José M. López-Rey , Daniel García-Martínez , Markus Bastir
{"title":"Shanidar 3 ‘rings the bell’: Virtual ribcage reconstruction and its implications for understanding the Neanderthal bauplan","authors":"José M. López-Rey , Daniel García-Martínez , Markus Bastir","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of the ribcage is fundamental to understanding hominin evolution. However, ribs and vertebrae are scarce in the fossil record. Although Neanderthals are one of the most represented and, therefore, one of the most studied fossil <em>Homo</em> species, it is controversial whether there is a standardized Neanderthal ribcage morphotype that could differ from modern humans. Hence, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to reconstruct and compare the Neanderthal ribcage of Shanidar 3 with another Neanderthal specimen, Kebara 2, and with 58 <em>Homo sapiens</em> individuals of worldwide distribution. Shape differences among the Neanderthal and <em>H. sapiens</em> ribcages were analyzed by a hierarchical cluster using the Euclidean distances among the permuted Procrustes distances between groups. Size differences between the Neanderthal and <em>H. sapiens</em> ribcages were examined using a permutation test on centroid size. To examine the potential for allometry, we performed a linear regression of Procrustes coordinates on centroid size of the sample, followed by a principal component analysis in form space. Our results show that Shanidar 3 has the ‘bell-shaped’ thorax typically described for Neanderthals. In fact, the shapes of both Shanidar 3 and Kebara 2 ribcages cluster apart from that of <em>H. sapiens</em>, being closer to cold-adapted individuals. The study of the centroid size supports similarities between Neanderthals and cold-adapted <em>H. sapiens</em> since significant size differences were found only between Neanderthals and temperate/tropical recent humans. The linear regression and principal component analysis showed an allometric relationship between ribcage size and shape, suggesting Neanderthals had larger and stockier ribcages than most <em>H. sapiens</em>, although they fall within the <em>H. sapiens</em> range of variation. Finally, ribcage similarities found between Shanidar 3 and Kebara 2, both inhabiting warm Levantine locations during the Upper Pleistocene, could challenge the conventional idea of a cold-adapted bauplan in Neanderthals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 103629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher C. Gilbert , Alejandra Ortiz , Kelsey D. Pugh , Christopher J. Campisano , Biren A. Patel , Ningthoujam Premjit Singh , John G. Fleagle , Rajeev Patnaik
{"title":"Additional analyses of stem catarrhine and hominoid dental morphology support Kapi ramnagarensis as a stem hylobatid","authors":"Christopher C. Gilbert , Alejandra Ortiz , Kelsey D. Pugh , Christopher J. Campisano , Biren A. Patel , Ningthoujam Premjit Singh , John G. Fleagle , Rajeev Patnaik","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil gibbons are exceedingly rare, with much of the hylobatid fossil record and, consequently, hylobatid evolutionary history remaining unknown. <em>Kapi ramnagarensis</em> was described as a stem hylobatid on the basis of an isolated lower right M<sub>3</sub> from ∼13.0–12.5 Ma deposits surrounding Ramnagar (J&K), India. This interpretation was recently challenged, with alternative hypotheses suggesting that it is instead a stem catarrhine or a strangely derived pliopithecoid that has converged on hylobatid morphology. A series of morphological features were said to distinguish <em>Kapi</em> from fossil and extant hylobatids; notably, however, none of these features were examined or compared using quantitative analyses. Here, we further examine the dental morphology of <em>Kapi</em>, providing quantitative analyses to critically evaluate the hypothesis that <em>Kapi</em> represents a stem catarrhine or pliopithecoid rather than a stem hylobatid. Results demonstrate that none of the claimed differences between <em>Kapi</em> and hylobatids hold up under closer scrutiny, and multivariate discriminant analyses taking size and shape into account strongly support <em>Kapi</em> as a hylobatid with high posterior probabilities. Although only represented by a single lower molar, <em>Kapi</em> remains the most compelling candidate for the earliest known hylobatid in the fossil record and thus likely documents the simultaneous arrival of lesser and great apes to Asia during the Middle Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 103628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliette Henrion , Bruno Maureille , Cédric Beauval , Nicolas Vanderesse , Jean-Jacques Hublin , Maurice Hardy
{"title":"The Grotte du Bison Neandertals (Arcy-sur-Cure, France)","authors":"Juliette Henrion , Bruno Maureille , Cédric Beauval , Nicolas Vanderesse , Jean-Jacques Hublin , Maurice Hardy","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Grotte du Bison, in Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France), yielded a large assemblage of 49 Neandertal remains from late Mousterian layers, offering critical insights for the study of Middle to Upper Paleolithic populations of Western Europe. Previous studies described the external morphology of 13 isolated teeth and a partial maxilla. Building on this previous work, the current study provides further descriptions and analyses of the remains, including one postcranial fragment, six cranial fragments, two maxillary fragments, and 40 isolated teeth. The dental remains are examined for a more detailed assessment of the metric and nonmetric variability of their external and internal morphologies. We focus our description on preservation, health status, and age at death, and we assess the minimum number of individuals. The dental variability is also compared to that of Middle and Upper Pleistocene hominins. Our results indicate that the collection represents at least nine to 17 individuals, comprising mostly children and adolescents. Five to seven pairings are identified based on shared dental traits, developmental criteria, such as perikymata and pitted hypoplasia, wear patterns, and taphonomic alterations. This collection exhibits characteristic Neandertal features, including occasionally markedly expressed traits (e.g., I<sup>1</sup> and P<sup>3</sup> ridging and tubercular expressions), as well as a homogenous expression of accessory structures (particularly for the molars). The highest morphological variability is observed on maxillary premolar roots, which display different stages of root fusion, mesially placed hypercementosis, and pulp cavity extension. This collection also reflects the morphological and behavioral diversity observed in the other Arcy-sur-Cure caves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 103631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre Linchamps , Emmanuelle Stoetzel , Laurie Amberny , Christine Steininger , Ronald J. Clarke , Matthew V. Caruana , Kathleen Kuman , Travis Rayne Pickering
{"title":"New modern and Pleistocene fossil micromammal assemblages from Swartkrans, South Africa: Paleobiodiversity, taphonomic, and environmental context","authors":"Pierre Linchamps , Emmanuelle Stoetzel , Laurie Amberny , Christine Steininger , Ronald J. Clarke , Matthew V. Caruana , Kathleen Kuman , Travis Rayne Pickering","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oldest deposit at the hominin-bearing cave of Swartkrans, South Africa, is the Lower Bank of Member 1, dated to ca. 2.2 million years ago. Excavations of this unit have produced a diverse and extensive mammalian fossil record, including <em>Paranthropus robustus</em> and early <em>Homo</em> fossils, along with numerous Oldowan stone tools. The present study focuses on the taxonomic analysis of the micromammalian fossil assemblage obtained from recent excavations of the Lower Bank, conducted between 2005 and 2010, as part of the Swartkrans Paleoanthropological Research Project. The taxonomic composition of this assemblage is dominated by <em>Mystromys</em>, a rodent indicative of grassland environments. Taphonomic analysis indicates an accumulation of prey by <em>Tyto alba</em> (Barn owl) or a related species. Environments inferred from this evidence reflect an open landscape primarily covered by grassland vegetation, but they also feature components of wooded areas, rocky outcrops, and the proximity of a river. The Swartkrans fossil assemblage is compared with Cooper's D (dated to ca. 1.4 Ma) and a modern coprocoenosis of <em>Bubo africanus</em> (spotted eagle-owl) collected within the Swartkrans cave for taxonomic, taphonomic, and paleoecological perspectives. Contrasting fossil and modern micromammalian data provide a better understanding of accumulation processes and facilitate a diachronic reconstruction of changes in climate and landscape evolution. Issues regarding paleoenvironmental reconstruction methodologies based on micromammals are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey D. Pugh , Julie A. Strain , Christopher C. Gilbert
{"title":"Reanalysis of Samburupithecus reveals similarities to nyanzapithecines","authors":"Kelsey D. Pugh , Julie A. Strain , Christopher C. Gilbert","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Samburupithecus kiptalami</em> is an ape found in Late Miocene deposits (ca. 9.5 Ma) of northern Kenya. Initial assessments of the holotype specimen (KNM-SH 8531), a female-gorilla-sized maxillary fragment preserving the postcanine tooth row, noted similarities to gorillas or to African apes more broadly. More recently, primitive features of the maxilla and dentition have been used to propose a stem hominoid position for <em>Samburupithecus</em>. In particular, <em>Samburupithecus</em> shares some dental features with orepithecids (nyanzapithecines and <em>Oreopithecus</em>). To evaluate these competing hypotheses, and investigate possible affinities to oreopithecids, we reanalyzed the dentition of <em>Samburupithecus</em> quantitatively and assessed qualitative dental and maxillary features shared by oreopithecids and <em>Samburupithecus</em>. Based on the results of our analyses, we suggest that <em>Samburupithecus</em> is a late-occurring African oreopithecid, which we regard as a long-lived family of stem hominoids. The inclusion of <em>Samburupithecus</em> within Oreopithecidae highlights that stem hominoids and oreopithecids, in particular, spanned a large range of body sizes, similar to the range of size variation seen among all extant apes. Finally, the presence of oreopithecids in Africa on either side of a notable gap in the Late Miocene African fossil record of apes (from ∼13 to 10 Ma) demonstrates that the rarity of fossil African apes (i.e., nonhominin hominines) during this period is likely due to sampling biases rather than a recent immigration back into Africa from Eurasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austin B. Lawrence , Ashley S. Hammond , Carol V. Ward
{"title":"Acetabular orientation, pelvic shape, and the evolution of hominin bipedality","authors":"Austin B. Lawrence , Ashley S. Hammond , Carol V. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hominin pelvic form differs dramatically from that of other primates by having more laterally facing iliac blades, a wider sacrum, and a larger, transversely broad pelvic inlet. The orientation of the acetabulum may also differ, plausibly related to differences in load transmission during upright posture and habitual bipedal locomotion, which may, in turn, affect overall pelvic geometry. We compared acetabular orientation in humans, a phylogenetically broad sample of extant anthropoid primates, and fossil hominins including <em>Australopithecus afarensis</em> (A.L. 288–1, KSD-VP-1/1)<em>, Australopithecus africanus</em> (Sts 14)<em>, Australopithecus sediba</em> (MH2)<em>,</em> and <em>Homo neanderthalensis</em> (Kebara 2). We measured the three-dimensional orientation of the acetabulum on in silico models of individual hipbones aligned to the median plane by registering models to landmark coordinates on articulated pelves. Humans and fossil hominins both possess significantly more ventrally opening acetabula than other extant anthropoids, which exhibit laterally facing acetabula. The orientation of the hominin acetabulum was essentially humanlike by at least 3.6 Ma, well before the appearance of other unique features in the pelvis of <em>Homo</em> that may be associated with long-distance walking or running, thermoregulation, parturition, and larger body size in this genus. These results suggest that the ventral orientation of the acetabulum is a key component in the suite of pelvic characteristics related to habitual bipedality in hominins and should be considered in future analyses of hominin pelvic morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of the SK 15 mandible based on bone and tooth structural organization","authors":"Clément Zanolli , Jean-Jacques Hublin , Ottmar Kullmer , Friedemann Schrenk , Lazarus Kgasi , Mirriam Tawane , Song Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hominin mandible SK 15 was discovered in April 1949 in Swartkrans Member 2, dated to ∼1.4 Ma. Albeit distorted on the right side, the left and right corpus of SK 15 are relatively low and thick, even compared to most Early to Middle Pleistocene <em>Homo</em> specimens. It preserves the left molar row and the right M<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>3</sub> that show a distalward increase in mesiodistal diameter. SK 15 was originally attributed to <em>Telanthropus capensis</em> but is now generally attributed to <em>Homo erectus/Homo ergaster</em>, even if it was previously suggested to possibly belong to <em>Australopithecus</em>. Similarities between SK 15 and <em>Homo naledi</em> mandible and tooth morphology were also claimed. To clarify the taxonomy of SK 15, we used X-ray microtomography to investigate aspects of bone and tooth structural organization. Geometric morphometric analyses of the dental arcade shape, mandible symphysis outline, and the M<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>3</sub> enamel-dentine junction shape were conducted. For mandibular symphysis shape, SK 15 exhibits an australopith signal, whereas for both the dental arcade and enamel-dentine junction analyses, the specimen is statistically classified as <em>Paranthropus</em>. Altogether, the results show that SK 15 unambiguously falls outside the variation of <em>H</em>. <em>erectus</em>/<em>H. ergaster</em> and that it is most compatible with the morphology of <em>Paranthropus</em>, albeit showing smaller dimensions and an absence of some dental morphological features (e.g., developed protostylid, distally tapering M<sub>3</sub>, short molar roots) typically found in specimens of <em>Paranthropus aethiopicus</em>, <em>Paranthropus boisei</em>, and <em>Paranthropus robustus</em>. In particular, SK 15 differs markedly in size and morphology from mandibular remains of <em>P. robustus</em> from Swartkrans Member 2. We thus tentatively attribute SK 15 to <em>Paranthropus capensis</em>, a more gracile species of <em>Paranthropus</em> than the other three currently recognized species of this genus and discuss the implications for the existence of another species of <em>Paranthropus</em> in southern Africa during the Early Pleistocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary E. Lewis , Jennifer C. French , Elena Rossoni-Notter , Olivier Notter , Abdelkader Moussous , Vitale Sparacello , Francesco Boschin , Stefano Ricci , April Nowell
{"title":"An assessment of puberty status in adolescents from the European Upper Paleolithic","authors":"Mary E. Lewis , Jennifer C. French , Elena Rossoni-Notter , Olivier Notter , Abdelkader Moussous , Vitale Sparacello , Francesco Boschin , Stefano Ricci , April Nowell","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood and adolescence are two life-history stages that are either unique to humans, or significantly expanded in the human life course relative to other primates. While recent studies have deepened our knowledge of childhood in the Upper Paleolithic, adolescence in this period remains understudied. Here, we use bioarchaeological maturational markers to estimate puberty status of 13 Upper Paleolithic adolescents from sites in Russia, Czechia, and Italy to 1) evaluate the feasibility of the application of bioarchaeological puberty assessment methods to Upper Paleolithic (<em>Homo sapiens</em>) skeletal individuals, 2) estimate the timing and tempo of puberty in Upper Paleolithic adolescents compared to other archaeological populations analyzed using the same method, and 3) characterize adolescence in the Upper Paleolithic by contextualizing the results of this puberty assessment with data on individual and population-level health, morbidity and burial practices. Our results revealed that while puberty had begun by 13.5 years of age for the majority of individuals, there was a lot of variability, with the adolescents from Arene Candide (AC1 and AC16), both aged around 16 years when they died, taking several years longer to progress through puberty than their peers. Assessing the age of menarche was challenging due to the paucity of female adolescents, but based on the available evidence, it appears to have occurred between 16 and 17 years of age. For some, full adulthood had been achieved by 17–22 years, similar to the patterns seen in modern wealthy countries and in advance of historic populations living in urbanized environments. The bioarchaeological analysis of puberty among Upper Paleolithic adolescents has important implications for the study of the emergence of adolescence within human-life histories, as well as for understanding the developmental plasticity of sexual maturation across past and present human populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Femoral neck cortical bone distribution in Nacholapithecus from the Middle Miocene of Kenya","authors":"Yuma Tomizawa , Marta Pina , Yasuhiro Kikuchi , Naoki Morimoto , Masato Nakatsukasa","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine Cazenave , Marta Pina , Ashley S. Hammond , Madelaine Böhme , David R. Begun , Nikolai Spassov , Alessandra Vecino Gazabón , Clément Zanolli , Aude Bergeret-Medina , Damiano Marchi , Roberto Macchiarelli , Bernard Wood
{"title":"Postcranial evidence does not support habitual bipedalism in Sahelanthropus tchadensis: A reply to Daver et al. (2022)","authors":"Marine Cazenave , Marta Pina , Ashley S. Hammond , Madelaine Böhme , David R. Begun , Nikolai Spassov , Alessandra Vecino Gazabón , Clément Zanolli , Aude Bergeret-Medina , Damiano Marchi , Roberto Macchiarelli , Bernard Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}