Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging最新文献

{"title":"Intrinsic capacity in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies compared with those with Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Marie Collin ,&nbsp;Justine Bonnet-Chateau ,&nbsp;Victor Gilles ,&nbsp;Sophie Dautricourt ,&nbsp;Thomas Gilbert ,&nbsp;Zaza Makaroff ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Coste ,&nbsp;Virginie Dauphinot ,&nbsp;Antoine Garnier-Crussard","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Intrinsic capacity (IC), the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual, has never been studied in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). As IC decline is associated with the risk of frailty, functional decline and disability and is potentially reversible after targeted interventions, a monitoring and specific management of IC decline in patients with DLB could promote healthy aging in this population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the frequency of IC decline in DLB and to compare it with AD.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A single-center cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This study was carried out in a memory clinic between 2015 and 2023 based on the MEMORA cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Patients with a diagnosis of AD or probable DLB and a comprehensive geriatric assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>IC was assessed according to the WHO model in 4 domains: vitality assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), locomotion assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), psychology assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale 4-items (GDS-4 items), and hearing assessed by the Hearing, Vision, Equilibrium and Cognition (HVEC) scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 798 patients (154 with probable DLB and 644 with AD) were included, and the mean age was 81.4 years (SD 6.33). Compared with AD patients, DLB patients had significantly more impaired IC in all domains, with greater risks of impaired vitality (odds ratio (OR) 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60–3.72), locomotion (OR 3.50, 95% CI 2.15–5.90), psychology (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.73–3.92) and hearing (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.53–3.49), according to the adjusted models. Similarly, when IC domains were considered linear variables, IC across all domains was significantly lower in the DLB group than in the AD group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study revealed that DLB patients presented a greater decrease in IC than did AD patients across all domains. In memory clinics, DLB patients could be offered systematic and early IC monitoring and personalized interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between physical activity and appetite among older adults — A scoping review","authors":"Annelie Turesson ,&nbsp;Philipe De Souto Barreto ,&nbsp;Margaretha Nydahl ,&nbsp;Afsaneh Koochek","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Appetite loss among older adults is common and may lead to malnutrition, reduced function and frailty. Regular physical activity may help regulate appetite and enhance overall wellbeing. However, evidence concerning the relationship between physical activity and appetite in older adults remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to examine the existing literature for the relationship between appetite and physical activity among older adults, contributing to the identification of existing research gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted using a block search strategy with keywords including physical activity, exercise, appetite, and older adults. Searches were performed in Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL on November 23, 2023. The inclusion criteria were: English language, human studies, population aged 55+ without severe disease, addressing both appetite and physical activity, original articles, and not qualitative studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1190 articles identified, 25 were included. Females comprised 52% of the participants and most studies focused on community-dwelling older adults, primarily in the US and northern Europe. Research design and methodologies varied widely. Of the 25 studies, 14 were cross-sectional studies, seven randomized controlled trials, three non-randomized controlled trials, and one longitudinal observational study. Associations between physical activity and appetite were found in a longitudinal observational study including 186 participants, two randomized trials involving higher-intensity exercise, all non-randomized studies, and 10 cross-sectional studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although an association between appetite and physical activity among older adults has been observed, the lack of randomized controlled trials limits conclusions regarding whether exercise can effectively regulate appetite in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sarcopenia index and the risk of second hip fracture in older adults","authors":"Longqing Yu ,&nbsp;Fupeng Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuping Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenhua Yan ,&nbsp;Mei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The sarcopenia index (SI), calculated as the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C level, represents skeletal muscle mass and strength. This study aimed to investigate the association between SI and the risk of second hip fractures, considering various demographic and clinical factors to improve second hip fracture risk prediction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included older adults with low-energy hip fractures who were monitored for at least two years to track the incidence of subsequent hip fractures. Baseline demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. The SI was calculated as serum creatinine [mg/dL]/cystatin C [mg/L]) × 100. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the SI and the risk of a second hip fracture. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects of potential modifiers, including gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive performance of SI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 637 patients were included, 59 of whom experienced a second hip fracture during the follow-up period. The patients with second hip fracture exhibited significantly lower SI levels than those without (48.93 ± 8.54 versus 62.95 ± 14.39, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between a lower muscle-reduction index and an increased risk of a second hip fracture in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.87–0.94; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for predicting a second hip fracture based on the SI was 0.822, indicating good predictive accuracy. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that SI was inversely associated with second hip fracture.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The SI serves as a significant predictor of second hip fractures in older adults, even after considering age, gender, and clinical factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between oral dryness and dysphagia in community-dwelling older population","authors":"Chenxi Ye ,&nbsp;Lancai Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaona He ,&nbsp;Qingwen Huang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Li ,&nbsp;Wenqing Wang ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Su ,&nbsp;Yanxin Chen ,&nbsp;Yinglu Lin ,&nbsp;Yufeng Qiu ,&nbsp;Baoxian Wang ,&nbsp;Mengling Tang ,&nbsp;Huafang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>There remains inconsistent recognition of the relationship between oral dryness and dysphagia. This study aimed to investigate whether the degree of oral dryness was related to the prevalence of dysphagia in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>A survey was conducted from March 9 to June 19, 2023, in the Futian community, Yiwu, China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>3325 older adults aged 65 and above were enrolled.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Oral dryness was evaluated by self-reported oral dryness and oral moisture instrument. Swallowing problems were screened using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 questionnaire (EAT-10) and 30-ml water swallowing test (WST). T-tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression were employed to measure the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of subjective oral dryness was 53.7%, with an average oral moisture level of 29.6 ± 2.0. Dysphagia was determined to have a prevalence of 7.7% and 9.5% according to EAT-10 and WST, respectively. Participants with dysphagia exhibited a heightened experience of dry mouth and lower oral moisture (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). The adjusted logistic regression model further suggested that both subjective (adjusted OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.46–2.72 for EAT-10) and objective (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.97 for EAT-10; adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84–0.93 for WST) measures of oral dryness were risk factors for dysphagia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The presence of oral dryness emerged as a significant risk factor for dysphagia, and the assessment of oral moisture proved to be more sensitive in identifying swallowing problems among older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between living conditions and plant-based dietary pattern on cognitive function: A 10-year cohort analysis of Chinese older adults","authors":"Jiaqi Zong ,&nbsp;Yueyang Wu ,&nbsp;Yelin Gu ,&nbsp;Li Kang ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Linlin Pan ,&nbsp;Jianlin Gao ,&nbsp;Yuexia Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with better cognitive function, whereas there has been limited research on the relationship between living conditions and cognitive function. This study aimed to examine these associations in older adults in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized a ten-year cohort of older adults, including 1630 participants aged 65 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), all of whom had normal cognition at baseline. Living conditions were categorized into three levels: good, fair, and poor, based on three factors: housing stability, economic stability, and personal space. A simplified food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the overall plant-based diet index (PDI). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The latent class trajectory modeling (LCTM) was applied to classify participants into two PDI types: high-rapid-decreasing PDI and low-stable-decreasing PDI. Binomial logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the associations, with further stratified analyses conducted by PDI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1630 participants, 48.53% were male, with a median age of 73 years [IQR (Interquartile Range): 69–79]. Living in fair or poor conditions was associated with an 86.0% (OR = 1.860, 95% CI: 1.235–2.798) and 206.1% (OR = 3.061, 95% CI: 1.826–5.131) increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, respectively, compared to those in good living conditions (reference group). The associations between living conditions and cognitive impairment were more pronounced in the “Low-stable-decreasing PDI” group (OR for poor vs good = 3.774, 95% CI: 1.745–8.161) than in the “High-rapid-decreasing PDI” group (OR for poor vs good = 2.344, 95% CI: 1.071–5.130).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A plant-based dietary pattern may help mitigate the negative effects of poor living conditions on cognitive function in older adults. Adhering to a plant-based dietary pattern may serve as an effective preventive strategy to safeguard cognitive health, especially among vulnerable populations exposed to adverse environmental factors, such as limited healthcare access or poor living conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal trajectories of disability index and associated factors in Chinese older adults","authors":"Huaxin Si ,&nbsp;Yemin Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Shi ,&nbsp;Yanshang Wang ,&nbsp;Ping He","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As the global population ages, understanding the trajectories of disability in older adults is crucial for improving health outcomes and quality of life. This study aimed to identify patterns of disability index trajectories and associated factors influencing these trajectories in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 3,227 older adults aged 60 years and older were recruited from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2018). We used group-based trajectory model to jointly estimate trajectories of disability index and attrition probability, while assessing baseline factors associated with the trajectory membership.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed four distinct trajectories of disability index: slightly limited-gradual deterioration (n = 1661, 51.5%), fluctuating change (n = 588, 18.2%), slightly limited-substantial deterioration (n = 397, 12.3%), and stable severely limited (n = 581, 18.0%). Women, unmarried, lower educational level, living in rural areas, no pension, comorbidity, poor self-rated health, a history of falls, short sleep duration, inadequate social activity, weakness, slowness, and poor chair standing were significantly associated with a higher probability of being in poorer disability index trajectories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the heterogeneity of disability index trajectories in older adults and the multifaceted factors that influence them. Our findings underscore the importance of targeting early prevention or intervention based on the determinants of these trajectories to individual needs to maintain or delay the rate of deterioration of disability in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of polysocial risk score, cardiovascular health status, and the risk of premature mortality: Findings from the UK Biobank","authors":"Wenqi Shen ,&nbsp;Lingli Cai ,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Jiang Li,&nbsp;Ying Sun,&nbsp;Ningjian Wang,&nbsp;Yingli Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evidence of the cumulative effects of social risk factors on premature mortality is quite limited. We aimed to examine the association between cumulative social risk factors and premature mortality by constructing a polysocial risk score, and to explore the influence of cardiovascular health on this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A polysocial risk score was constructed by summing 11 social determinants of health. A cardiovascular health (CVH) score was calculated following the algorithm of \"Life’s Essential 8”. Premature mortality was defined as death at an age younger than 75. Cox proportional hazards model was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 314,039 participants in the UK Biobank were included (median age 56.0 years, 53.1% women). During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 13,888 premature deaths were reported. Compared with participants who had a low polysocial risk score (≤3), participants with a high polysocial risk score (≥7) were more than twice as likely to die prematurely in the follow-up period (HR 2.18, 95% CI 2.06–2.30). Compared with participants with ideal CVH and low polysocial risk score, those with poor CVH and high polysocial risk score had the highest risk of premature mortality (HR 5.25, 95% CI 4.48–6.14). A significant interaction was found between CVH status and polysocial risk score on premature mortality risk (<em>P</em> for interaction &lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Polysocial risk score was associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, the association was exacerbated by poor CVH. Our findings indicate that limiting social inequities and encouraging people to achieve an ideal CVH are essential to reducing the burden of premature mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of cellular senescence predict risk of mild cognitive impairment: Results from the lifestyle interventions for elders (LIFE) study","authors":"Michelle M. Mielke ,&nbsp;Roger A. Fielding ,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Atkinson ,&nbsp;Zaira Aversa ,&nbsp;Marissa J. Schafer ,&nbsp;Steven R. Cummings ,&nbsp;Marco Pahor ,&nbsp;Christiaan Leeuwenburgh ,&nbsp;Nathan K. LeBrasseur","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100529","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cellular senescence, characterized by a marked and multifactorial senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), is a potential unifying mechanism of aging and chronic disease. Most studies of the SASP have focused on frailty and other functional outcomes. Senescent cells have been detected in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but few studies have examined associations between plasma SASP markers and cognition. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma SASP markers and mild cognitive impairment among older adults at high risk of mobility disability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Lifestyle Interventions for Elders (LIFE) study was a randomized controlled trial of a group-based physical activity program compared to a “successful aging” health education program to assess effects on major mobility disability that was conducted from February 2010 to December 2013.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Setting&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recruitment occurred at eight centers in the United States.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Participants&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We included 1,373 participants enrolled in the study with baseline measures of 27 biomarkers of cellular senescence and adjudication of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia at baseline and 24-month follow-up. At baseline, participants were aged 70–80, sedentary, and at high risk of mobility disability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A neuropsychological assessment was administered at baseline and 24 months post-randomization. At both timepoints, a clinical adjudication committee determined whether individuals had a diagnosis of cognitively normal, MCI, or dementia; individuals with dementia at baseline were excluded. The concentrations of 26 of the 27 plasma proteins identified as components of the SASP were measured with commercially available Luminex xMAP multiplex magnetic bead-based immunoassays analyzed on the MAGPIX System while 1 protein (Activin A) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of each senescence biomarker, in quartiles, with baseline or incident MCI. Models stratified by clinical site and adjusted for intervention assignment, age, gender, race, and education. Among 1,373 participants, 117 (8.5%) were diagnosed with MCI at baseline. Increasing quartiles of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was associated with higher odds of MCI compared to quartile 1 (Q2: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.74–2.45; Q3: OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.80–2.59; Q4: OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02–3.22). Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) quartiles 2–4 had lower odds of MCI compared to quartile 1 (Q2: OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.35–1.02; Q3: OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33−0.98; Q4: OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.37–1.08). Of the 1,256 cognitively unimpaired participants at baseline, 141 (11.2%) were diagnosed with incident MCI or dementia at the 24-month f","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids and a simple home exercise program on change in physical activity among generally healthy and active older adults: The 3-year DO-HEALTH trial","authors":"Kariem Hussein ,&nbsp;Melanie Kistler-Fischbacher ,&nbsp;Michèle Mattle ,&nbsp;Caroline De Godoi Rezende Costa Molino ,&nbsp;Li-Tang Tsai ,&nbsp;Reto W. Kressig ,&nbsp;E. John Orav ,&nbsp;José A.P. Da Sliva ,&nbsp;Bruno Vellas ,&nbsp;René Rizzoli ,&nbsp;Gabriele Armbrecht ,&nbsp;Egli Andreas ,&nbsp;Bess Dawson-Hughes ,&nbsp;Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari ,&nbsp;DO-HEALTH Research group","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Physical function and physical activity (PA) are key drivers of health and autonomy at older age. We examined the effects of supplemental vitamin D3, supplemental marine omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3s), and a simple home exercise program (SHEP), alone or in combination, on change in physical function and PA among generally healthy older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Multi-center, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, randomized controlled trial, follow-up of three years</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self-reported PA and physical function were pre-defined outcomes of the DO-HEALTH trial, which included older adults (≥70 years) free of major comorbidities. The interventions were vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d), marine omega-3s (1 g/d), and a SHEP (3 × 30 min/wk), applied alone or in combination in eight treatment arms. The outcomes were change in PA (self-reported total PA, metabolic equivalent [MET] h/wk) and physical function (five times sit-to-stand test, hand grip strength, gait speed) from baseline to 12, 24 and 36 months. Mixed effect models were used and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, prior fall, time and baseline level of the outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All 2157 DO-HEALTH participants (mean age 75 years; 83% physically active; 59% vitamin D3 replete) were included. Baseline PA was 75 MET h/wk. Participants receiving omega-3s versus no omega-3s and randomized to SHEP versus control exercise did not differ in PA change over 3 years. However, participants receiving vitamin D3 compared to those receiving no vitamin D3 (Δadjusted means: −7.1 [95% CI −12.7, −1.5] MET h/wk, <em>P</em> = 0.01) showed a decline in PA. Results did not differ in subgroups by sex and age (70−74 yrs, ≥75 yrs). Vitamin D3, omega-3s or SHEP did not improve physical function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among generally healthy, active, and largely vitamin D3 replete adults aged 70 years and older, vitamin D3, omega-3s and SHEP, individually and in combination had no benefits on self-reported PA and objectively measured physical function. The detrimental effect of vitamin D supplementation on PA change needs further examination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy lifestyle habits, educational attainment, and the risk of 45 age-related health and mortality outcomes in the UK: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Le Tian ,&nbsp;Xueli Zhang ,&nbsp;Shunming Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuoting Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Danli Shi ,&nbsp;Mingguang He ,&nbsp;Xianwen Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate to what extent lifestyle habits, contribute to associations between EA and various conditions, and test the variability in risk reduction for specific health conditions linked to a healthy lifestyle across different EA levels.</div></div><div><h3>Design, setting, participants, and measurements</h3><div>Data were analyzed from 341,632 UK Biobank participants without baseline cardiovascular disease or cancer (2006–2010). A healthy lifestyle score (0–5) was created by assigning one point for each of five habits: a healthy diet, sufficient physical activity, non-current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and low-risk sleep duration. Baseline data on self-reported and genotype-predicted EA were collected, with 45 health outcomes assessed until January 2021. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between EA and lifestyle habits, and associations between the healthy lifestyle score and health/mortality outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards model. Moderation analysis tested whether EA modified the associations between a healthy lifestyle and health outcomes, while mediation analysis estimated the proportion of the association between EA and health outcomes explained by lifestyle habits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both self-reported and genotype-predicted EA were associated with a healthy diet, non-current smoking, low-risk sleep duration, and moderate alcohol consumption, but not low-risk physical activity. A healthy lifestyle is inversely linked to risks for 38 of 45 outcomes, including CVD, type 2 diabetes, lung and colon cancer, depression, and chronic kidney disease, as well as overall, CVD, and cancer mortality. Higher EA reduced risk for 25 conditions, such as CVD, certain cancers, chronic liver disease, and fractures; stronger inverse lifestyle-risk associations were observed among less educated individuals. Lifestyle habits explained 47.2% (95% CI: 35.3–59.4%) of the association between genotype-predicted EA and all-cause mortality, mediating a large proportion of associations with CVDs, cancers, dementia, respiratory diseases, and chronic kidney disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher EA might encourage the adoption of more healthy lifestyle habits, thus promoting healthy aging. Placing greater emphasis on lifestyle modification is essential for individuals with lower EA to effectively address health inequalities associated with EA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}