Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie最新文献

{"title":"Influence of distal-end heat treatment in the properties of heat-activated NiTi archwires.","authors":"Janaína de Oliveira Abrahão, Rodrigo Hermont Cançado, Esdras de Campos França, Leandro de Arruda Santos, Pedro Damas Resende, Felipe Weidenbach Degrazia, Leniana Santos Neves","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00547-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00547-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of property changes caused by heating the distal portion of heat-activated nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty preformed heat-activated NiTi archwires (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) with a nominal cross-section of 0.018″ were used in this study. The archwires were divided into a control group, not submitted to heat treatment and, thus, maintaining the as-received properties, and an experimental group, in which the archwires were submitted to heat treatment for distal bending at one end. Wire segments of control and experimental groups were submitted to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Vickers microhardness measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DSC results suggest local recrystallization and precipitate dissolution at the heat-treated tip, which decreases as the distance to the wire's tip increases. Vickers microhardness tests revealed significant changes for distances between 6 and 8 mm from the wire's tip. Heating the distal portion of heat-activated NiTi archwires should be performed with care since this clinical procedure may compromise the performance of these wires to a distance of 8 mm from the archwire end.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heat treatment for distal bending in heat-activated NiTi archwires may be performed, with little impact on the areas adjacent to heat treatment. In cases presenting molars requiring significant orthodontic corrections, it should be preferred to apply other techniques to avoid archwire sliding, such as crimpable stops, or to have flame control to avoid placing a heat-treated section in the tubes of these molars.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part II-lower jaw.","authors":"Katharina Klaus, Tobias Kleinert, Sabine Ruf","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00546-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00546-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Complications of bonded lingual retainers in terms of unexpected tooth movements have been reported with increasing frequency during the last decade, but the vast majority of the literature comprises case reports. The purpose of the present retrospective case-control study was to analyze the amount and direction of unwanted tooth movements despite lower bonded retainers, to analyze possible predisposing pretreatment- and treatment-related factors, and to seek for movement thresholds which could enhance the rapid and objective identification of critical cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plaster casts of 1026 patients who completed orthodontic treatment and a subsequent retention phase of 2 years were screened for unintentional tooth movements. The study group comprised 39 patients with tooth movements in the lower jaw, while 39 randomly selected patients without visible tooth movements served as the control group. For all patients, plaster casts after debonding of multibracket appliances (T1) and after supervised retention (T2) were digitized, and a three-dimensional (3D) digital superimposition based on the best fit of premolars and molars was undertaken. Thereafter, translational as well as rotational movements were measured in all three planes of space. Pretreatment- and treatment-related factors of the study and control groups were compared. A severity classification based on rotational movement thresholds was applied to seek a critical amount of translational movements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean translational movements ranged between 0 and 0.4 mm and the average rotational movements between 0 and 1.6°. Large individual movements up to 1.9 mm translation and 16° rotation were seen. A twist-effect with opposite movements of the canines along the Y‑axis could be confirmed. Compared to the control group, patients of the study group had a smaller intercanine distance at all timepoints. In addition, study group patients presented a slightly larger intercanine expansion during treatment and were more often affected by retainer bonding site detachments. Applying the severity classification based on rotational thresholds, translational movements of 0.5-1.0 mm along the X‑ and Y‑axis could serve as a critical threshold. It can be assumed that extrusive translational movements along the Z‑axis seem to be of specific nature and perhaps do not reflect a retainer complication in terms of unwanted tooth movements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with a larger intercanine distance after active treatment and those with more frequent retainer bonding site detachments could be at higher risk for unwanted tooth movements during fixed retention. Sagittal and transverse movements of 0.5-1.0 mm should sensitize the practitioner for further measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative biomechanical analysis of four different tooth- and bone-borne frog appliances for molar distalization : A three-dimensional finite element study.","authors":"Xing-Yue Wang, Dou Li, Xin-Ran Xu, Jia-Rong Liu, Waseem Saleh Al-Gumaei, Hui Xue, Xiao-Ming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00535-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00535-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical effects of four different designs of frog appliances for molar distalization using finite element analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-dimensional finite element model including complete dentition, periodontal ligament, palatine, and alveolar bone was established. Four types of frog appliances were designed to simulate maxillary molar distalization: tooth-button-borne (Type A), bone-borne (Type B), bone-button-borne (Type C), and tooth-bone-borne (Type D) frog appliances. A force of 10 N was applied simulating a screw in the anteroposterior direction. To assess the von Mises stress distribution and the resultant displacements in the teeth and periodontal tissues, geometric nonlinear theory was utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the conventional tooth-borne frog appliance (Type A), the bone-borne frog appliances showed increased first molar distalization with enhanced mesiolingual rotation and distal tipping, but the labial inclination and intrusion of the incisors were insignificant. When replacing the palatal acrylic button with miniscrews (Types B and D), more anchorage forces were transmitted from the first premolar to palatine bone, which was further dispersed by the assistance of a palatal acrylic button (Type C).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to tooth-borne frog appliances, the bone-borne variants demonstrated a clear advantage for en masse molar distalization. The combined anchorage system utilizing palatal acrylic buttons and miniscrews (Type C) offers the most efficient stress distribution, minimizing force concentration on the palatine bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal analysis of mandibular trabecular pattern following protraction facemask therapy : A pilot study.","authors":"Veena Gv, Tulika Tripathi","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00544-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00544-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the remodeling effects of protraction facemask therapy on the trabecular pattern of the mandible and identify quantitatively the regions of the mandible undergoing maximum changes in the trabecular pattern.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The retrospective study was conducted in 30 subjects divided into two groups. The treatment group (group 1) consisted of 15 subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion treated with a facemask (mean age: 9.1 ± 2.1 years). Digital panoramic radiographs (OPG) were obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of active facemask therapy (T1) with a mean duration of 16.1 ± 2.5 months. In all, 15 skeletal class I subjects who did not undergo any orthodontic treatment (mean age 9.1 ± 2.2 years) comprised the control group (group 2) who had two OPGs at a mean interval of 13.6 ± 2.2 months. The fractal dimensional (FD) value was calculated in three regions: angular, condylar, and corpus region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intragroup comparisons revealed a significant increase in the FD values in the right condylar (T0 = 1.2 ± 0.2; T1 = 1.4 ± 0.1) and left condylar (T0 = 1.2 ± 0.1; T1 = 1.4 ± 0.1) region (p < 0.05) and in the corpus region (FD values: right T0 = 1.2 ± 0.1, T1 = 1.4 ± 0.1; left T0 = 1.2 ± 0.1, T1 = 1.4 ± 0.1; p < 0.05). The intergroup comparison demonstrated that the treatment group showed greater changes compared with the controls in the condylar process (mean difference: right = 0.19, left = 0.20; p < 0.05) and the corpus region (0.172; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FD analysis demonstrated that the condylar process and the corpus region underwent the most significant change in the trabecular pattern in subjects treated with protraction facemask therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of circadian rhythm on effects induced by mechanical strain in periodontal ligament cells.","authors":"Lena I Peters, Jana Marciniak, Eric Kutschera, Caio Luiz, Erika Calvano Küchler, Christian Kirschneck, Andreas Jäger, Svenja Beisel-Memmert","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00542-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00542-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of mechanical strain on clock gene function in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Furthermore, we wanted to analyze whether effects induced by mechanical stress vary in relation to the circadian rhythm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human PDL fibroblasts were synchronized in their circadian rhythm with dexamethasone and stretched over 24 h. Unstretched cells served as controls. Gene expression of the core clock genes were analyzed at 4 h intervals by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Time points 0 h (group SI1) and 12 h (group SI2) after synchronization served as starting points of a 4 h force application period. Collagen-1α (COL-1α/Col-1α), interleukin-1β (IL1-β), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Runx2) were assessed by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 2 and 4 h. Statistical analysis comprised one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After synchronization, the typical pattern for clock genes was visible in control cells over the 24 h period. This pattern was significantly altered by mechanical strain. Under tensile stress, ARNTL gene expression was reduced, while Per1 and 2 gene expression were upregulated. In addition, mechanical stress had a differential effect on the expression of Col-1α and IL1‑β depending on its initiation within the circadian rhythm (group SI1 vs group SI2). For RUNX2, no significant differences in the two groups were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that mechanical stress affects the molecular peripheral oscillator of PDL cells. Vice versa, the circadian rhythm also seems to partially influence the effects that mechanical stress exerts on PDL cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontal evaluation after maxillary expansion with a tooth-bone-borne expander in growing patients : A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Bruno de Paula Machado Pasqua, Michelle Sendyk, Cristiane Barros André, João Batista de Paiva, Benedict Wilmes, José Rino Neto","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00536-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00536-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate and compare periodontal changes due to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne devices in growing patients via clinical examinations and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-two eligible patients (aged 11-14 years; transverse maxillary deficiency, posterior crossbite) were screened and divided into two groups based on the treatment received (randomization was performed using computer-generated numeric sequences): hybrid hyrax tooth-bone-borne group (TBB) and hyrax tooth-borne group (TB). The primary outcome was the change in cortical bone thickness (by CBCT). In addition, the clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession, and bleeding were assessed. Both examinations were performed before and 3 months after the activation phase. Intergroup comparisons were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients (12 girls and 9 boys; mean initial age, 13.3 years) were included in the TBB group and 21 (5 girls and 16 boys; mean initial age, 13.2 years) were included in the TB group. The TB group exhibited a decrease in buccal bone thickness in the first premolars and first molars at all three evaluated levels. Specifically, tooth 14 at 3 mm from the enamel-cement junction showed a significant width reduction (0.7 mm; p < 0.001), accompanied by a notable increase in palatal cortical thickness at 6 mm of enamel-cement junction (1.13 mm; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RME resulted in buccal bone thickness reduction at the first premolar with hyrax treatment. In the molar region, both devices resulted in cortical bone alterations that were less pronounced in the TBB group.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of reliable reference genes for qPCR of CD4+ T cells exposed to compressive strain.","authors":"Niklas Ullrich, Ardita Ramadani, Eva Paddenberg-Schubert, Peter Proff, Jonathan Jantsch, Christian Kirschneck, Agnes Schröder","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00543-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00543-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For accurate interpretation of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) data, stable reference genes are essential for normalization of target genes. To date, there is no information on reliable housekeeping genes in CD4+ T cells in a three-dimensional (3D) matrix under pressure stimulation. This in vitro study describes for the first time a method for pressure stimulation of CD4+ T cells in a 3D matrix in the context of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and identifies a set of reliable reference genes. CD4+ T cells were isolated from murine spleen and activated with anti-CD3/-CD28 Dynabeads (Thermo Fisher, Langenselbold, Germany) on standard cell culture plates or in 3D scaffolds with or without compressive strain. Expression stability of nine potential reference genes was examined using four mathematical algorithms. Gene expression of Il2 was normalized to all potential reference genes to highlight the importance of correct normalization. Cell proliferation and the expression of the surface markers CD25 and CD69 were also determined. The 3D matrix did not inhibit proliferation after immunological activation of T cells and embedded the cells sufficiently to expose them to pressure load. Expression of ubiquitin C (Ubc) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) was the most stable under all conditions tested. A combination of these two genes was suitable for normalization of qPCR data. Normalization of Il2 gene expression showed highly variable results depending on the reference gene used. Pressure reduced cell proliferation and the number of CD69-positive T cells. This study provides a basis for performing valid and reliable qPCR experiments with CD4+ T cells cultured in 3D scaffolds and exposed to compressive forces simulating OTM.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TNF reduces osteogenic cell fate in PDL cells at transcriptional and functional levels without alteration of periodontal proliferative capacity.","authors":"Isabel Knaup, Rafael Kramann, Martha-Julia Sasula, Paula Mack, Rogério Bastos Craveiro, Christian Niederau, Franziska Coenen, Sabine Neuss, Joachim Jankowski, Michael Wolf","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00541-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00541-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the growth of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, their osteogenic differentiation and modulation of their matrix secretion in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The influence of 10 ng/ml TNF on proliferation and metabolic activity of PDL cells was analyzed by cell counting (DAPI [4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole] staining) and the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. In addition, cells were cultured under control conditions and osteogenic conditions (media containing 10 mM β-glycerophosphate). Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteopontin (OPN) was performed after 7 and 14 days of cultivation. Calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our studies showed that 10 ng/ml TNF did not affect the survival and metabolic activity of PDL cells. Quantitative expression analysis revealed that long-term cultures with TNF impaired osteogenic cell fate at early and late developmental stages. Furthermore, TNF significantly reduced matrix secretion in PDL cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present data confirm TNF as a regulatory factor of proinflammatory remodeling that influences the differentiation behavior but not the metabolism and cell proliferation of the periodontium. Therefore, TNF represents an interesting target for the regulation of orthodontic remodeling processes in the periodontium.</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Determination of growth and developmental stages in hand-wrist radiographs. Can fractal analysis in combination with artificial intelligence be used?","authors":"Merve Gonca, Mehmet Fatih Sert, Dilara Nil Gunacar, Taha Emre Kose, Busra Beser","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00520-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00056-024-00520-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in biomarkers levels from gingival crevicular fluid in pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing orthodontic treatment : A systematic review.","authors":"Deborah Ribeiro Frazão, Yago Gecy de Souza Né, Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira, Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Guido Marañón-Vásquez, Lucianne Cople Maia, Matheus Melo Pithon, Rafael Rodrigues Lima","doi":"10.1007/s00056-024-00519-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00056-024-00519-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to verify whether there is a difference in biomarker levels in the gingival crevicular fluid between premenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As eligibility criteria, prospective or retrospective observational studies evaluating women undergoing orthodontic treatment (P), comparing postmenopausal (E) and premenopausal (C) women, and analyzing differences in gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers (O) were included. An electronic search was conducted in seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO: Dentistry & Oral Science) and one grey literature source (Google Scholar). All databases were searched from September 2022 to March 2023. After duplicate exclusion and data extraction, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was applied to assess the quality and risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to verify the certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three case-control studies that analyzed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL), osteopontin (OPN), and interleukin (IL)-17A levels were included. One study reported a significant difference for RANKL and another for OPN levels. A third study reported that there was a higher expression of IL17‑A in the postmenopausal group. However, the small number of articles limits our systematic review. The heterogeneity and imprecision in the study results cast doubt on the findings' internal validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The studies reported alterations in biomarker levels but differed in their conclusions. Therefore, further studies must include other types of bone and inflammatory biomarkers in female patients who are pre- or postmenopausal and undergoing orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The review was registered at the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Q9YZ8 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":54776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie","volume":" ","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}