Hailay G. Reda , Stephen R. Frost , Evan A. Simons , Jay Quade , Scott W. Simpson
{"title":"上新世加利利地层(埃塞俄比亚)栉齿科化石的描述和分类评估","authors":"Hailay G. Reda , Stephen R. Frost , Evan A. Simons , Jay Quade , Scott W. Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103508","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mount Galili Formation in the Afar region, Ethiopia, samples a critical time in hominin evolution, 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, documenting the last appearance of <em>Ardipithecus</em> and the origin of <em>Australopithecus.</em> This period is also important in the evolution of cercopithecids, especially the origin of <em>Theropithecus</em> in general and <em>Theropithecus oswaldi</em> lineage in particular. Galili has provided a total of 655 cercopithecid specimens that include crania, mandibles, isolated teeth and postcrania. All the fossils were recovered from the Lasdanan (5.3–4.43 Ma), Dhidinley (4.43–3.9 Ma) and Shabeley Laag (∼3.92–3.8 Ma) Members. Here, we described and analyzed 362 fossils employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptions of the material were supplemented with dental metrics and cranial shape analysis using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Results indicate the presence of at least six cercopithecid taxa: <em>Theropithecus oswaldi serengetensis</em> (<em>n</em> = 28), <em>Theropithecus</em> sp. (<em>n</em> = 2), three non-<em>Theropithecus</em> papionin groups (<em>n</em> = 134) and one colobine-size group (<em>n</em> = 58). The <em>T. o</em>. <em>serengetensis</em> represents the earliest form of the lineage, documented from ∼3.9 Ma Galili sediments. The three Galili papionins include a smaller taxon, a medium-sized taxon comparable to <em>Pliopapio alemui</em> and a large papionin overlapping in size with <em>Soromandrillus</em>, <em>Gorgopithecus</em> and <em>Dinopithecus</em>. The majority of Galili colobines have closest affinities to <em>Kuseracolobus aramisi</em> and some overlap with other taxa. Papionins dominate the Galili cercopithecid collection, although colobines are still fairly common (approximately 25% of the sample). Thus, Galili sample is like Kanapoi (4.2–4.1 Ma) and Gona (5.2–3.9 Ma) localities but distinct from Aramis, suggesting paleoecological similarity to the former sites. On the other hand, <em>Theropithecus</em> is less abundant at Galili than geologically younger Hadar (3.4–3.2 Ma) and Woranso-Mille (3.8–3.6 Ma) sites. Whether this difference is due to sampling, time or landscape variation requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Description and taxonomic assessment of fossil Cercopithecidae from the Pliocene Galili Formation (Ethiopia)\",\"authors\":\"Hailay G. Reda , Stephen R. Frost , Evan A. Simons , Jay Quade , Scott W. Simpson\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103508\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The Mount Galili Formation in the Afar region, Ethiopia, samples a critical time in hominin evolution, 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, documenting the last appearance of <em>Ardipithecus</em> and the origin of <em>Australopithecus.</em> This period is also important in the evolution of cercopithecids, especially the origin of <em>Theropithecus</em> in general and <em>Theropithecus oswaldi</em> lineage in particular. Galili has provided a total of 655 cercopithecid specimens that include crania, mandibles, isolated teeth and postcrania. All the fossils were recovered from the Lasdanan (5.3–4.43 Ma), Dhidinley (4.43–3.9 Ma) and Shabeley Laag (∼3.92–3.8 Ma) Members. Here, we described and analyzed 362 fossils employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptions of the material were supplemented with dental metrics and cranial shape analysis using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Results indicate the presence of at least six cercopithecid taxa: <em>Theropithecus oswaldi serengetensis</em> (<em>n</em> = 28), <em>Theropithecus</em> sp. (<em>n</em> = 2), three non-<em>Theropithecus</em> papionin groups (<em>n</em> = 134) and one colobine-size group (<em>n</em> = 58). The <em>T. o</em>. <em>serengetensis</em> represents the earliest form of the lineage, documented from ∼3.9 Ma Galili sediments. The three Galili papionins include a smaller taxon, a medium-sized taxon comparable to <em>Pliopapio alemui</em> and a large papionin overlapping in size with <em>Soromandrillus</em>, <em>Gorgopithecus</em> and <em>Dinopithecus</em>. The majority of Galili colobines have closest affinities to <em>Kuseracolobus aramisi</em> and some overlap with other taxa. Papionins dominate the Galili cercopithecid collection, although colobines are still fairly common (approximately 25% of the sample). Thus, Galili sample is like Kanapoi (4.2–4.1 Ma) and Gona (5.2–3.9 Ma) localities but distinct from Aramis, suggesting paleoecological similarity to the former sites. On the other hand, <em>Theropithecus</em> is less abundant at Galili than geologically younger Hadar (3.4–3.2 Ma) and Woranso-Mille (3.8–3.6 Ma) sites. Whether this difference is due to sampling, time or landscape variation requires further investigation.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54805,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Human Evolution\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Human Evolution\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000162\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Human Evolution","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000162","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Description and taxonomic assessment of fossil Cercopithecidae from the Pliocene Galili Formation (Ethiopia)
The Mount Galili Formation in the Afar region, Ethiopia, samples a critical time in hominin evolution, 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, documenting the last appearance of Ardipithecus and the origin of Australopithecus. This period is also important in the evolution of cercopithecids, especially the origin of Theropithecus in general and Theropithecus oswaldi lineage in particular. Galili has provided a total of 655 cercopithecid specimens that include crania, mandibles, isolated teeth and postcrania. All the fossils were recovered from the Lasdanan (5.3–4.43 Ma), Dhidinley (4.43–3.9 Ma) and Shabeley Laag (∼3.92–3.8 Ma) Members. Here, we described and analyzed 362 fossils employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptions of the material were supplemented with dental metrics and cranial shape analysis using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Results indicate the presence of at least six cercopithecid taxa: Theropithecus oswaldi serengetensis (n = 28), Theropithecus sp. (n = 2), three non-Theropithecus papionin groups (n = 134) and one colobine-size group (n = 58). The T. o. serengetensis represents the earliest form of the lineage, documented from ∼3.9 Ma Galili sediments. The three Galili papionins include a smaller taxon, a medium-sized taxon comparable to Pliopapio alemui and a large papionin overlapping in size with Soromandrillus, Gorgopithecus and Dinopithecus. The majority of Galili colobines have closest affinities to Kuseracolobus aramisi and some overlap with other taxa. Papionins dominate the Galili cercopithecid collection, although colobines are still fairly common (approximately 25% of the sample). Thus, Galili sample is like Kanapoi (4.2–4.1 Ma) and Gona (5.2–3.9 Ma) localities but distinct from Aramis, suggesting paleoecological similarity to the former sites. On the other hand, Theropithecus is less abundant at Galili than geologically younger Hadar (3.4–3.2 Ma) and Woranso-Mille (3.8–3.6 Ma) sites. Whether this difference is due to sampling, time or landscape variation requires further investigation.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.