Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献

{"title":"Waterfront usage trends across German metropolitan areas: A social-ecological perspective to urban blue-green infrastructure connectivity","authors":"Artan Hysa ,&nbsp;Roland Löwe ,&nbsp;Juergen Geist","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The waterfront connects aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and its landscape quality is an indicator of the status of blue-green infrastructure. Especially in urban areas, the consequences of direct human interventions on the waterfront are evident, yet there is a need for more comprehensive and easy approaches to quantify the dynamics of the waterfront landscapes. Herein, we propose a simple, rapid, and effective method, the “Waterfront Development Index” (WDI), for characterizing the relative waterfront usage in metropolitan areas. Based on the Urban Atlas data provided by the Copernicus program of the European Union for German functional urban areas (FUAs), we validate the WDI by comparing waterfront land use and land cover change at federal state, metropolitan, and urban levels (91 FUAs). Our results show remarkable disparities between waterfront land use along running and standing waters. The urban waterfronts covered a wide range of WDI values, highlighting critical urban freshwater waterfronts being relatively more extensively allocated for human land use. Transportation was identified as the most pressing human land use on the waterfronts, especially along the riverbanks. Between 2012 and 2018, 236.5 km of natural, water, or agricultural waterfront have been altered to urban, industrial, and transportation land use. Even though the national level transformation is relatively low (0.4 %), the change ratios of some FUAs are alarming (∼2%). We demonstrate the usefulness and reproducibility of the WDI to monitor and quantify changes in waterfront development over time, posing high relevancy to waterfront landscape conservation, social-ecological systems’ balance, and sustainable urban planning alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 105369"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding incremental densification – Determinants of residential infill on vacant lots","authors":"Denise Ehrhardt ,&nbsp;Martin Behnisch ,&nbsp;Mark Michaeli ,&nbsp;Mathias Jehling","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban densification faces challenges due to the declining availability of land in urban areas worldwide and the need to balance various demands regarding the use of the remaining land, which can provide high ecological and social value. At the same time, in many residential areas, small-scale vacant lots with existing building rights can be found. The decision as to whether or not densification on these lots takes place depends on individual landowners’ decisions and takes place largely without the purview of strategic planning. Although small-scale densification potentials and processes can add up to substantial amounts, they remain poorly studied. With this study, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of which determinants drive or limit small-scale incremental densification processes on vacant lots. We employ logistic regression analysis using detailed infill data from 2011 to 2021 for the three main processes found: Vacant lots staying vacant, infill with low-density housing, and infill with multi-family housing. Applied to a German study area, we obtain good model results for infill with multi-family housing (AUC: 0.82) which showed to be highly dependent on parcel characteristics, limited by planning regulations, and driven by market interests. In contrast, the model results for low-density housing infill were rather poor, indicating the importance of individual landowner interests as well as the minor impact of market rationalities, spatial preconditions, and planning regulations. However, the predominant process observed in the study area was that vacant lots remained undeveloped, highlighting the enduring presence of urban vacant land despite the existence of building rights. The study contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of decentralised densification processes and highlights the need for nuanced approaches to incremental densification, considering landowner interests and regulatory frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 105375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic and terrestrial environmental DNA signals reveal decoupling of blue-green communities along an urbanization gradient","authors":"Kilian Perrelet ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Cook ,&nbsp;Andreas Dietzel ,&nbsp;Florian Altermatt ,&nbsp;Marco Moretti","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban blue and green spaces, like ponds and parks, can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on biodiversity by providing diverse, connected habitats and enabling resource flows between ecosystems. While studies have evaluated these spaces for terrestrial and aquatic communities individually, few have examined shared factors influencing both communities simultaneously. Consequently, it is unclear how these spaces should be conceived and maintained to support the diversity of both aquatic and terrestrial species, as well as their interactions. Here, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to identify shared drivers and assess if and how aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate communities are coupled across 54 paired aquatic and terrestrial habitats along an urbanization gradient in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Contrary to general expectations, we find no significant correlation in aquatic and terrestrial community structure, which we attribute to distinct drivers identified for both communities. Aquatic communities were primarily influenced by local factors related to habitat quality, while terrestrial communities were associated to landscape drivers pertaining to habitat quantity, suggesting that different processes at different spatial scales need to be considered to support both communities. Furthermore, with increasing urbanization, aquatic and terrestrial communities exhibited signs of decoupling driven by the filtering of organisms straddling ecosystem boundaries. We conclude that increasing levels of urbanization weaken resource flow between aquatic and terrestrial environments. By employing eDNA across ecosystem boundaries, our study highlights the critical importance of both the quality and quantity of urban habitats in conserving aquatic and terrestrial communities, as well as their linkages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 105376"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing effective image-based surveys for urban visual perception","authors":"Youlong Gu ,&nbsp;Matias Quintana ,&nbsp;Xiucheng Liang ,&nbsp;Koichi Ito ,&nbsp;Winston Yap ,&nbsp;Filip Biljecki","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban visual perception is important for the human experience in cities, shaped by intertwined characteristics of urban landscapes. By quantifying and explaining these perceptual experiences, researchers can gain insights into human preferences and support decision-making in planning and design. However, past studies have shown inconsistencies in survey design and ambiguities in reporting, leading to concerns about the reliability and reproducibility of results. This study proposes the first comprehensive framework to guide image-based survey design for capturing perceptions of outdoor urban environments across different scenarios, addressing the lack of methodological standardization in current research. We reviewed existing surveys to identify key parameters, conducted comprehensive between-subject and within-subject surveys, and performed statistical analyses to determine best practices for survey design across different contexts. Aiming to set a potential community standard, our study doubles as a blueprint for a reporting protocol for survey designs. Based on the results, we recommend: (1) meeting a minimum of 12 and 22 ratings per image for Likert Scale and Pairwise Comparison studies to reach survey reliability, respectively, and reporting these alongside other survey design parameters to enhance transparency and reproducibility; and (2) when resource allows larger experiments, adopt a ranking method such as Pairwise Comparison to achieve firmer rating results; and (3) using perspective (non-panoramic) images more frequently, as they exhibit comparable overall scores to panoramic images (R mostly <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span>), while being more widely available via crowdsourced sources, supporting their use in large-scale visual perception research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 105368"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effect of vertical structure of urban green spaces on microclimate in Guangzhou through a full year numerical simulation","authors":"Qi Li ,&nbsp;Qiong Li ,&nbsp;Huiwang Peng ,&nbsp;Sisi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces (UGS) are recognized as effective strategy to regulate microclimates. The vertical structure and size of UGS are both key factors influencing their microclimate regulation capacity. However, in different seasons and under extreme weather conditions such as heatwaves, the cross-effect of vertical structure and size, as well as the impact of energy and water vapor transfer processes within UGS on their microclimate regulation ability, remain largely underexplored. In this study, we developed a thermal environment model and conducted a full year numerical simulation. The results indicate that while UGS generally have a cooling effect, this effect is not always consistent. For instance, during periods of low soil water content, UGS may experience higher air temperatures than residential areas. Within UGS, trees, shrubs, and soils play distinct roles in microclimate regulation. Trees primarily reduce radiation flux through shading, while shrubs and soils contribute to microclimate regulation through ET. Larger UGS generally exhibit a more significant cooling effect, with a clear threshold between size and cooling efficiency, particularly evident in densely vegetated UGS. Furthermore, UGS demonstrates a greater capacity for microclimate regulation during heatwaves. The implementation of irrigation management could further enhance their potential for microclimate regulation. These findings suggest that UGS design and management, including vertical structure and irrigation, should be optimized in urban planning to enhance cooling, especially during extreme heat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 105370"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whose woods are these? Forest patch characteristics and ownership across cities of the eastern United States","authors":"Nancy F. Sonti ,&nbsp;Matthew E. Baker ,&nbsp;Michael Allman ,&nbsp;Richard A. Hallett ,&nbsp;Michelle P. Katoski ,&nbsp;Katherine Lautar ,&nbsp;Max R. Piana ,&nbsp;Clara C. Pregitzer","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests in cities are important social and ecological resources that vary in spatial extent, configuration, and ownership across urban areas, yet these patterns are not well described. Using high resolution urban tree canopy maps and planimetric data from three major cities of the eastern United States (New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; Baltimore, MD), we distinguish patches of forest from other tree canopy types. We then compare forest patch spatial characteristics and ownership across the three cities. Baltimore has the greatest citywide forest patch cover (8.3 %) and forest patch area per resident (29.5 m²/person), followed by Philadelphia (6.3 % and 13.7 m²/person) and New York City (3.9 % and 3.5 m²/person). Baltimore’s forest also has the largest median patch sizes, and the lowest citywide forest edge to core ratio. Thus, we find Baltimore’s forest cover to be more concentrated and less fragmented than the other two cities. While all cities have a majority of forest patch area located on municipal property, Baltimore has the greatest amount of privately owned forest, followed by Philadelphia and then NYC. Baltimore also has the largest number of property parcels and owner types per patch compared to the other two cities. These patterns in distribution of forest cover reflect historical and present-day processes of local ecology and economic development, and have implications for effective conservation and management of forests in cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 105374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and ecological factors on the perception of cultural ecosystem services and disservices: Insights from Shanghai, China","authors":"Rongfei Su ,&nbsp;Shiyu Ye ,&nbsp;Linlin Yu ,&nbsp;Jingbin Wu ,&nbsp;Yan Kang ,&nbsp;Ruishan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban habitat gardens, designed at the urban community scale, are increasingly recognized as vital components of urban green infrastructure, contributing to biodiversity conservation and enhancing urban resident well-being. Despite their growing implementation, comprehensive studies examining their delivery of cultural ecosystem services (CESs) in densely populated areas remain limited. Previous research has predominantly focused on ecological impacts while largely neglecting the social dimensions influencing CES perception and valuation. This study bridges this gap by conceptualizing the multiscale feedback framework linking cultural ecosystem services and urban socio-ecological drivers. Using a mixed-methods approach, we then testified the conceptual framework by a case study focusing on eight habitat gardens in Changning District, Shanghai city of China. Results indicate that recreational and aesthetic values were most highly rated, while inspiration received the lowest valuation. Approximately 30% of residents reported disservices including animal disturbances, safety concerns, and health issues. Both social factors (age, education, gender, employment), usage patterns (visit frequency, duration), and ecological characteristics (plant diversity, landscape connectivity) significantly influenced CES perceptions. The findings underscore the necessity of integrating ecological properties with community characteristics to optimize habitat gardens’ efficacy in biodiversity conservation and CES delivery. We recommend holistic strategies that balance ecological and social sustainability in urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 105373"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research note: assessing human preferences for natural landscapes—an analysis of ChatGPT-4 and LLaVA models","authors":"Yu-Hsin Tung ,&nbsp;Zhe-Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Meng-Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Chun-Yen Chang ,&nbsp;Chien-Chung Chen ,&nbsp;Li-Chih Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) to approximate human preferences for and aesthetic judgments of natural landscapes using natural language processing techniques. Our research addresses the gap in understanding how well LLMs can replicate complex human perceptions related to landscape preferences. We compared human responses and model predictions across 30 natural scenes in five landscape preference dimensions—complexity, coherence, legibility, mystery, and overall preference. Responses from 50 human participants formed the benchmark for assessing predictions by Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT)-4 and Large Language and Vision Assistant (LLaVA). Correlations between human responses and model predictions evaluated the extent of AI’s ability to mimic complex human perceptions. The results indicate that GPT-4 and LLaVA align significantly with human judgments of complexity, coherence, mystery, and overall preference but not of legibility, which highlights the challenge of evaluating nuanced aspects of natural landscapes using LLMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 105371"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What to do with the spaces in between? The social-ecological value of informal green space and the challenge of planning the unplanned","authors":"Hugh R. Stanford","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolving discourse around IGS – the unplanned and unintended green spaces in our cities – has developed to a point where we have a strong and growing understanding of their diverse social-ecological value. With our growing understanding of IGS comes the capacity and responsibility to think more critically about how these spaces should be more actively considered in land use decision making to improve social and environmental justice outcomes. The paper explores this concept, outlining three strategies to assist planners and managers make more informed decisions regarding IGS. The three strategies include the strategic hands-off approach, formalisation approach, and temporary use approach. No single approach is suitable in all circumstances, and the paper discusses the strengths and weakness of each. The strategic hands-off approach allows IGS to develop naturally with minimal intervention, making it suitable for sites with existing ecological or social value. The formalisation approach converts IGS into more formal green spaces – such as parks – capitalising on the potential of an IGS site, while possibly destroying any existing value in the process. The temporary use approach strikes a balance between these two methods, allowing and supporting some smaller scale installations while ensuring the most valuable existing site features are retained. Finally, I outline several key outstanding questions to guide future research in the field of IGS and green space planning. This paper guides decision-makers by discussing the advantages and limitations of each approach and suggests future research directions to enhance IGS planning and management in the urban environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 105372"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of urban street visual color environment based on the CEP-KASS framework","authors":"Ningjun Chen,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Tao Xu,&nbsp;Miao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The colors of urban streets play a vital role in shaping the city's image and influencing people's emotional perceptions. However, the relationship between street color environments and residents' perceptions has rarely been explored in depth, and existing studies predominantly adopt qualitative approaches. To accurately and effectively assess the connection and impact between street landscape colors and residents' emotional perceptions, this paper introduces a quantitative research framework based on multi-source data: the Color Emotion Perception framework with K-Means, SegNet, and SVM (CEP-KASS). This framework innovatively integrates residents' perceptions with urban color characteristics, offering a new perspective and direction for urban color planning. This study focuses on the central districts of Tianjin, employing machine learning models to predict human perception of Baidu Street View Images (BSVI) and to extract color characteristics from these images. An analysis is then conducted on the relationship between street landscape colors and human emotional perceptions. The findings indicate that, in terms of color perception, the prevalence of blue and green is positively correlated with emotions of prosperity and vitality, while the prevalence of red and yellow is negatively correlated with feelings of safety. Regarding color attributes, bright colors lead to higher boredom perception scores in urban street spaces, while excessively low brightness reduces the attractiveness of these areas to residents. Brightness is inversely related to vitality perception scores, and modulating brightness inversely can enhance the vitality perception in urban outdoor spaces. The main contribution of this study lies in its analysis of the relationship between street colors and human perception from the perspective of color psychology. Additionally, the CEP-KASS framework facilitates comprehensive measurement and analysis of color and perception, which can be extended to research in other cities. The research findings provide valuable insights for planners, allowing them to consider the impact of color changes in decision-making to enhance residents' spatial perception and emotional experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 105359"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}