Journal of Human Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between interproximal and occlusal wear in Australopithecus africanus and Neanderthal molars","authors":"Luca Fiorenza , Waseem Habashi , Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi , Stefano Benazzi , Rachel Sarig","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 103423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10137946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New specimens of middle Eocene omomyines (Primates, Omomyoidea) from the Uinta Basin of Utah and the Tornillo Basin of Texas, with clarification of the generic status of Ourayia, Mytonius, and Diablomomys","authors":"E. Christopher Kirk ,&nbsp;Rachel H. Dunn ,&nbsp;Benjamin Rodwell ,&nbsp;K. E. Beth Townsend","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the middle Eocene, multiple lineages of North American omomyoids independently evolved body masses greater than 500 g. Most of these large-bodied omomyoids are known from small sample sizes, which has contributed to a lack of consensus regarding their alpha taxonomy. Here, we describe new Uintan omomyine specimens from the Uinta Basin of Utah and the Tornillo Basin of Texas. These new samples expand the hypodigms of <em>Diablomomys dalquesti</em>, <em>Mytonius hopsoni</em>, and <em>Ourayia uintensis</em>, and favor the recognition of new species of <em>Mytonius</em> and <em>Ourayia</em> based on specimens from the Tornillo Basin. These samples support the recognition of <em>Diablomomys</em> as a valid genus distinct from <em>Omomys</em>, <em>Ourayia</em> as a valid genus distinct from <em>Macrotarsius</em>, and <em>Mytonius</em> as a valid genus distinct from <em>Ourayia</em>. Although <em>Diablomomys</em> and <em>Omomys</em> co-occur in the late Uintan of the Tornillo Basin, <em>Ourayia</em> and <em>Mytonius</em> are time-successive taxa with a wide distribution across multiple Laramide basins. The data presented here reinforce the conclusion that the Uintan was a time period in which omomyines diversified to include a large number of taxa with body masses above Kay's threshold and frugivorous–folivorous diets. These data also provide evidence that North American primate faunas exhibited a shifting pattern of regional endemism during the middle Eocene. By the early Uintan, primate faunas from Southern California were already quite distinct from primate faunas of the central Rocky Mountains or Trans-Pecos Texas. By the late Uintan, primate faunas in all three regions demonstrated greater provincialism, with Trans-Pecos Texas and Southern California both exhibiting a large number of endemic primate taxa and sharing only a single primate genus (<em>Macrotarsius</em>) in common. This increase in primate endemism across the Uintan may be tied to changes in paleohabitats associated with the larger trend toward decreasing temperatures from the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum to the Eocene/Oligocene transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 103425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did Early Pleistocene hominins control hammer strike angles when making stone tools?","authors":"Li Li ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Reeves ,&nbsp;Sam C. Lin ,&nbsp;David R. Braun ,&nbsp;Shannon P. McPherron","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the study of Early Pleistocene stone artifacts, researchers have made considerable progress in reconstructing the technical decisions of hominins by examining various aspects of lithic technology, such as reduction sequences, hammer selection, platform preparation, core management, and raw material selection. By comparison, our understanding of the ways in which Early Pleistocene hominins controlled the delivery and application of percussive force during flaking remains limited. In this study, we focus on a key aspect of force delivery in stone knapping, namely the hammerstone striking angle (or the angle of blow), which has been shown to play a significant role in determining the knapping outcome. Using a dataset consists of 12 Early Pleistocene flake assemblages dated from 1.95 Ma to 1.4 Ma, we examined temporal patterns of the hammer striking angle by quantifying the bulb angle, a property of the flake's Hertzian cone that reflects the hammer striking angle used in flake production. We further included a Middle Paleolithic flake assemblage as a point of comparison from a later time period. In the Early Pleistocene dataset, we observed an increased association between the bulb angle and other flake variables related to flake size over time, a pattern similarly found in the Middle Paleolithic assemblage. These findings suggest that, towards the Oldowan–Acheulean transition, hominins began to systematically adjust the hammer striking angle in accordance with platform variables to detach flakes of different sizes more effectively, implying the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the angle of blow in flake formation by ∼1.5 Ma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 103427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stratigraphy and formation of Middle Stone Age deposits in Cave 1B, Klasies River Main site, South Africa, with implications for the context, age, and cultural association of the KRM 41815/SAM-AP 6222 human mandible","authors":"Peter Morrissey ,&nbsp;Susan M. Mentzer ,&nbsp;Sarah Wurz","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cave 1B, in the Klasies River Main site complex (KRM), is best known for the recovery of the KRM 41815/SAM-AP 6222 human mandible. After initial skepticism over the modernity of this specimen, it is accepted that the mix of archaic and modern traits it displays is characteristic of early <em>Homo sapiens</em> individuals. Different authors have associated this specimen with the Middle Stone Age (MSA) I and II/Mossel Bay cultural phases, but the published data do not allow an unambiguous attribution. KRM 41815's frequent use in studies of the evolution of the human mandible, and its well-developed chin, makes clarifying its age and context important objectives. The field and micromorphology observations presented here provide greater insight into the stratigraphy and formation of the sequence exposed in the PP38 excavation. There are three major divisions: the basal Light Brown Sand (LBS) Member (not excavated), the Rubble Sand (RS) Member (MSA I), and the Shell and Sand Dark Carbonized (SASDC) Submember (MSA II). Cultural stratigraphy based on lithic artifacts remains the only way to make secure (but broad) temporal correlations with the rest of the site complex. This investigation shows that a range of anthropogenic, geogenic, and biogenic processes contributed to the deposition and post-depositional alteration of the identified microfacies. Short depositional hiatuses are reasonably common, and a significant hiatus was identified between the RS and SASDC. The impact of post-depositional processes on the RS is significant, with anthropogenic deposits poorly preserved. In comparison, the SASDC is dominated by hearths contained within deposits rich in reworked anthropogenic materials known as carbonized partings. Small shell disposal features are also present. The distribution of these anthropogenic features suggests continuity in the management of space throughout the MSA II occupations, from before 110 ka. New stratigraphic correlations indicate that KRM 41815 is unambiguously associated with the MSA I. Therefore, it predates 110 ka, with a lower age limit potentially in Marine Isotope Stage 6.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 103414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10518886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural properties of the Late Pleistocene Liujiang femoral diaphyses from southern China","authors":"Pianpian Wei ,&nbsp;Marine Cazenave ,&nbsp;Yuhao Zhao ,&nbsp;Song Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The characterization of the femoral diaphysis in Pleistocene hominins with chronoecogeographical diversity plays a crucial role in evaluating evolutionary shifts in locomotor behavior and body shape. However, Pleistocene hominin fossil remains in East Asia are scarce and are widely dispersed temporally and spatially, impeding our comprehension of the nature and polarity of morphological trends. Here, we present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the cross-sectional properties and structural organization of diaphyses in two Late Pleistocene hominin femora (Liujiang PA91 and PA92) from southern China, comparing them to other Eurasian and African Pleistocene hominins. By integrating surface features and internal structure, our findings reveal that the Liujiang femora exhibit modern human-like characteristics, including a developed pilaster, a gluteal buttress, and minimum mediolateral breadth located at the midshaft. The presence of a femoral pilaster may relate to posterior cortical reinforcement and an increased anteroposterior bending rigidity along the mid-proximal to mid-distal portion of the diaphysis. Compared to archaic <em>Homo</em>, Liujiang and other Late Pleistocene modern human femora show a thinner mediolateral cortex and lower bending rigidity than the anteroposterior axis, and a lack of medial buttress, potentially indicating functionally related alterations in a range of pelvic and proximal femoral features throughout the Pleistocene. The femoral robusticity of the Liujiang individual resembles that of other Pleistocene hunter–gatherers from East Asia, implying comparable overall mobility or activity levels. The investigation of Liujiang femoral diaphyseal morphology contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of early modern human postcranial structural morphology in East Asia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 103424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41123758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of outgroup selection in the phylogenetic inference of hominoids and fossil hominins","authors":"Nicholas W. Post ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Gilbert ,&nbsp;Kelsey D. Pugh ,&nbsp;Carrie S. Mongle","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among hominins and other hominoid species is critical to the study of human origins. However, phylogenetic inferences are dependent on both the character data and taxon sampling used. Previous studies of hominin phylogenetics have used </span><span><em>Papio</em></span> and <span><em>Colobus</em></span> as outgroups in their analyses; however, these extant monkeys possess many derived traits that may confound the polarities of morphological changes among living apes and hominins. Here, we consider <em>Victoriapithecus</em> and <em>Ekembo</em> as more suitable outgroups. Both <em>Victoriapithecus</em> and <em>Ekembo</em> are anatomically well known and are widely accepted as morphologically primitive stem cercopithecoid and hominoid taxa, respectively, making them more appropriate for inferring polarity for later-occurring hominoid- and hominin-focused analyses. Craniodental characters for both taxa were scored and then added to a previously published matrix of fossil hominin and extant hominoid taxa, replacing outgroups <em>Papio</em> and <em>Colobus</em> over a series of iterative analyses using both parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Neither the addition nor replacement of outgroup taxa changed tree topology in any analysis. Importantly, however, bootstrap support values and posterior probabilities for nodes supporting their relationships generally increased compared to previous analyses. These increases were the highest at extant hominoid and basal hominin nodes, recovering the molecular ape phylogeny with considerably higher support and strengthening the inferred relationships among basal hominins. Interestingly, however, the inclusion of both extant and fossil outgroups reduced support for the crown hominid node. Our findings suggest that, in addition to improving character polarity estimation, including fossil outgroups generally strengthens confidence in relationships among extant hominoid and basal hominins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the internal structure of the suprainiac fossa in Xuchang 2","authors":"Yameng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Acheulean occupations at Montagu Cave and the pattern of Middle Pleistocene behavioral change in Western Cape, southern Africa","authors":"Will Archer ,&nbsp;Darya Presnyakova ,&nbsp;Vera Aldeias ,&nbsp;Debra Colarossi ,&nbsp;Louisa Hutten ,&nbsp;Tobias Lauer ,&nbsp;Guillaume Porraz ,&nbsp;Lloyd Rossouw ,&nbsp;Matthew Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Patterns of so-called modern human behavior are increasingly well documented in an abundance of Middle Stone Age archaeological sites across southern Africa. Contextualized archives directly preceding the southern African Middle Stone Age, however, remain scarce. Current understanding of the terminal Acheulean in southern Africa derives from a small number of localities that are predominantly in the central and northern interior. Many of these localities are surface and deflated contexts, others were excavated prior to the availability of modern field documentation techniques, and yet other relevant assemblages contain low numbers of characteristic artifacts relative to volume of excavated deposit. The site of Montagu Cave, situated in the diverse ecosystem of the Cape Floral Region, South Africa, contains the rare combination of archaeologically rich, laminated and deeply stratified Acheulean layers followed by a younger Middle Stone Age occupation. Yet little is known about the site owing largely to a lack of contextual information associated with the early excavations. Here we present renewed excavation of Levels 21–22 at Montagu Cave, located in the basal Acheulean sequence, including new data on site formation and ecological context, geochronology, and technological variability. We document intensive occupation of the cave by Acheulean tool-producing hominins, likely at the onset of interglacial conditions in MIS 7. New excavations at Montagu Cave suggest that, while Middle Stone Age technologies were practiced by 300 ka in several other regions of Africa, the classic Acheulean persisted later in the </span>Fynbos<span> Biome of the southwestern Cape. We discuss the implications of this regionalized persistence for the biogeography of African later Middle Pleistocene hominin populations, for the ecological drivers of their technological systems, and for the pattern and pace of behavioral change just prior to the proliferation of the southern African later Middle Stone Age.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic attribution of the KNM-ER 1500 partial skeleton from the Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, Kenya","authors":"Carol V. Ward ,&nbsp;Ashley S. Hammond ,&nbsp;Frederick E. Grine ,&nbsp;Carrie S. Mongle ,&nbsp;Julie Lawrence ,&nbsp;William H. Kimbel","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Paranthropus boisei</em><span> is well represented in the eastern African fossil record by craniodental remains, but very few postcranial fossils can be securely attributed to this taxon. For this reason, KNM-ER 1500 from East Turkana, Kenya, is especially important. KNM-ER 1500 is a badly weathered and fragmented postcranial skeleton associated with a small piece of mandibular corpus. It derives from the Burgi Member, which has yielded diagnostic craniodental fossils attributable to </span><em>P. boisei</em>, <em>Homo habilis</em>, <em>Homo rudolfensis</em> and <em>Homo erectus</em>. Although it has been proposed that KNM-ER 1500 may be attributable to <em>P. boisei</em> based on the small mandibular fragment, this hypothesis remained challenging to test. Here we re-examine the preserved portions of KNM-ER 1500 and reassess support for its taxonomic attribution. There are compelling features of the mandible, proximal femur, and especially the proximal radius that support attribution of KNM-ER 1500 to <em>P. boisei</em>. These features include the absolute width of the mandible and its lack of a lateral intertoral sulcus, an anteroposteriorly compressed femoral neck with a distinctive posteroinferior marginal ridge, the rim of the radial head that is proximodistally uniform in thickness around its circumference, and a long radial neck that is elliptical in cross section. No feature serves to align KNM-ER 1500 with <em>Homo</em> to the exclusion of <em>Paranthropus</em>. KNM-ER 1500 was a small-bodied individual and attributing this specimen to <em>P. boisei</em><span> confirms that significant postcranial-size dimorphism was present in this species.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Blombos Cave evidence supports a multistep evolutionary scenario for the culturalization of the human body","authors":"Francesco d'Errico ,&nbsp;Karen Loise van Niekerk ,&nbsp;Lila Geis ,&nbsp;Christopher Stuart Henshilwood","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of technologies to culturally modify the appearance of the human body is a debated issue, with earliest evidence consisting of perforated marine shells dated between 140 and 60 ka at archaeological sites from Africa and western Asia. In this study, we submit unpublished marine and estuarine gastropods from Blombos Cave Middle Stone Age layers to taxonomic, taphonomic, technological, and use-wear analyses. We show that unperforated and naturally perforated eye-catching shells belonging to the species <em>Semicassis zeylanica</em>, <span><em>Conus</em><em> tinianus</em></span>, and another <em>Conus</em> species, possibly <em>Conus algoensis</em>, were brought to the cave between 100 and 73 ka. At ca. 70 ka, a previously unrecorded marine gastropod, belonging to the species <em>Tritia ovulata</em>, was perforated by pecking and was worn as an ornamental object, isolated or in association with numerous intentionally perforated shells of the species <span><em>Nassarius</em><em> kraussianus.</em></span> Fluctuations in sea level and consequent variations in the site-to-shoreline distances and landscape modifications during the Middle Stone Age have affected the availability of marine shells involved in symbolic practices. During the M3 and M2 Lower phases, with a sea level 50 m lower, the site was approximately 3.5 km away from the coast. In the later M2 Upper and M1 phases, with a sea level at −60 m, the distance increased to about 5.7 km. By the end of the M1 phase, when the site was abandoned, Blombos Cave was situated 18–30 km from the shoreline. We use the new Blombos evidence and a review of the latest findings from Africa and Eurasia to propose a testable ten-step evolutionary scenario for the culturalization of the human body with roots in the deep past.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}