Journal of Human Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Jaw-muscle fiber architecture and skull form facilitate relatively wide jaw gapes in male cercopithecoid monkeys","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In primates and other mammals, the capacity to generate a wide maximum jaw gape is an important performance variable related to both feeding and nonfeeding oral behaviors, such as canine gape display and clearing the canines for use as weapons during aggressive encounters. Across sexually dimorphic catarrhine primates, gape is significantly correlated with canine height and with musculoskeletal features that facilitate wide gapes. Given the importance of canine gape behaviors in males as part of intrasexual competition for females, functional relationships between gape, canine height, and musculoskeletal morphology can be predicted to differ between the sexes. We test this hypothesis by investigating sex-specific relationships among these variables in a maximum sample of 32 cercopithecoid species. Using phylogenetic least squares regression, we found that of 18 predicted relationships, 16 of the 18 (89%) were significant in males, whereas only six (33%) were significant in females. Moreover, 15 of the 18 correlations were higher—10 of the 18 significantly higher—in males than in females. Males, but not females, showed strong and significant positive allometry of fiber lengths, indicating that increase in male jaw length is accompanied by allometric increases in the capacity for muscle stretch. While males and females showed significant negative allometry for muscle leverage, only males showed significant negative allometry of muscle leverage relative to jaw gape and canine height. Collectively, these results provide support for the hypothesis that as selection acted to increase relative canine height in male cercopithecoids, one change was an allometric increase in relative maximum jaw gape, along with allometric increases in musculoskeletal morphologies that facilitate gape. Lastly, if gape and canine display/clearance are key targets of selection on masticatory morphology in male cercopithecoids, then cercopithecoid monkeys such as macaques, baboons, and sooty mangabeys may have diminished utility as models for drawing paleobiological inferences from musculoskeletal morphology about feeding behavior and diet in fossil hominins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cadaveric study of wrist-joint moments in chimpanzees and orangutans with implications for the evolution of knuckle-walking","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanism underlying the evolution of knuckle-walking in African great apes but not in humans may provide important implications about the origin and evolution of human bipedal locomotion. In this study, aiming to reveal possible structural adaptations of the chimpanzee's forearm and hand musculature related to knuckle-walking, we measure the passive elastic moment of the chimpanzee's and orangutan's wrist as it was rotated into extension, immobilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint at three different positions: extended (as in knuckle-walking), flexed (as in fist-walking), and an intermediate position. Our findings demonstrate that when the metacarpophalangeal joints are extended, the rigidity of the wrist joint in the extended direction increases. This increased rigidity is attributed to the passive elongation and force generation of digital flexor muscles, which are relatively short in chimpanzees. Consequently, this enhanced wrist-joint rigidity contributes to the stability and energetically efficient transmission of propulsive force to the ground during the stance phase. Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that knuckle-walking is an adaptation to terrestrial locomotion for an ancestor characterized by the restricted capacity for wrist extension owing to the relatively shorter tendons of digital flexor muscles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"The effect of bi-iliac breadth on core body temperature\" [J. Hum. Evol. 195 (2024) 103580].","authors":"Jennifer Eyre, Scott A Williams, Mark Grabowski, Sandra Winters, Herman Pontzer","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanlike manual activities in Australopithecus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of the human hand is a topic of great interest in paleoanthropology. As the hand can be involved in a vast array of activities, knowledge regarding how it was used by early hominins can yield crucial information on the factors driving biocultural evolution. Previous research on early hominin hands focused on the overall bone shape. However, while such approaches can inform on mechanical abilities and the evolved efficiency of manipulation, they cannot be used as a definite proxy for individual habitual activity. Accordingly, it is crucial to examine bone structures more responsive to lifetime biomechanical loading, such as muscle attachment sites or internal bone architecture. In this study, we investigate the manual entheseal patterns of <em>Australopithecus afarensis</em>, <em>Australopithecus africanus,</em> and <em>Australopithecus sediba</em> through the application of the validated entheses-based reconstruction of activity method. Using a comparative sample of later <em>Homo</em> and three great ape genera, we analyze the muscle attachment site proportions on the thumb, fifth ray, and third intermediate phalanx to gain insight into the habitual hand use of <em>Australopithecus</em>. We use a novel statistical procedure to account for the effects of interspecies variation in overall size and ray proportions. Our results highlight the importance of certain muscles of the first and fifth digits for humanlike hand use. In humans, these muscles are required for variable in-hand manipulation and are activated during stone-tool production. The entheses of <em>A. sediba</em> suggest muscle activation patterns consistent with a similar suite of habitual manual activities as in later <em>Homo</em>. In contrast, <em>A. africanus</em> and <em>A. afarensis</em> display a mosaic entheseal pattern that combines indications of both humanlike and apelike manipulation. Overall, these findings provide new evidence that some australopith species were already habitually engaging in humanlike manipulation, even if their manual dexterity was likely not as high as in later <em>Homo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dentition of a new adult Neanderthal individual from Grotte Mandrin, France","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grotte Mandrin is located in the middle Rhône River Valley, in Mediterranean France, and has yielded 11 Pleistocene archeological and paleoanthropological layers (ranging from the oldest layer J to the youngest layer B) dating from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 to MIS 3. We report here the nearly complete dentition of an adult Neanderthal individual, nicknamed ‘Thorin,’ associated to the last phase of the Post-Neronian II, in layer B2 (∼44.50–42.25 ka). A previous paleogenetic analysis revealed that Thorin is a male individual and that he shows a deep genetic divergence with other penecontemporaneous Neanderthals from western Europe that possibly occurred ∼105 ka. The 31 teeth of Thorin (including two distomolars) are described and analyzed using microcomputed tomography imaging and are compared with other Neanderthals and modern humans. Based on direct observation and measurements on the fossil remains, and using microtomographic imaging, tooth wear, nonmetric characters, crown dimensions, and dental tissue proportions were investigated, and the shape of the enamel–dentine junction of the M², M₂, and M₃ was analyzed by geometric morphometrics. Our results indicate that Thorin's teeth show dental characteristics typical of MIS 5–3 Neanderthals. It is also the first time that the presence of two distomolars is reported in a Neanderthal individual, a trait that is rare among modern human populations. Combined with the genetic peculiarities of this individual, the results of the present study imply either a process of morphological convergence among the latest Neanderthal groups or an underestimation of the genetic variability of recent Neanderthal groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent predators: Zooarchaeological evidence for specialized horse hunting at Schöningen 13II-4","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Schöningen 13II-4 site is a marvel of Paleolithic archaeology. With the extraordinary preservation of complete wooden spears and butchered large mammal bones dating from the Middle Pleistocene, Schöningen maintains a prominent position in the halls of human origins worldwide. Here, we present the first analysis of the complete large mammal faunal assemblage from Schöningen 13II-4, drawing on multiple lines of zooarchaeological and taphonomic evidence to expose the full spectrum of hominin activities at the site—before, during, and after the hunt. Horse (<em>Equus mosbachensis</em>) remains dominate the assemblage and suggest a recurrent ambush hunting strategy along the margins of the Schöningen paleo-lake. In this regard, Schöningen 13II-4 provides the first undisputed evidence for hunting of a single prey species that can be studied from an in situ, open-air context. The Schöningen hominins likely relied on cooperative hunting strategy to target horse family groups, to the near exclusion of bachelor herds. Horse kills occurred during all seasons, implying a year-round presence of hominins on the Schöningen landscape. All portions of prey skeletons are represented in the assemblage, many complete and in semiarticulation, with little transport of skeletal parts away from the site. Butchery marks are abundant, and adult carcasses were processed more thoroughly than were juveniles. Numerous complete, unmodified bones indicated that lean meat and marrow were not always so highly prized, especially in events involving multiple kills when fat and animal hides may have received greater attention. The behaviors displayed at Schöningen continue to challenge our perceptions and models of past hominin lifeways, further cementing Schöningen's standing as the archetype for understanding hunting adaptations during the European Middle Pleistocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craniomandibular variation in the endemic Hispaniolan primate, Antillothrix bernensis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we describe new fossil material of <em>Antillothrix bernensis</em>, a Pleistocene-Holocene primate taxon from Hispaniola. It is now represented by seven crania, five mandibles, and dozens of postcranial elements from several paleontologically rich cave systems. The five adult crania included here share a similar overall profile as well as specific features such as a deep depression at the glabella. The complete anterior dentition of <em>Antillothrix</em> can now be described for the first time; short canine crowns, in the apicobasal dimension, compare well with titi monkeys, but the new crania and mandibles lack the specialized tall-crowned incisors of the extant pitheciids. They do, however, have a diastema between the lateral maxillary incisors and canines, a feature not present in the previously known crania. The new mandibles deepen posteriorly and have a medial inflection of the mandibular ramus, as in some pitheciids, but also share with <em>Xenothrix</em> a significant vertical narrowing of the corpus under P₄/M₁ not observed among extant taxa. Two of the specimens, a cranium and a mandible that do not fit together, exhibit congenitally absent third molars—a rarity among extant, noncallitrichine taxa. There is an approximately 1-kg range in the estimated body mass among the full <em>Antillothrix</em> sample (from 2.4 to 3.4 kg), as well as a range of approximately 5 cm³ of endocranial volume (from 40 to 45 cm³). With these extended ranges from the new specimens, <em>Antillothrix</em> can no longer be described as a taxon with a brain size smaller than that expected for its body size. Neither of these ranges in the brain size or body size is large enough to indicate a substantial level of sexual dimorphism or to necessitate separating the sample into male and female individuals. Given this, and the similar canine sizes for all specimens where they are present, the sample is consistent with a morphologically variable but monomorphic species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional isolated hominin canine tooth from Kanapoi, Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molar enamel–dentine junction shape of Pliobates cataloniae and other Iberian pliopithecoids","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phylogenetic relationships of the small-bodied catarrhine <em>Pliobates cataloniae</em> (∼11.6 Ma, NE Iberian Peninsula) have been controversial since its original description. However, the recent report of additional dentognathic remains has supported its crouzeliid pliopithecoid status. Based on the available hypodigm, the molar enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) shape of <em>P. cataloniae</em> is compared with that of other pliopithecoids from the same basin as well as both extinct and extant hominoids to further evaluate its pliopithecoid affinities. We also quantitatively compare the EDJ shape among these taxa by means of landmark-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis, and between-group PCA. Permutation tests are performed to test whether <em>Pliobates</em> variation exceeds that of extant hominoid genera. Results indicate that <em>Pliobates</em> is similar in molar EDJ shape to other pliopithecoids, particularly crouzeliids. The variation displayed by <em>Pliobates</em> upper molars is less marked at the EDJ level than at the outer enamel surface, probably owing to differential enamel wear and intraspecific differences in enamel thickness. Multivariate analyses of EDJ shape show that all pliopithecoids (including <em>Pliobates</em>) cluster together in the PCAs, canonical variate analyses, and between-group PCAs and occupy a different portion of the morphospaces from extinct and extant hominoids. Posterior and typicality probabilities strongly support the classification of <em>Pliobates</em> as a pliopithecoid, wheras permutation tests fail to reject the single-genus hypothesis for the <em>P. cataloniae</em> hypodigm. We conclude that <em>P. cataloniae</em> is a crouzeliid pliopithecoid, as recently supported by cladistic analyses of craniodental characters, and that previous cladistic results that supported a stem hominoid status are attributable to postcranial convergences with crown hominoids. Our results further highlight the potential of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics analyses of the EDJ shape for better informing fossil primate alpha-taxonomy by means of quantitatively testing hypotheses about tooth shape variation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of bi-iliac breadth on core body temperature","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermoregulation is argued to be an important factor influencing body breadth in hominins based on the relationship of surface area to body mass first proposed by Bergmann. Selection for a narrow thorax, and thus a narrow pelvis, increases body surface area relative to body mass, which could be beneficial in hot climates if it leads to a decrease in core body temperature. However, the relationship between pelvic breadth and thermoregulation in humans has not been established. Although previous work has shown that bi-iliac breadth is significantly positively associated with latitude in humans, we lack an understanding of whether this association is due to climate-related selection, neutral evolutionary processes, or other selective pressures. A missing piece of the puzzle is whether body breadth at the iliac blades is an important factor in thermoregulation. Here, we examine this in a mixed-sex sample of 28 adult runners who ran for one hour at 3.14 m s⁻¹ in a variety of climatic conditions while their core body temperatures were measured using internal temperature sensors. The association of maximum core temperature with anthropometric and demographic variables such as age, sex, mass, body fat percentage, and bi-iliac breadth was analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model. Due to the small sample size, the model was also bootstrapped. We found that an increase in absolute bi-iliac breadth was significantly associated with an increase in maximum core temperature. Overall, this preliminary analysis suggests a link between variation in bi-iliac breadth and maximum core body temperature during running, but further investigation is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}