Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献

{"title":"Urban tree diversity fosters bird insectivory despite a loss in bird diversity with urbanization","authors":"Laura Schillé ,&nbsp;Alain Paquette ,&nbsp;Gabriel Marcotte ,&nbsp;Hugo Ouellet ,&nbsp;Swane Cobus ,&nbsp;Luc Barbaro ,&nbsp;Bastien Castagneyrol","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization is one of the main drivers of biotic homogenization in bird communities worldwide. Yet, only a few studies have addressed its functional consequences on the top-down control birds exert on insect herbivores. We hypothesized that their inconsistent results reflect the overlooked heterogeneity of the urban habitat for birds, and in particular the distribution and diversity of urban trees.</div><div>We monitored tree diversity, bird diversity, avian predation attempts on artificial prey, and the effect of bird exclusion on insect herbivory in 97 trees distributed among 24 urban experimental plots in the city of Montreal, Canada. We characterized urbanization levels through a combination of variables related to tree density, impervious surfaces, anthropic noise, and human population density.</div><div>Bird diversity decreased with increasing urbanization, whereas the frequency of generalist synurbic species increased. We found no significant relationship between predation and urbanization or between predation and bird diversity. However, tree diversity was positively correlated with predation attempts on artificial prey, irrespective of bird diversity.</div><div>We revealed a mismatch between the effects of urbanization on bird diversity and on the regulation service and unraveled the functional importance of tree diversity in shaping the avian predation function in urban ecosystems. Our study advocates for the consideration of intra-urban heterogeneity in the investigation of trophic cascades within cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 105274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollinator gardening is constrained by income but not lot size in urban front yards","authors":"Atticus W. Murphy ,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Crone","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flower gardens can create valuable habitat for urban pollinators, but little is known about the existing spatial pattern of gardens on the landscape, or factors associated with the decision to plant a flower garden. We mapped the distribution of front yard flower gardens compared to four other front yard landscaping types (lawn, shrubs, non-vegetated, and weeds) across 86,429 addresses in Greater Boston, MA, USA using Google Street View. We complemented these data with on-the-ground surveys at a stratified random subset of 519 yards. We hypothesized that census tracts with higher incomes would have higher flower garden frequencies and that these gardens would have higher species richness, and that census tracts with larger lots would also have higher flower garden frequencies and species richness. Yards identified as flower gardens using Google Street View contained around double the cultivated floral species richness of lawns and more than any other yard type. However, flower gardens were infrequent in front yards, and were a substantial front yard cover type in only 2.3 % of yards. Flower garden frequency and cultivated species richness were greater with higher census tract income, both consistent with the luxury effect hypothesis. However, higher-income lots also had more lawns and fewer spontaneous (weedy) species. Surprisingly, flower gardens had higher frequencies in census tracts with smaller lots. In our region, flower gardening appears to be constrained by income or education but not lot size, pointing to the potential role of small urban lots as a target for pollinator habitat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 105271"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing future effectiveness of protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area","authors":"Fengze Lin ,&nbsp;Mingjian Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Dong ,&nbsp;Shiyu Ling ,&nbsp;Bo Luan ,&nbsp;Guoliang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biodiversity of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is increasingly under threat due to anthropogenic stressors and climate change challenges, despite 15.72% of the landscape being planned as protected areas (PAs). The uncertain risks of high-density urban sprawl and sea level rise pose challenges for future biodiversity conservation in the GBA. To effectively gauge the impact of PAs for biodiversity conservation, it’s imperative to delve into not only the pattern but the process of biodiversity. Adopting a dynamic view for biodiversity assessment, our study established a synergistic approach within a systematic conservation planning framework, focusing on comprehensively assessing the future conservation effectiveness of PAs. Four modeling techniques were integrated in the process to estimate conservation priorities under various future scenarios: SLAMM and Dyna-CLUE projected future land-use changes, MaxEnt predicted shifts in habitat suitability for key species, and Zonation identified conservation priorities thereby. The results indicated a potential shift in conservation priorities over time from inland to coastal areas across different cities in the GBA, highlighting the substantial mismatches between current PAs and high-priority areas in Guangdong and the urgency for prompt conservation actions. Moreover, our findings revealed that proposed PA system has not sufficiently prioritized wetland conservation, nor has it effectively conserved amphibian, plant and bird species. Our study provided a dynamic and comprehensive evaluation of biodiversity in the GBA and offered insightful conservation recommendations, thus demonstrating a viable approach for assessing and enhancing future conservation initiatives in similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105260"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A greener Green Belt? Co-developing exploratory scenarios for contentious peri-urban landscapes","authors":"Matthew G. Kirby ,&nbsp;Alister J. Scott ,&nbsp;Claire L. Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peri-urban landscapes experience conflicting land-use demands from co-occurring urban–rural drivers. In England, Green Belts are urban containment policies which impact on the <em>peri</em>-urban in isolation from the wider landscapes they cover. Green Belts’ endurance in planning policy have resulted in a contentious and politicised policy arena, under significant scrutiny. Whilst research has shown heterogeneous supplies of ecosystem services existing in Green Belts, it is unclear how and whether Green Belts as landscapes may change in the future beyond their urban containment bounds. Though participatory scenarios have been extensively applied to landscape planning, they have not to English Green Belts. Addressing these gaps, a cross-sector stakeholder workshop was held to co-develop exploratory Green Belt landscape scenarios nationally in 20 years’ time. Three scenarios: “Intensify &amp; Diversify”, “Build-Build-Build” and “Multifunctional” were framed on a governance-functionality axis, identifying future drivers, impacts and assumptions. The scenarios reveal Green Belts are under increased pressure from multiple land-uses, societal demands, and policies, many of which are in conflict, stemming from either a prioritisation or balancing of these demands through varying governance mechanisms. Stakeholder critiques and visions reveal a substantial cross-sector consensus for more (multi)functional Green Belts in England, including as “strategic urban support landscapes” to adapt and mitigate threats associated with climate change. Finally, complementary landscape photo-visualisations of “fictitious” landscapes were produced, aided by artificial intelligence, highlighting the growing potential of these tools to support landscape research. This use of fictional landscapes extends the applicability of our results to <em>peri</em>-urban areas experiencing comparable contexts and drivers, such as Western and Northern European regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105268"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who values urban open spaces? investigating heterogeneity in the capitalization of open space in New York city","authors":"Liqing Li ,&nbsp;Mitchell R. Livy","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the constraints on local budgets and the availability of urban land, understanding how different urban green spaces are valued by diverse residents is crucial for making informed urban land use decisions. We estimate the heterogeneity in housing price capitalizations of various open space classes in New York City using a hedonic price model. Our findings reveal that the capitalization of open spaces varies across open space types and nearby housing types. For instance, compared to residents who live in properties with private outdoor spaces, residents in condominiums and cooperatives may place greater value on open spaces such as neighborhood parks or community gardens. Furthermore, we aim to uncover how demographic factors are associated with the valuation of different types of open spaces, focusing on two sets of community factors: median household income and racial composition. Our results show that areas with low-income populations or a predominance of non-white residents exhibit substantially different preferences from other groups, with an increased capitalization for community gardens and a decreased capitalization for flagship parks. These insights highlight the importance of investigating heterogeneity in the valuation of environmental amenities and can help policymakers allocate funds for environmental amenities to better align with the preferences of local residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105259"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homelessness and nature across landscapes and disciplines: A literature review","authors":"Seamus R. Land ,&nbsp;Monika M. Derrien","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex social-ecological dynamics of homelessness in natural resource management have become increasingly apparent in recent years. Systematically understanding and engaging with these dynamics across sectors, disciplines, and landscapes has presented a conceptual and methodological challenge for both practitioners and researchers. Though some interdisciplinary research has expanded in recent years, the understanding it has fostered largely remains fragmented across disciplines, and its implications for practice are poorly understood. To help create connections across this fragmented dialogue, we reviewed 111 relevant academic journal articles, books, and reports across a broad range of disciplines. Across this literature, we observed an increasing focus on understanding homelessness drivers, impacts, and solutions through a coupled social-ecological systems lens, though key gaps remain. Research oriented towards urban studies, environmental justice, public health, political ecology, and Indigenous studies offered especially important methodological and conceptual innovations that promise to better confront and address justice in fluid, dynamic, and integrated social-ecological systems. We discuss opportunities for studies to better incorporate community concerns, attend to heterogenous homeless populations, apply multiple scales of analysis across disciplines, address market forces, incorporate diverse worldviews and researcher reflexivity, and address complex social-ecological challenges like climate change. To help mobilize around these needs and opportunities, we encourage researchers, practitioners, and people with lived experiences of homelessness to co-produce a research agenda, a process which could establish a shared foundation for increased collaboration across sectors and disciplines and identify priorities for better understanding and attending to the complex and contested challenges of homelessness across landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105254"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The planning of urban–rural linkages: An automated content analysis of spatial plans adopted by European intermediate cities","authors":"Theresia Morandell ,&nbsp;Michael Wicki ,&nbsp;David Kaufmann","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapidly advancing urbanization increasingly deepens cities’ interdependencies with surrounding suburban and rural territories, leading to unique planning challenges. Yet, there is limited comparative understanding of how urban–rural linkages are practically addressed through spatial planning. This study explores the extent and variety to which urban–rural linkages are integrated into both statutory and non-statutory local spatial plans. Specifically, we ask whether cities address in their plans the broad set of physical and functional linkages that typically exist within city-regions. Employing natural language processing (NLP) tools for automated content analysis, a method particularly adept at handling large-scale textual data, we analyze 257 municipal spatial plans from 125 so-called intermediate cities across 20 European OECD countries. This approach allows for substantial comparison of planning contents at the local level. We find that urban–rural linkages and the city-region as a complementary territorial scale for planning are addressed more frequently in non-statutory plans and, partially, in plans that were adopted jointly by city governments with surrounding municipalities. While statutory plans show more attention toward physical linkages such as interlocking built-up areas, non-statutory plans encompass broader socio-economic dimensions, including commuting flows, economic, and transport planning. These findings reflect the practical importance of more strategic, informal planning mechanisms when addressing urban–rural dynamics. Our study provides vital insights into the variety of policy fields that are addressed in local planning in Europe and provides venues for future research on urban–rural planning dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105258"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not or Yes in My Back Yard? A physiological and psychological measurement of urban residents in Taiwan","authors":"Yi-Kai Juan ,&nbsp;Yi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global urbanization has resulted in a dense concentration of population in cities worldwide. In Asia’s densely populated cities, the existence of “Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY)” facilities is essential for public infrastructure development. However, most NIMBY facilities, such as cemeteries, funeral parlors, electrical towers, garbage dumps, and gas stations, are directly exposed to the urban environment without special environmental design considerations. Additionally, Feng-Shui considerations for the living environments contribute to a negative impression and rejection of NIMBY facilities. This study posits a research hypothesis: Do people experience negative physiological and psychological effects in a NIMBY environment compared to a “Yes In My Back Yard (YIMBY)” environment? This study employed the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) to gather experts’ perceptions of NIMBY. Subsequently, virtual reality (VR) scenes based on NIMBY and YIMBY fields were introduced. Heart rate variability (HRV) and emotional state questionnaires (POMS) were utilized to measure the physiological and psychological changes among subjects in both environments. Twenty-eight participants engaged in a two-week experiment, and statistical analysis was employed to compare the significant differences in physiological and psychological values in different environments. The results indicated that the participants in the YIMBY environment exhibited more positive physiological responses. The POMS results also supported the notion that the participants generally demonstrated more stable emotional performance in the YIMBY environment. For future considerations, it is recommended that urban environmental planning and design incorporate more YIMBY elements to promote urban residents’ physical and mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105256"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York City 2100: Environmental justice implications of future scenarios for addressing extreme heat","authors":"Maya Dutta ,&nbsp;Pablo Herreros-Cantis ,&nbsp;Timon McPhearson ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mustafa ,&nbsp;Matthew I. Palmer ,&nbsp;Mika Tosca ,&nbsp;Jennifer Ventrella ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate-driven hazards, such as extreme heat or precipitation, are threatening the current and future livability of New York City (NYC) and disproportionately affecting low-income communities and communities of color. To envision future climate resilience, government stakeholders and researchers co-produced future scenarios for 2100 in response to climate hazards for NYC during participatory workshops in Fall 2021. A commonly co-produced strategy included urban green infrastructure (UGI) because of its potential to retain runoff and provide cooling benefits. We ask, what are the potential environmental justice implications of ecosystem services provisioned from UGI distribution in the co-produced NYC future scenario compared to a business-as-usual future scenario? To analyze potential outcomes and tradeoffs, we integrated spatially-explicit UGI strategies into simulated land use and cover models. We then assessed two ecosystem services (flood and heat mitigation) using the spatially-explicit tool Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). We explored potential environmental justice implications by comparing the provision of ecosystem services to sociodemographic indicators within census block groups between scenarios. Presently, ecosystem services are disproportionately lower for communities of color, including predominantly Asian, Black/African-American, and Hispanic/Latino communities. In future scenarios we found ecosystem service provision will decrease within these communities under business-as-usual land development. The future scenario co-produced for extreme heat resilience, however, shows an increase in overall provisioning across NYC, including in neighborhoods with a high proportion of people of color. Our results show that co-produced future scenarios can be used to inform strategic future planning for inclusive adaptation decisions to improve future climate resilience and justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105249"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscapes of thermal inequality: Exploring patterns of climate justice across multiple spatial scales in Spain","authors":"Szymon Marcińczak ,&nbsp;Ricardo Iglesias-Pascual ,&nbsp;Dominik Kopeć ,&nbsp;Klaudia Wróbel ,&nbsp;Veronika Mooses","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last four decades, global temperatures have seen a generalized, long-term increase, and Europe is at the forefront of this trend, with temperatures rising by over twice the global average in the past 30 years. And the problem of excessive heat exposure is disproportionately more serious urban areas than it is in rural areas. This study investigates the issue of thermal inequality in Southern Europe, a largely understudied region exposed to substantial heat stress. We selected five major Spanish cities that reflect different socio-demographic and environmental contexts of the country, using the city’s administrative boundaries as our unit of analysis. We used bespoke neighborhoods to investigate heat inequality at multiple spatial scales. To illustrate the relationship between the thermal inequality patterns and the socio-demographic characteristics of neighborhoods, we estimated three separate generalized least squares regression models for each city, with the outcome variable being the average land surface temperature values in bespoke neighborhoods across the three spatial scales: 300 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m. The actual link between heat exposure and neighborhood characteristics appears to be sensitive to the local social, economic, institutional, historical and geographical context. Nonetheless, the connection between heat exposure and residents’ socioeconomic status, as well as the association of neighborhood population density with land surface temperature, seems to maintain consistent significance, often retaining their importance despite the spatial scale of analysis and employed zoning method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}