectus</em> rather than an extinct ape, there is no evidence that it belongs to the same individual as the calotte. Excluding these two fossils from the holotype, the calotte is the appropriate fossil to retain the role as name-bearing specimen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000241/pdfft?md5=955372a302190d944f1777935c32710c&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie L. Clark , Gideon Hartman , Liv Nilsson-Stutz , Aaron J. Stutz
{"title":"The fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan: Insights on human hunting behavior during the Early Upper Paleolithic","authors":"Jamie L. Clark , Gideon Hartman , Liv Nilsson-Stutz , Aaron J. Stutz","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a corridor for population movement out of Africa, the southern Levant is a natural laboratory for research exploring the dynamics of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition. Yet, the number of well-preserved sites dating to the initial millennia of the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP; ∼45–30 ka) remains limited, restricting the resolution at which we can study the biocultural and techno-typological changes evidenced across the transition. With EUP deposits dating to 45–39 ka cal BP, Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan, offers a key opportunity to expand our understanding of EUP lifeways in the southern Levant. Mughr el-Hamamah is particularly noteworthy for its large faunal assemblage, representing the first such assemblage from the Jordan Valley. In this paper, we present results from taxonomic and taphonomic analyses of the EUP fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah. Given broader debates about shifts in human subsistence across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition, we also assess evidence for subsistence intensification, focusing especially on the exploitation of gazelle and the use of small game. Taphonomic data suggest that the fauna was primarily accumulated by human activity. Ungulates dominate the assemblage; gazelle (<em>Gazella</em> sp.) is the most common taxa, followed by fallow deer (<em>Dama mesopotamica</em>) and goat (<em>Capra</em> sp.). Among the gazelle, juveniles account for roughly one-third of the sample. While the focus on gazelle and the frequency of juveniles are consistent with broader regional trends, evidence for the regular exploitation of marrow from gazelle phalanges suggests that the EUP occupants of Mughr el-Hamamah processed gazelle carcasses quite intensively. Yet, the overall degree of dietary intensification appears low—small game is rare and evidence for human capture of this game is more equivocal. As a whole, our results support a growing body of data showing gradual shifts in animal exploitation strategies across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}