Journal of Human Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Adhesive technology based on biomass tar documents engineering capabilities in the African Middle Stone Age","authors":"Patrick Schmidt ,&nbsp;Armelle Charrié-Duhaut ,&nbsp;Edmund February ,&nbsp;Lyn Wadley","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The foragers of the southern African Middle Stone Age were among the first humans to adapt their environment and its resources to their needs. They heat-treated stone to alter its mechanical properties, transformed yellow colorants into red pigments and produced moldable adhesive substances from plants. Until now, only <em>Podocarpus</em> conifers have been identified as the botanical origin of Middle Stone Age adhesives. This is curious as these conifers do not produce sticky exudations that could be recognized as potential adhesives. To obtain an adhesive, tar must be made with a technical process based on fire. However, the nature of these technical processes has remained unknown, hampering our understanding of the meaning of this adhesive technology for the cultural evolution of early <em>Homo sapiens</em>. Here, we present the first evidence of a technique used for tar making in the Middle Stone Age. We created an experimental reference collection containing naturally available adhesives along manufactured tars from plants available in the Middle Stone Age and compared these to artifacts using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. We found that, in the Howiesons Poort at Sibhudu Cave, tar was made by condensation, an efficient above-ground process. Even more surprisingly, the condensation method was not restricted to <em>Podocarpus</em>. The inhabitants of Sibhudu also produced tar from the leaves of other plants. These tars were then used, either without further transformation or were processed into ochre-based compound adhesives, suggesting that people needed different moldable substances with distinct mechanical properties. This has important implications for our understanding of Middle Stone Age <em>H. sapiens</em>, portraying them as skilled engineers who used and transformed their resources in a knowledgeable way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 103578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000861/pdfft?md5=56468eee8d209e0832178202cfb2a349&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000861-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced limb integration characterizes primate clades with diverse locomotor adaptations","authors":"Jeffrey K. Spear","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hominoids exhibit a strikingly diverse set of locomotor adaptations—including knuckle-walking, brachiation, quadrumanuous suspension, and striding bipedalism—while also possessing morphologies associated with forelimb suspension. It has been suggested that changes in limb element integration facilitated the evolution of diverse locomotor modes by reducing covariation between serial homologs and allowing the evolution of a greater diversity of limb lengths. Here, I compare limb element integration in hominoids with that of other primate taxa, including two that have converged with them in forelimb morphology, <em>Ateles</em> and <em>Pygathrix</em>. <em>Ateles</em> is part of a clade that, such as hominoids, exhibits diverse locomotor adaptations, whereas <em>Pygathrix</em> is an anomaly in a much more homogeneous (in terms of locomotor adaptations) clade. I find that all atelines (and possibly all atelids), not just <em>Ateles</em>, share reduced limb element integration with hominoids. <em>Pygathrix</em> does not, however, instead resembling other members of its own family. Indriids also seem to have higher limb integration than apes, despite using their forelimbs and hindlimbs in divergent ways, although there is more uncertainty in this group due to poor sample size. These results suggest that reduced limb integration is characteristic of certain taxonomic groups with high locomotor diversity rather than taxa with specific, specialized locomotor adaptations. This is consistent with the hypothesis that reduced integration serves to open new areas of morphospace to those clades while suggesting that derived locomotion with divergent demands on limbs is not necessarily associated with reduced limb integration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 103567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse bone-calcium isotope compositions in Neandertals suggest different dietary strategies","authors":"Pierre-Jean Dodat ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Albalat ,&nbsp;Vincent Balter ,&nbsp;Christine Couture-Veschambre ,&nbsp;Maurice Hardy ,&nbsp;Juliette Henrion ,&nbsp;Trenton Holliday ,&nbsp;Bruno Maureille","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zooarcheological and geochemical evidence suggests Neanderthals were top predators, but their adherence to a strictly carnivorous diet has been questioned. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of calcium-stable isotopes to evaluate trophic and ecological relationships. Here, we measure the δ^44/42Ca values in bone samples from Mousterian contexts at Grotte du Bison (Marine Isotope Stage 3, Yonne, France) and Regourdou (Marine Isotope Stage 5, Dordogne, France) in two new Neanderthal individuals, associated fauna, and living local plants. We use a Bayesian mixing model to estimate the dietary composition of these Neanderthal individuals, plus a third one already analyzed. The results reveal three distinct diets: a diet including accidental or voluntary consumption of bone-based food, an intermediate diet, and a diet without consumption of bone-based food. This finding is the first demonstration of diverse subsistence strategies among Neanderthals and as such, reconciles archaeological and geochemical dietary evidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 103566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New hominin dental remains from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)","authors":"Alessandro Riga ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Davies ,&nbsp;Beatrice Azzarà ,&nbsp;Giovanni Boschian ,&nbsp;Costantino Buzi ,&nbsp;Jackson S. Kimambo ,&nbsp;Giorgio Manzi ,&nbsp;Fidelis T. Masao ,&nbsp;Amon Mgimwa ,&nbsp;Happiness Nyambo ,&nbsp;Paul Tafforeau ,&nbsp;Wilson Jilala ,&nbsp;Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi ,&nbsp;Marco Cherin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 103556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000642/pdfft?md5=85b8d8d4fab4d0aeb43ca0072f7d4836&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental microwear and diets of mainland fossil Pongo from the Mid-Pleistocene of southern China","authors":"Yaobin Fan ,&nbsp;Leah K. Fehringer ,&nbsp;Wei Liao ,&nbsp;Hua Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Peter S. Ungar","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 103565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental remains of Plio–Pleistocene Cercopithecidae (Mammalia: Primates) from Romania","authors":"Cristina Stan ,&nbsp;Virgil Drăgușin ,&nbsp;Ștefan Vasile ,&nbsp;Márton Venczel ,&nbsp;Claire E. Terhune","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The superfamily Cercopithecoidea had a broad spatial distribution and occupied a wide variety of habitats across Europe from the Late Miocene until the Middle Pleistocene. Cercopithecines, such as macaques, showed more flexibility in habitat preferences, whereas colobines tended to be more sensitive to environmental differences. In Romania, only a few Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil sites have yielded primate remains. In this paper, we revise selected specimens previously listed in site reviews, and we describe several unpublished specimens from the Plio–Pleistocene fossil localities of Berești (Mammal Neogene [MN], MN14–MN15), Mălușteni (MN14), Ciuperceni-2 (MN15b), and Betfia (MN18). For each, we provide detailed descriptions, comparisons to other relevant material, and updated taxonomic assignments. We also present an updated biochronology and provide a paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on the taxonomic composition of the faunal assemblages described from these primate localities. The colobine monkey <em>Dolichopithecus ruscinensis</em>, from Berești, Mălușteni, and Ciuperceni-2, was present during the Early Pliocene in Romania. <em>Mesopithecus monspessulanus</em> is also known from Mălușteni, as is <em>Paradolichopithecus</em> sp. The Early Pleistocene site Betfia yielded a molar germ (in crypt; Betfia-XIII) and a deciduous premolar (Betfia-IX), both belonging to a <em>Macaca sylvanus</em> subspecies. <em>Macaca sylvanus</em> ssp. occurrences from Betfia-XIII and Betfia-IX offer an important perspective for understanding the chronostratigraphic range and geographic distribution of this species during the Early Pleistocene. The paleoenvironmental descriptions from Ciuperceni-2 show that primates were distributed in a mosaic habitat, with open and forested areas and a warm Mediterranean climate. This differs from Mălușteni, Berești, and Betfia, where a dry continental phase with an open landscape is inferred. Our review of paleoenvironmental conditions of Romanian primate localities provides a paleoecological framework for understanding the habitat preferences of extinct primates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 103544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New records of early Paleocene (earliest Torrejonian) plesiadapiforms from northeastern Montana, USA, provide a window into the diversification of stem primates.","authors":"Brody T Hovatter, Stephen G B Chester, Gregory P Wilson Mantilla","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plesiadapiforms (putative stem primates) appear in the fossil record shortly after the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary and subsequently radiated throughout the Paleocene into a taxonomically and ecomorphologically diverse group. The oldest known plesiadapiforms come from early Puercan (the oldest North American Land Mammal 'age' [NALMA] of the Cenozoic) deposits in northeastern Montana, and all records of Puercan plesiadapiforms are taxonomically restricted to members of the Purgatoriidae and the enigmatic genus Pandemonium. Plesiadapiform diversity substantially increased in the following Torrejonian NALMA, but the sparse record of faunas between the Puercan and the well-known middle and late Torrejonian has hampered our understanding of this important interval in early primate evolution. Here we report new plesiadapiform dental fossils from early Torrejonian (To1) deposits from the Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation in northeastern Montana that record several poorly known taxa including members of the Purgatoriidae, Paromomyidae and Pandemonium, and that document the largest and most diverse assemblage of To1 plesiadapiforms known. We describe a new species of the purgatoriid Ursolestes (Ursolestes blissorum, sp. nov.) that represents the largest plesiadapiform known from the early Paleocene and, among other taxa, provides additional evidence that the temporal range of purgatoriids extended into the Torrejonian. Large sample sizes of the oldest known paromomyid, Paromomys farrandi, allowed us to document intraspecific variability and one undescribed tooth locus. Our observations illuminate changes in dental morphology of some taxa that occurred in To1 and may inform the acquisition of certain diagnostic plesiadapiform dental characters. We evaluate plesiadapiform species richness, mean body mass and body-mass disparity through the Paleocene and reveal unrecognized levels of richness in To1 and a general trend of stable body mass and body-mass disparity. Our findings contribute to documented patterns of plesiadapiform provincialism in the early Paleocene and shed light on the early stages of their Torrejonian radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"103500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new primate community from the earliest Oligocene of the Atlantic margin of Northwest Africa: Systematic, paleobiogeographic, and paleoenvironmental implications","authors":"Laurent Marivaux ,&nbsp;Mohamed Benammi ,&nbsp;Lahssen Baidder ,&nbsp;Omar Saddiqi ,&nbsp;Sylvain Adnet ,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Charruault ,&nbsp;Rodolphe Tabuce ,&nbsp;Johan Yans ,&nbsp;Mouloud Benammi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report a new Paleogene primate community discovered in the uppermost part of the Samlat Formation outcropping on the continental shore of the Rio de Oro, east of the Dakhla peninsula (in the south of Morocco, near the northern border of Mauritania). Fossils consist of isolated teeth, which were extracted by wet screening of estuarine sediments (DAK C₂) dating from the earliest Oligocene (ca. 33.5 Ma). These dental remains testify to the presence of at least eight primate species, documenting distinct families, four of which are among the Anthropoidea (Oligopithecidae [<em>Catopithecus</em> aff. <em>browni</em>], Propliopithecidae [?<em>Propliopithecus</em> sp.], Parapithecidae [<em>Abuqatrania</em> cf. <em>basiodontos</em>], and Afrotarsiidae [<em>Afrotarsius</em> sp.]) and four in the Strepsirrhini (a Djebelemuridae [cf. ‘<em>Anchomomys</em>’ <em>milleri</em>], a Galagidae [<em>Wadilemur</em> cf. <em>elegans</em>], a possible lorisiform [<em>Orogalago saintexuperyi</em> gen. et sp. nov.], and a strepsirrhine of indeterminate affinities [<em>Orolemur mermozi</em> gen. et sp. nov.]). This record of various primates at Dakhla represents the first Oligocene primate community from Northwest Africa, especially from the Atlantic margin of that landmass. Considering primates plus rodents (especially hystricognaths), the taxonomic proximity at the generic (even specific) level between DAK C₂ (Dakhla) and the famous Egyptian fossil-bearing localities of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (Fayum Depression), either dating from the latest Eocene (L-41) or from the early Oligocene, suggests the existence of an east–west ‘trans-North African’ environmental continuum during the latest Eocene–earliest Oligocene time interval. The particularly diverse mammal fauna from DAK C₂, recorded within the time window of global climate deterioration characterizing the Eocene/Oligocene transition, suggests that this tropical region of northwest Africa was seemingly less affected, if at all, by the cooling and associated paleoenvironmental and biotic changes documented at that time or at least that the effects were delayed. The expected densely forested paleoenvironment bordering the western margin of North Africa at the beginning of the early Oligocene probably offered better tropical refugia than higher latitudes or more inland areas during the cooling episode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 103548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248424000563/pdfft?md5=ad5a4e4e501b80ebb652c149521b7522&pid=1-s2.0-S0047248424000563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of underground storage organs is associated with improved energetic status in a graminivorous primate","authors":"Rachel F. Perlman ,&nbsp;Jacinta C. Beehner ,&nbsp;Andreas Koenig ,&nbsp;Amy Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early hominin species likely had access to open, grassy habitats where periodic reliance on underground storage organs (USOs) is hypothesized to have played a crucial dietary role. As the only living graminivorous primate today, geladas (<em>Theropithecus gelada</em>) provide a unique perspective for understanding the energetic consequences of seasonal consumption of USOs. Geladas rely heavily on above-ground grasses throughout the year, but when grass is seasonally less available, they feed more on USOs. To assess whether USOs fit the definition of fallback foods (i.e., foods that are difficult to access, less preferred, or both), we examined how foraging effort (measured via time spent feeding and moving) and energetic status (measured via urinary C-peptide) fluctuated during seasonal dietary changes in a population of wild geladas in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. If, indeed, USOs are fallback foods, we predicted an increase in foraging effort and a decline in energetic status during the dry season, when geladas rely more heavily on USOs. We collected behavioral and physiological data from 13 adult gelada males across a 13-month period. As expected, we found that male geladas spent more time moving during drier months. However, counter to the hypothesis that USOs are fallback foods in geladas, urinary C-peptide concentrations were significantly higher during the dry season. We suggest that USOs may represent an energy-rich food item for geladas, but it remains unclear why USOs are not consumed year-round. Future work is needed to better understand seasonal variation in the availability, nutrient content, and digestibility of USOs. However, results indicate that exploiting USOs seasonally could have been a valuable dietary strategy for the evolutionary success of early hominins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 103545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ape partial postcranial skeleton (KNM-NP 64631) from the Middle Miocene of Napudet, northern Kenya","authors":"Gabrielle A. Russo ,&nbsp;Thomas C. Prang ,&nbsp;Faye R. McGechie ,&nbsp;Sharon Kuo ,&nbsp;Carol V. Ward ,&nbsp;Craig Feibel ,&nbsp;Isaiah O. Nengo","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An ape partial postcranial skeleton (KNM-NP 64631) was recovered during the 2015–2021 field seasons at Napudet, a Middle Miocene (∼13 Ma) locality in northern Kenya. Bony elements representing the shoulder, elbow, hip, and ankle joints, thoracic and lumbar vertebral column, and hands and feet, offer valuable new information about the body plan and positional behaviors of Middle Miocene apes. Body mass estimates from femoral head dimensions suggest that the KNM-NP 64631 individual was smaller-bodied (c. 13–17 kg) than some Miocene taxa from eastern Africa, including <em>Ekembo nyanzae,</em> and probably <em>Equatorius africanus</em> or <em>Kenyapithecus wickeri,</em> and was more comparable to smaller-bodied male <em>Nacholapithecus kerioi</em> individuals. Similar to many Miocene apes, the KNM-NP 64631 individual had hip and hallucal tarsometatarsal joints reflecting habitual hindlimb loading in a variety of postures, a distal tibia with a large medial malleolus, an inflated humeral capitulum, probably a long lumbar spine, and a long pollical proximal phalanx relative to femoral head dimensions. The KNM-NP 64631 individual departs from most Early Miocene apes in its possession of a more steeply beveled radial head and deeper humeral zona conoidea, reflecting enhanced supinating–pronating abilities at the humeroradial joint. The KNM-NP 64631 individual also differs from Early Miocene <em>Ekembo heseloni</em> in having a larger elbow joint (inferred from radial head size) relative to the mediolateral width of the lumbar vertebral bodies and a more asymmetrical talar trochlea, and in these ways recalls inferred joint proportions for, and talocrural morphology of, <em>N. kerioi</em>. Compared to most Early Miocene apes, the KNM-NP 64631 individual likely relied on more forelimb-dominated arboreal behaviors, perhaps including vertical climbing (e.g., extended elbow, hoisting). Moreover, the Napudet ape partial postcranial skeleton suggests that an arboreally adapted body plan characterized by relatively large (here, based on joint size) forelimbs, but lacking orthograde suspensory adaptations, may not have been ‘unusual’ among Middle Miocene apes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 103519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}