Journal of Human Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Conserved patterns and locomotor-related evolutionary constraints in the hominoid vertebral column","authors":"Catalina I. Villamil ,&nbsp;Emily R. Middleton","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of the hominoid lineage is characterized by pervasive homoplasy, notably in regions such as the vertebral column, which plays a central role in body support and locomotion. Few isolated and fewer associated vertebrae are known for most fossil hominoid taxa, but identified specimens indicate potentially high levels of convergence in terms of both form and number. Homoplasy thus complicates attempts to identify the anatomy of the last common ancestor of hominins and other taxa and stymies reconstructions of evolutionary scenarios. One way to clarify the role of homoplasy is by investigating constraints via phenotypic integration, which assesses covariation among traits, shapes evolutionary pathways, and itself evolves in response to selection. We assessed phenotypic integration and evolvability across the subaxial (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) vertebral column of macaques (<em>n</em> = 96), gibbons (<em>n</em> = 77), chimpanzees (<em>n</em> = 92), and modern humans (<em>n</em> = 151). We found a mid-cervical cluster that may have shifted cranially in hominoids, a persistent thoracic cluster that is most marked in chimpanzees, and an expanded lumbosacral cluster in hominoids that is most expanded in gibbons. Our results highlight the highly conserved nature of the vertebral column. Taxa appear to exploit existing patterns of integration and ontogenetic processes to shift, expand, or reduce cluster boundaries. Gibbons appear to be the most highly derived taxon in our sample, possibly in response to their highly specialized locomotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trabecular bone volume fraction in Holocene and Late Pleistocene humans","authors":"Caroline Cartwright ,&nbsp;Anna Ragni ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Hublin ,&nbsp;Habiba Chirchir","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research suggests that recent modern humans have gracile skeletons in having low trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and that gracilization of the skeleton occurred in the last 10,000 years. This has been attributed to a reduction in physical activity in the Holocene. However, there has been no thorough sampling of BV/TV in Pleistocene humans due to limited access to high resolution images of fossil specimens. Therefore, our study investigates the gracilization of BV/TV in Late Pleistocene humans and recent (Holocene) modern humans to improve our understanding of the emergence of gracility. We used microcomputed tomography to measure BV/TV in the femora, humeri and metacarpals of a sample of Late Pleistocene humans from Dolní Věstonice (Czech Republic, ∼26 ka, <em>n</em> = 6) and Ohalo II (Israel, ∼19 ka, <em>n</em> = 1), and a sample of recent humans including farming groups (<em>n</em> = 39) and hunter-gatherers (<em>n</em> = 6). We predicted that 1) Late Pleistocene humans would exhibit greater femoral and humeral head BV/TV compared with recent humans and 2) among recent humans, metacarpal head BV/TV would be greater in hunter-gatherers compared with farmers. Late Pleistocene humans had higher BV/TV compared with recent humans in both the femur and humerus, supporting our first prediction, and consistent with previous findings that Late Pleistocene humans are robust as compared to recent humans. However, among recent humans, there was no significant difference in BV/TV in the metacarpals between the two subsistence groups. The results highlight the similarity in BV/TV in the hand of two human groups from different geographic locales and subsistence patterns and raise questions about assumptions of activity levels in archaeological populations and their relationships to trabecular BV/TV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and phylogenetic correlates of limb length proportions in extant apes and monkeys: Implications for interpreting hominin fossils","authors":"Vance C.R. Powell ,&nbsp;W. Andrew Barr ,&nbsp;Ashley S. Hammond ,&nbsp;Bernard A. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The body proportions of extant animals help inform inferences about the behaviors of their extinct relatives, but relationships between body proportions, behavior, and phylogeny in extant primates remain unclear. Advances in behavioral data, molecular phylogenies, and multivariate analytical tools make it an opportune time to perform comprehensive comparative analyses of primate traditional limb length proportions (e.g., intermembral, humerofemoral, brachial, and crural indices), body size-adjusted long bone proportions, and principal components. In this study we used a mix of newly-collected and published data to investigate whether and how the limb length proportions of a diverse sample of primates, including monkeys, apes, and modern humans, are influenced by behavior and phylogeny. We reconfirm that the intermembral index, followed by the first principal component of traditional limb length proportions, is the single most effective variable distinguishing hominoids and other anthropoids. Combined limb length proportions and positional behaviors are strongly correlated in extant anthropoid groups, but phylogeny is a better predictor of limb length proportion variation than of behavior. We confirm convergences between members of the Atelidae and extant apes (especially <em>Pan</em>), members of the Hylobatidae and <em>Pongo</em>, and a potential divergence of <em>Presbytis</em> limb proportions from some other cercopithecoids, which correlate with adaptations for forelimb-dominated behaviors in some colobines. Collectively, these results substantiate hypotheses indicating that extinct hominins and other hominoid taxa can be distinguished by analyzing combinations of their limb length proportions at different taxonomic levels. From these results, we hypothesize that fossil skeletons characterized by notably disparate limb length proportions are unlikely to have exhibited similar behavioral patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex estimation of the adult Neandertal Regourdou 1 (Montignac, France): Implications for sexing human fossil remains","authors":"Rebeka Rmoutilová ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Brůžek ,&nbsp;Asier Gómez-Olivencia ,&nbsp;Stéphane Madelaine ,&nbsp;Christine Couture-Veschambre ,&nbsp;Trenton Holliday ,&nbsp;Bruno Maureille","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sex is a biological trait fundamental to the study of hominin fossils. Among the many questions that can be addressed are those related to taxonomy, biological variability, sexual dimorphism, paleoobstetrics, funerary selection, and paleodemography. While new methodologies such as paleogenomics or paleoproteomics can be used to determine sex, they have not been systematically applied to Pleistocene human remains due to their destructive nature. Therefore, we estimated sex from the coxal bone of the newly discovered pelvic remains of the Regourdou 1 Neandertal (Southwest France, MIS 5) based on morphological and metric data employing two methods that have been recently revised and shown to be reliable in multiple studies. Both methods calculate posterior probabilities of the estimate. The right coxal bone of Regourdou 1 was partially reconstructed providing additional traits for sex estimation. These methods were cross validated on 14 sufficiently preserved coxal bones of specimens from the Neandertal lineage. Our results show that the Regourdou 1 individual, whose postcranial skeleton is not robust, is a male, and that previous sex attributions of comparative Neandertal specimens are largely in agreement with those obtained here. Our results encourage additional morphological research of fossil hominins in order to develop a set of methods that are applicable, reliable, and reproducible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 103470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140308909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming Homo erectus: A review","authors":"Eduard Pop ,&nbsp;Sofwan Noerwidi ,&nbsp;Fred Spoor","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Following the discovery of hominin fossils at Trinil (Java, Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892, Eugène Dubois named a new species, now known as <em>Homo erectus</em>. Although the main historical events are well-known, there appears to be no consensus regarding two important aspects of the naming of the species, including what constitutes the original publication of the name, and what is the name-bearing type specimen. These issues are addressed in this paper with reference to original sources and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Our review confirms earlier studies that cite the published quarterly fieldwork report covering the 3rd quarter of 1892 as the original publication naming the species <em>erectus</em>. However, until recently, the correct publication year of 1893 has consistently been cited as 1892, and it has rarely been recognized that the author of the publication was anonymous, even though the author of the species is specifically named. Importantly, Dubois assigns all three hominin fossils found at Trinil up to that moment to the new species, explicitly stating that they belong to a single individual. The three fossils, a molar, a calotte, and a femur, therefore jointly constitute the original holotype. However, the femur most likely derives from younger strata than the other hominins and shows fully modern human-like morphology, unlike subsequently discovered <em>H. erectus</em> femora. Moreover, there is no consensus over the affinities of the molar, and if it is <em>H. erectus</em> rather than an extinct ape, there is no evidence that it belongs to the same individual as the calotte. Excluding these two fossils from the holotype, the calotte is the appropriate fossil to retain the role as name-bearing specimen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000241/pdfft?md5=955372a302190d944f1777935c32710c&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the bony labyrinth of Xujiayao 6","authors":"Yameng Zhang ,&nbsp;Alessandro Urciuoli ,&nbsp;Clément Zanolli ,&nbsp;Ottmar Kullmer ,&nbsp;Xiujie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 103514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000228/pdfft?md5=af92ccbc202622a02001c323c0409a62&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan: Insights on human hunting behavior during the Early Upper Paleolithic","authors":"Jamie L. Clark ,&nbsp;Gideon Hartman ,&nbsp;Liv Nilsson-Stutz ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Stutz","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a corridor for population movement out of Africa, the southern Levant is a natural laboratory for research exploring the dynamics of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition. Yet, the number of well-preserved sites dating to the initial millennia of the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP; ∼45–30 ka) remains limited, restricting the resolution at which we can study the biocultural and techno-typological changes evidenced across the transition. With EUP deposits dating to 45–39 ka cal BP, Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan, offers a key opportunity to expand our understanding of EUP lifeways in the southern Levant. Mughr el-Hamamah is particularly noteworthy for its large faunal assemblage, representing the first such assemblage from the Jordan Valley. In this paper, we present results from taxonomic and taphonomic analyses of the EUP fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah. Given broader debates about shifts in human subsistence across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition, we also assess evidence for subsistence intensification, focusing especially on the exploitation of gazelle and the use of small game. Taphonomic data suggest that the fauna was primarily accumulated by human activity. Ungulates dominate the assemblage; gazelle (<em>Gazella</em> sp.) is the most common taxa, followed by fallow deer (<em>Dama mesopotamica</em>) and goat (<em>Capra</em> sp.). Among the gazelle, juveniles account for roughly one-third of the sample. While the focus on gazelle and the frequency of juveniles are consistent with broader regional trends, evidence for the regular exploitation of marrow from gazelle phalanges suggests that the EUP occupants of Mughr el-Hamamah processed gazelle carcasses quite intensively. Yet, the overall degree of dietary intensification appears low—small game is rare and evidence for human capture of this game is more equivocal. As a whole, our results support a growing body of data showing gradual shifts in animal exploitation strategies across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 103518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the lack of articular ends at the Middle Pleistocene site of Qesem Cave, Israel","authors":"Ruth Blasco ,&nbsp;Jordi Rosell ,&nbsp;Ella Assaf ,&nbsp;Ran Barkai ,&nbsp;Avi Gopher","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biased skeletal part representation is a key element for making inferences about transport decisions, carcass procurement, and use patterns in anthropogenic accumulations. In the absence of destructive taphonomic processes, it is often assumed that the abundance of different anatomical portions represents selective transport and discard patterns of human groups. Because body parts may be transported for specific products such as meat, marrow or grease, a pattern that usually attracts attention in many archaeological sites is the low proportions of appendicular epiphyses. Here we present the case of faunal assemblages from the lower stratigraphic sequence of Qesem Cave, Israel, dated to ca. 430 to 300 ka. All bone accumulations are characterized by a biased skeletal profile including mainly long-limb bones and a virtual absence of epiphyses. The assemblages also show density-mediated attrition not linked to fossil-diagenetic processes, a targeted specific destruction to the most greasy articular ends and an almost total absence of carnivore intervention. Our goal here is to explore the processes that entail the destruction of appendicular epiphyses at Qesem Cave, as well as propose viable hypotheses to explain their underrepresentation on-site. Our results shed light on the domestic activities linked to the processing of bones at the site and support the importance of animal grease in the caloric intake of Middle Pleistocene humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 103509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000174/pdfft?md5=856105fda451bc5b3c1ffb57692ae4ba&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis of Neanderthal and early Homo sapiens maxillary central incisor","authors":"Ali Najafzadeh ,&nbsp;María Hernaiz-García ,&nbsp;Stefano Benazzi ,&nbsp;Bernard Chen ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Hublin ,&nbsp;Ottmar Kullmer ,&nbsp;Ariel Pokhojaev ,&nbsp;Rachel Sarig ,&nbsp;Rita Sorrentino ,&nbsp;Antonino Vazzana ,&nbsp;Fiorenza Luca","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neanderthal anterior teeth are very large and have a distinctive morphology characterized by robust ‘shovel-shaped’ crowns. These features are frequently seen as adaptive responses in dissipating heavy mechanical loads resulting from masticatory and non-masticatory activities. Although the long-standing debate surrounding this hypothesis has played a central role in paleoanthropology, is still unclear if Neanderthal anterior teeth can resist high mechanical loads or not. A novel way to answer this question is to use a multidisciplinary approach that considers together tooth architecture, dental wear and jaw movements. The aim of this study is to functionally reposition the teeth of Le Moustier 1 (a Neanderthal adolescent) and Qafzeh 9 (an early <em>Homo sapiens</em> adolescent) derived from wear facet mapping, occlusal fingerprint analysis and physical dental restoration methods. The restored dental arches are then used to perform finite element analysis on the left central maxillary incisor during edge-to-edge occlusion. The results show stress distribution differences between Le Moustier 1 and Qafzeh 9, with the former displaying higher tensile stress in enamel around the lingual fossa but lower concentration of stress in the lingual aspect of the root surface. These results seem to suggest that the presence of labial convexity, lingual tubercle and of a large root surface in Le Moustier 1 incisor helps in dissipating mechanical stress. The absence of these dental features in Qafzeh 9 is compensated by the presence of a thicker enamel, which helps in reducing the stress in the tooth crown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 103512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000204/pdfft?md5=259043e52165605c8d632822f37efe43&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam: William Lee Jungers, Jr.","authors":"Laurie R. Godfrey ,&nbsp;Liza J. Shapiro ,&nbsp;Christine E. Wall ,&nbsp;Roshna E. Wunderlich","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 103515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724842400023X/pdfft?md5=a6bb734e5eb0480287c60a121f34de1e&pid=1-s2.0-S004724842400023X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}