Molar enamel–dentine junction shape of Pliobates cataloniae and other Iberian pliopithecoids

IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
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Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships of the small-bodied catarrhine Pliobates cataloniae (∼11.6 Ma, NE Iberian Peninsula) have been controversial since its original description. However, the recent report of additional dentognathic remains has supported its crouzeliid pliopithecoid status. Based on the available hypodigm, the molar enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) shape of P. cataloniae is compared with that of other pliopithecoids from the same basin as well as both extinct and extant hominoids to further evaluate its pliopithecoid affinities. We also quantitatively compare the EDJ shape among these taxa by means of landmark-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis, and between-group PCA. Permutation tests are performed to test whether Pliobates variation exceeds that of extant hominoid genera. Results indicate that Pliobates is similar in molar EDJ shape to other pliopithecoids, particularly crouzeliids. The variation displayed by Pliobates upper molars is less marked at the EDJ level than at the outer enamel surface, probably owing to differential enamel wear and intraspecific differences in enamel thickness. Multivariate analyses of EDJ shape show that all pliopithecoids (including Pliobates) cluster together in the PCAs, canonical variate analyses, and between-group PCAs and occupy a different portion of the morphospaces from extinct and extant hominoids. Posterior and typicality probabilities strongly support the classification of Pliobates as a pliopithecoid, wheras permutation tests fail to reject the single-genus hypothesis for the P. cataloniae hypodigm. We conclude that P. cataloniae is a crouzeliid pliopithecoid, as recently supported by cladistic analyses of craniodental characters, and that previous cladistic results that supported a stem hominoid status are attributable to postcranial convergences with crown hominoids. Our results further highlight the potential of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics analyses of the EDJ shape for better informing fossil primate alpha-taxonomy by means of quantitatively testing hypotheses about tooth shape variation.

Pliobates cataloniae 和其他伊比利亚古猿的臼齿珐琅质-牙齿连接形状。
自最初描述以来,小体型白喉类动物Pliobates cataloniae(11.6 Ma∼,伊比利亚半岛东北部)的系统发育关系一直存在争议。然而,最近报告的更多牙齿残骸支持了其rouzeliid pliopithecoid的地位。根据现有的下模态,我们将卡塔卢尼亚豹的臼齿珐琅质-牙齿交界处(EDJ)形状与同一盆地的其他犁足类以及已灭绝和现存的人科动物的臼齿珐琅质-牙齿交界处(EDJ)形状进行了比较,以进一步评估其犁足类的亲缘关系。我们还利用主成分分析(PCA)、典型变量分析和组间 PCA,通过基于地标的三维几何形态计量学方法,定量比较了这些类群的 EDJ 外形。还进行了置换检验,以检验 Pliobates 的变异是否超过了现生同属类的变异。结果表明,Pliobates的臼齿EDJ形状与其他类人猿相似,尤其是rouzeliids。Pliobates上臼齿在EDJ层面上的变化不如外珐琅质表面明显,这可能是由于不同的珐琅质磨损和珐琅质厚度的种内差异造成的。EDJ形状的多变量分析表明,在聚类分析、典型变异分析和组间聚类分析中,所有的上类人猿(包括Pliobates)都聚集在一起,并占据了与已灭绝和现存的类人猿不同的形态空间。后验概率和典型概率都强烈支持将 Pliobates 划分为类人猿,而 permutation 检验则未能否定 P. cataloniae 的单属假说。我们的结论是,P. cataloniae属于颅齿特征的支系分析最近支持的rouzeliid pliopithecoid,而以前支持茎类人科地位的支系分析结果可归因于颅后与冠类人科的趋同。我们的研究结果进一步凸显了对EDJ形状进行三维几何形态计量学分析的潜力,通过定量检验有关牙齿形状变异的假设,可以更好地为灵长类化石α-分类学提供信息。
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来源期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
Journal of Human Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
15.60%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.
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