Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging最新文献

{"title":"Age at type 2 diabetes onset and risk of dementia: The modifying role of genetic susceptibility and mitochondrial function","authors":"Wanqing Dong ,&nbsp;Qibin Yuan ,&nbsp;Benrui Wu ,&nbsp;Shiteng Gao ,&nbsp;Yingyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Pan ,&nbsp;Kaixin Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess dementia risk after incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) by age at diagnosis and evaluate modification by treatment, genetic susceptibility, and mitochondrial function.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective 1:1 age- and sex-matched cohort study using inverse-probability-weighted Cox models.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Kunshan Aging Research with E-health (KARE) cohort in China (2018–2024).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>42,514 adults without diabetes or dementia at baseline, including 21,257 incident T2D cases and 21,257 non-diabetic controls.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) from linked medical records and annual examinations. T2D onset age was grouped as 45–54 years, 55–64 years, and persons 65 years and older. In genotyped participants (<em>n</em> = 14,455), a T2D polygenic risk score (PRS) and blood mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median 3.67 years, incident T2D was associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.71–2.21), AD (2.21, 1.88–2.59), and VaD (1.57, 1.20–2.07). Glucose-lowering treatment was associated with lower dementia risk versus no treatment. Among patients aged 55–64 years, the low-PRS/low-mtDNA-CN subgroup had the highest AD risk (AHR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12–5.19).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Age at T2D onset was associated with variation in dementia risk. Earlier diagnosis and treatment were associated with lower observed cognitive risk, while genetic susceptibility and mitochondrial function may inform individualised risk stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of chronic pain severity trajectories and number of pain site trajectories with risk of limitations in ability in daily activities: Evidence from two 10-year prospective cohort studies","authors":"Fangyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Zongshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Yueyuan Li ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Chunping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Chronic pain is a significant risk factor for limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). However, previous studies have mostly assessed pain severity at a single time point, overlooking its temporal variability. This study aims to explore the longitudinal associations between trajectories of chronic generalized pain severity, the number of pain sites, and trajectories of chronic site-specific pain severity with the risk of developing ADL limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized longitudinal data from individuals aged 50 and above in two cohorts: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). By analyzing dynamic changes in pain severity states, trajectories of chronic generalized pain severity, the number of pain sites, and chronic site-specific pain severity were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the associations between various pain severity trajectories and the incidence of ADL limitations. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Cox proportional hazards models showed that, among trajectories of chronic generalized pain severity and pain severity at the back, feet, and knees, the persistent high-level pain and worsening pain trajectory groups exhibited the highest increased risk of ADL limitations. Additionally, all trajectories of the number of pain sites were positively associated with ADL limitation risk, with the increasing number of pain sites trajectory showing the strongest association (HR = 2.738, 95% CI: 2.147–3.492). Depression mediated the associations between various pain severity trajectories and ADL limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The research findings underscore the significant role of long-term, persistently high levels and progressively worsening severity of chronic systemic and localized pain in the limitations of ADL functions in older adults. Incorporating longitudinal monitoring of chronic pain severity trajectories into ADL function limitation management programs is crucial for enhancing preventive and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual impairment takes on a setback to successful aging: evidence from six international longitudinal studies","authors":"Mengjun Tu ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making the promotion of successful aging a pressing public health priority. However, large-scale, longitudinal evidence examining the strength and consistency of the association between visual impairment and successful aging across diverse populations remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study displays and analyses the data extracted from six longitudinal cohorts, namely the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLOSA), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Vision impairment was assessed via self-report, and successful aging was operationalized as a composite score, both using harmonized measures across cohorts. The following are the analyses sections: generalized estimating equations (GEE), random-effects meta-analysis, and Cox regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary analysis included 121,282 participants contributing 277,129 observations across 25 countries/regions. A significant link was identified between vision impairment and a lower likelihood of successful aging. Additionally, the pooled odds ratio was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49–0.63) after GEE and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings highlight the negative impact of vision impairment on successful aging and suggest that sustaining vision fitness benefits aging promotion for middle-aged individuals and seniors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and inflammation predict prolonged stay in post-emergency geriatric units: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Alexandre Cornic ,&nbsp;Dan Caraman ,&nbsp;Olivier Briere ,&nbsp;Jennifer Gautier ,&nbsp;Cédric Annweiler ,&nbsp;Alexis Bourgeais ,&nbsp;on behalf of the BACK-UPUG study group","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-Emergency Geriatric Units (PEGUs) aim to reduce hospital length of stay (LOS) and prevent functional decline by facilitating earlier discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aim to identify factors linked to prolonged hospitalization to improve patient selection for PEGU.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study at the University Hospital of Angers (Dec 2022–Feb 2024), 590 eligible PEGU patients were analyzed. LOS was categorized as short (0–5 days) or prolonged (6 or more days). Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median age was 88, 62.2% were female, and 69% lived at home; 42% had prolonged LOS. Prolonged stay was associated in univariate analysis with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR: 1.10 [1.02−1.19],<em>p = 0.015</em>), elevated CRP &gt; 64 mg/L (2.07 [1.46−2.92], <em>p &lt; 0.001</em>), and higher Clinical Frailty Scale (1.79 [1.23−2.59], <em>p = 0.002)</em>. The multivariate analysis showed that a CRP levels ≥64 mg/L (OR 1.92 [1.35−2.75], p &lt; 0.001) and a CFS equal to or superior to 7 (OR 1.59 [1.07−2.36], p = 0.022) were associated with prolonged LOS.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Frailty and inflammation independently predict longer stays. Limitations include retrospective design and patient exclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Frailty and elevated CRP are key predictors of prolonged PEGU stay. Although causality cannot be established due to the retrospective design and potential biases, these findings may help to better characterize older patients who could potentially benefit from PEGU interventions</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia and metabolomics: mind the gap between biomarker discovery and clinical application","authors":"Ruiyang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiamin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100782","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution and muscle-fat imbalance: How PM2.5 components and ozone drive sarcopenic obesity through inflammation","authors":"Xianzhi Li ,&nbsp;Yajie Li ,&nbsp;Li Yin ,&nbsp;Qian Zhu ,&nbsp;Shunjin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangyi Xing ,&nbsp;Zonglei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The combined impact of specific PM_2.5 components and ozone (O₃) on sarcopenic obesity (SO) remains unclear. This study examined the effects of PM_2.5 constituents and O₃ on SO risk and explored inflammation as a potential mediator.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2015). SO was defined as the co-occurrence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 28 kg/m²) and sarcopenia, the latter characterized by low muscle mass plus either low muscle strength or impaired physical performance. Air pollution data (PM_2.5, its components, and O₃) were derived from the Tracking Air Pollution in China database. Systemic inflammation was operationalized as a composite z-score from C-reactive protein and white blood cell count. We employed Cox regression and quantile-based g-computation to evaluate the air pollution-SO relationship, and performed causal mediation analysis to quantify the mediating role of inflammatory pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Long-term exposure to a mixture of PM_2.5 constituents was significantly associated with an increased risk of SO (<em>HR</em> = 1.10, 95%<em>CI</em>: 1.06–1.14). Ammonium contributed most substantially to this effect (71%), followed by black carbon (22%) and organic matter (7%). In contrast, O₃ exhibited no independent association with SO risk. A significant positive synergistic interaction was observed between the PM_2.5 constituents and O₃, indicating a compounded adverse effect. Mediation analysis revealed that systemic inflammation accounted for 14–26% of the effect of PM_2.5 exposure on SO development. These associations were more pronounced among older adults, men, and urban residents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides novel insights into environmental triggers of SO, highlighting the need for integrated air quality policies targeting specific PM_2.5 components and personalized prevention strategies addressing inflammatory pathways in at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary health diet index, genetic susceptibility and incident chronic kidney disease: a cohort study from the UK Biobank","authors":"Duo Lv ,&nbsp;Tingting Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayao Fan ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Hong ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Qianchun Xu ,&nbsp;Dan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xishao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The association between adherence to the planetary health diet and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains under characterized. This study aim to investigate the association of planetary health diet index (PHDI) with the risk of CKD and assess potential effect modification by genetic predisposition.</div></div><div><h3>Design, setting, and participants</h3><div>A large, population-based cohort study was conducted using data from UK Biobank. Eligible participants included those without a history of CKD who completed at least one 24 -h dietary recall questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Three distinct planetary health diet indexes (PHDIs) were used to assess dietary adherence. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for CKD was calculated to evaluate genetic susceptibility. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between the PHDI and the risk of incident CKD. The joint effects of PHDI and genetic susceptibility were further examined. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 139,165 participants were included in the primary analysis. Over a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 6,391 incident CKD cases were identified. Compared with participants in the lowest adherence category, the hazard ratios (HRs) of incident CKD for those in highest adherence were 0.827 (95% CI, 0.757−0.904), 0.865 (95% CI, 0.805−0.929), and 0.891 (95% CI, 0.821−0.996) for Stubbendorff PHDI, Colizzi PHDI and Knuppel PHDI, respectively. Participants with highest adherence to planetary health diet and low genetic risk showed the lowest risk of CKD, with HRs of 0.707 (95% CI, 0.600−0.832), 0.682 (95% CI, 0.597−0.778), and 0.770 (95% CI, 0.663−0.893) across the three different PHDIs. These associations remained robust in several sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher adherence to the planetary health diet was associated with lower risk of CKD, and these effects were enhanced by jointing with genetic susceptibility. Promoting this sustainable dietary pattern may play a key strategy for CKD prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Letter to the Editor concerning “Associations of Individual Beverage Types and Substitution with Dementia Risk”","authors":"Jung-Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Seok-Jae Heo ,&nbsp;Yu-Jin Kwon ,&nbsp;Ji-Won Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition for healthy longevity: the past, the present and the future","authors":"Philipe de Souto Barreto ,&nbsp;Jorge G. Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle performance and bone density following a multi-intervention program with milk or soy milk supplementation in older adults: quasi-experimental study","authors":"Ting Liao ,&nbsp;Ting-Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Meng-Chun Lu ,&nbsp;Huey-Liang Kuo ,&nbsp;Yu-Lung Chen ,&nbsp;Kuo-Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Yi-Ling Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Hsiao ,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes of a combined intervention comprising food-based protein supplementation, nutrition education (NE), and resistance exercise in older adults; comparing milk and soy milk as protein sources.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Quasi-experimental study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>Eighty-two community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years completed the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>This 8-week cluster-based intervention assigned participants to 1 of 4 groups: exercise alone (Group 1), exercise plus NE (Group 2), exercise plus NE with milk supplementation (Group 3), and exercise plus NE with soy milk supplementation (Group 4). All groups engaged in resistance training 3 times per week, and all groups received weekly NE, except for Group 1.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Body composition, and physical performance were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and standardized tests at baseline and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within-group analyses showed that all groups experienced significant improvements in walking speed. Additionally, Group 3 exhibited improvements in handgrip strength (mean change: +4.41 kg), 5-time sit-to-stand performance (−1.94 s). Compared with other groups, Group 3 achieved greater gains in handgrip strength than Group 2 (−0.84 kg) and Group 4 (+0.52 kg), and showed a borderline significant improvement in total bone mineral density (BMD; +0.01 vs. −0.06 g/cm²) compared with Group 1. Furthermore, Groups 2 − 4 exhibited greater increases in upper-limb BMD (+0.04, +0.02, +0.01 g/cm², respectively) compared with Group 1 (−0.02 g/cm²).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exercise combined with NE and protein supplementation, particularly milk, may be associated with favorable bone health in older adults.</div><div>(Clincaltrials.gov as NCT06173271)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}