Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献

{"title":"How small green spaces cool urban neighbourhoods: Optimising distribution, size and shape","authors":"Yehan Wu ,&nbsp;Agnès Patuano ,&nbsp;Bardia Mashhoodi ,&nbsp;Sanda Lenzholzer ,&nbsp;Andy Acred ,&nbsp;Laura Narvaez Zertuche","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How can green spaces smaller than 1 ha improve outdoor thermal conditions in urban neighbourhoods? Considering the variability of cooling effects based on the relevant urban design parameters of size, shape, and spatial distribution, this study entailed development of different design scenarios combining these parameters for four neighbourhood typologies and simulates the thermal sensation of these scenarios using ENVI-met. Three aspects of cooling effects — the inside and outside cooling as well as the Park Cool Island (PCI) effects of the green spaces are separately analysed. The study shows that inside the small green spaces, the mean Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) of different cases can vary up to 4 ℃. Larger green spaces with a squared shape lead to cooler PET inside. For a good cooling outside the green spaces, a configuration of grouped small green areas can reduce the PET by 1.3 ℃, with distribution of the green spaces being the most influential factor. The PCI effect is mainly determined by size and shape of the green spaces, where a bigger size and squared shape leads to better cooling effects. But for neighbourhoods with radial streets, it is more related to the spatial distribution, which can result in a reduction of 10.2 ℃ in PCI for linear green spaces next to narrow streets. Guidelines for effective design scenarios are generated from this research, providing urban designers and planners with practical reference in neighbourhood greening projects for cooler cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105224"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where to fly? Landscape influences on the movement and spatial ecology of a threatened apex predator","authors":"Nicholas Carter ,&nbsp;John G. White ,&nbsp;William Bridgeman ,&nbsp;Nick Bradsworth ,&nbsp;Tobias A. Ross ,&nbsp;Raylene Cooke","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effectively managing apex predators in human-modified landscapes poses considerable challenges. Habitat fragmentation disperses resources across wider expanses and undermines the ability of apex predators to reach isolated habitat patches as they traverse multi-tenured landscapes comprising unsuitable habitat. Understanding a species response to landscape configuration is key to informing effective management strategies, particularly for threatened, mobile and ecologically important species like apex predators. Here we use GPS tracking data collected from 37 powerful owls (<em>Ninox strenua</em>), an Australian threatened apex predator that occurs across the urban-agricultural-forest gradient, to investigate how landscape characteristics influence their spatial and movement behaviour. We demonstrate that as habitat fragmentation increases, the spatial requirements of powerful owls expand, their home-range shape becomes more intricate and individuals travel further each night, significantly adjusting their movement behaviours and spatial configurations to connect remaining habitat. Landscapes with unified and connected habitats, on the other hand, have smaller spatial requirements, likely due to greater habitat availability that minimises competition for essential resources. This facilitates the establishment of smaller home-ranges and consequently, the occurrence of more territories. Interestingly, landscape characteristics did not influence sequential nightly visitation behaviour, suggesting that powerful owls across all landscape types visit different portions of their home-range each night to exert an unpredictable hunting strategy regardless of local landscape conditions. Our research highlights the importance of integrating the influence of local landscape features and visitation behaviours into decision-making processes. This integration is crucial for informing effective conservation strategies aimed at supporting apex predator survival in disturbed landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105218"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban green space in transition: A cross-continental perspective from eight Global North and South cities","authors":"Ahmed Derdouri ,&nbsp;Yuji Murayama ,&nbsp;Takehiro Morimoto ,&nbsp;Ruci Wang ,&nbsp;Niloofar Haji Mirza Aghasi","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green space (UGS) plays a vital role in enhancing the resilience and livability of cities. However, the distribution and accessibility of these spaces often vary significantly within and between cities, raising concerns about environmental justice and social equity. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of UGS and assess population exposure and equality implications across eight diverse cities from the Global North (GN) and Global South (GS) over the past three decades. Employing a multimethod approach combining geospatial analysis, remote sensing, and statistical techniques, this study reveals an alarming global trend of decreasing UGS, with GS cities experiencing more rapid decline than GN cities. The analysis of UGS exposure uncovers distinct trends and variations across cities, with GN cities generally having higher exposure but showing a concerning decline over time, while GS cities display mixed patterns. Arid-climate cities Phoenix and Riyadh have managed to maintain low but stable UGS levels despite their unique climatic challenges. Urbanization emerges as a dominant force driving the decline in UGS, with GS cities facing significantly higher pressures than GN cities. The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive urban greening strategies that prioritize UGS protection and expansion, innovative policies, community engagement, and data-driven decision-making to promote equitable and sustainable urban environments. This study contributes to the growing research on urban greening by providing a comparative analysis of UGS trajectories and exposure equality implications across diverse cities, underscoring the importance of context-specific approaches and inclusive planning processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling environmental inequalities in high-density Asian city: City-scaled comparative analysis of green space coverage within 10-minute walk from private, public, and rural housing","authors":"Ka Ying Sit ,&nbsp;Wendy Y. Chen ,&nbsp;Ka Yiu Ng ,&nbsp;Keumseok Koh ,&nbsp;Hongsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While increasing studies acknowledge the potential of green spaces to alleviate urban environmental problems in high-density cities, there is growing attention to the socio-spatial inequalities in green space allocation. Few studies have assessed these inequalities by considering the green space coverage along citizens’ walking trips from their homes within the context of pedestrian-centric and mixed-residential developments in high-density cities. Therefore, this study (1) evaluated green space coverage near home and within residents’ 10-minute walk from each residential building in Hong Kong, (2) estimated the population living in green space-deprived environments, and (3) explored their relationships with socioeconomic and built-environment characteristics. Results revealed that private housing residents living in lower-income and higher-density areas in the urban core were the most prone to low green space coverage. In contrast, public housing consistently offered medium levels of green space coverages regardless of community income and urban form. Additionally, high-density new town development demonstrated the potential for equitable green space allocation across different housing types. As cities increasingly embrace high-density development and promote active transportation, this study provides valuable insights for implementing housing and greening initiatives that foster healthy living environments in high-density cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105225"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marshes to mangroves: Residential surveys reveal perceived wetland trade-offs for ecosystem services","authors":"Savannah H. Swinea ,&nbsp;A. Randall Hughes ,&nbsp;Michael J. Osland ,&nbsp;Christine C. Shepard ,&nbsp;Kalaina B. Thorne ,&nbsp;Jahson B. Alemu I ,&nbsp;Rémi Bardou ,&nbsp;Steven B. Scyphers","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal landscapes are rapidly changing due to both climate change and the decisions of waterfront landowners. For instance, the climate-driven encroachment of woody mangrove species into grassy marshland areas is predicted to impact coastal ecosystems, with consequences for the ecosystem services these landscapes provide to people. However, there is a dearth of knowledge concerning coastal resident perceptions of the effects of mangrove expansion on wetlands and their ecosystem services, which may impact residents’ behavior around shorelines and landscape-level patterns. We surveyed waterfront residents in the northern Gulf of Mexico (USA) to understand perceptions of the relative performance of marshes and mangroves to deliver fisheries ecosystem services. Residential-scale shoreline condition and preference, recreational fishing activity, geography, and demographics were evaluated as potential predictors of resident perceptions through non-parametric comparisons across groups and ordered logit modeling. Significant predictors included area of residence, marsh shoreline condition, marsh shoreline preference, fishing frequency, and household income. Florida residents (where mangroves are most prevalent) and frequent recreational fishing participants exhibited stronger preference for mangroves. Unexpectedly, residents with marsh currently present on their shoreline also perceived that mangroves were better at delivering fisheries ecosystem services than marshes. Considering the important role that coastal residents play in shoreline management decisions, these results demonstrate how coastal resident attitudes may drive or mediate climate-driven processes in ways that are not evident by examining environmental conditions alone. Understanding social-ecological shifts due to climate change will be important to inform effective landscape management that promotes resilience in coastal ecosystems and societies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-parcel scale analysis is needed to capture socially-driven canopy cover change in Baltimore, MD","authors":"Dexter H. Locke ,&nbsp;Alessandro Ossola ,&nbsp;John Paul Schmit ,&nbsp;J. Morgan Grove","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban tree canopy (UTC) cover is rarely distributed equitably across social groups, space, and time. Over the past 20 years, research on the social, spatial, and temporal dynamics of UTC has grown considerably as municipalities adopt ambitious tree canopy cover goals. Yet less is known about how these three dimensions of tree canopy intersect. This paper brings these research areas together by examining i) which sets of social variables--population density, socioeconomic status, or lifestyle--are associated with UTC cover on residential lands, ii) how those relationships vary from front to back yard, and iii) how those relationships are associated with tree canopy cover changes in Baltimore, MD from 2013 to 2018, to more wholistically understand UTC. Socially, population density and social stratification predict tree canopy cover on residential lands, but not as well as lifestyle and life stage factors. More detailed and finer-grain social categories perform best. Spatially, models that explicitly separate front and backyards fit the data better than all-residential statistical models. Ignoring the front yard vs back yard distinction may hinder future theory development, limit the generalizability of empirical research findings, and prevent managers from realizing their canopy goals. Temporally, UTC across residential yards had a positive, though not significant, change likely from the relatively short period (5 y) considered. A fruitful next step could be to model how much planting, maintenance, and loss minimization is needed to achieve the city’s 40 % canopy goal with various scenarios for mortality, longevity, and removal over several timesteps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105187"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking beyond general greenness: The nuanced associations between a variety of greenspaces and cardiovascular diseases across urbanicity","authors":"Yuwen Yang ,&nbsp;Bin Jiang ,&nbsp;Lan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Peng Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally. Exposure to greenspaces has been proposed to be beneficial for CVDs. However, past studies have often overlooked how varying levels of urbanicity may differently impact the relationships between greenspaces and cardiovascular health. Moreover, different types of greenspaces uniquely affect people’s behaviors and psychological wellbeing, potentially yielding distinct effects on CVDs.</div><div>This study investigates the associations between population-weighted exposure to various types of greenspaces and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in the US at tract level, and whether these associations are modified by urbanicity.</div><div>We identified a contrasting difference in health effects between greenspaces inside and outside park. Neighbourhoods with more forest (CHD <em>β</em> = −2.99, 95 % CI: −4.25, −1.73; stroke <em>β</em> = −1.85, 95 % CI: −2.56, −1.13) and open space (CHD <em>β</em> = −4.31, 95 % CI: −5.49, −3.14; stroke <em>β</em> = −2.33, 95 % CI: −3.00, −1.66) inside park were associated with a lower prevalence of CVDs, whereas more forest (CHD <em>β</em> = 7.67, 95 % CI: 5.81, 9.54; stroke <em>β</em> = 3.01, 95 % CI: 1.95, 4.07) and open space (CHD <em>β</em> = 11.52, 95 % CI: 9.99, 13.05; stroke <em>β</em> = 5.77, 95 % CI:4.90, 6.64) outside park were associated with a higher prevalence of CVDs. We observed a reversal pattern across urbanicity: the significant beneficial associations only held in highly urbanized tracts but attenuated or reversed in the three less urbanized tracts.</div><div>These findings highlight a need to prioritize investment in parks within walking distance to urban residents and improve the accessibility and design of rural greenspaces. We propose the Landscape Compensation Effect, which may serve as a new theoretical framework to guide future research and design practices of greenspaces to promote the cardiovascular health of both urban and rural residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of green, blue, and gray measures for climate change adaptation on children’s well-being in schoolyards in Barcelona","authors":"Marta Sanz-Mas ,&nbsp;Xavier Continente ,&nbsp;Sílvia Brugueras ,&nbsp;Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo ,&nbsp;Laura Oliveras ,&nbsp;María José López","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eleven primary schools in Barcelona were adapted to cope with the effects of climate change under the framework of a European program. Green (vegetation), blue (fountains), and gray (shade structures) interventions were implemented in the schoolyards in 2020. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these schoolyard transformations on students’ health and its social determinants. A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted: (1) a quantitative pre-post quasi-experimental study using self-reported questionnaires administered to all sixth-grade students from 21 schools (11 from an intervention group and 10 from a comparison group); and (2) a qualitative evaluation through photovoice-based sessions with 11- to 12-year-old students and interviews with teachers from the intervention group. We measured changes in perceptions of the schoolyard environment, play and social behavior, and students’ health and well-being. Data were analyzed using a difference-in-differences approach for quantitative data and a thematic content analysis for qualitative data. After the intervention, both students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the schoolyard environment improved. They reported a decrease in heat sensation and an enhancement in schoolyard attractiveness and naturalization. Additionally, qualitative results suggest that the interventions promoted play opportunities and social inclusion, while reducing conflict behavior. Post-intervention, students also reported increased feelings of relaxation, safety, and physical comfort in the schoolyard. Our findings suggest the effects of the interventions may differ by gender. We identified potential areas for improvement in terms of cooling capacity, safety, water saving, and students’ autonomy. This study supports the need to extend climate adaptations to other schools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002056/pdfft?md5=987fe4cfcc87c8d5aaa281673e776e87&pid=1-s2.0-S0169204624002056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear and threshold effects of the built environment, road vehicles and air pollution on urban vitality","authors":"Quang Cuong Doan ,&nbsp;Jun Ma ,&nbsp;Shuting Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of factors such as the built environment, road vehicles, and air quality on urban vitality attracts increasing interest in urban planning and design research. However, tacit assumptions of linear relationships between these factors have been embedded in most studies, leading to biased estimations of their effects on urban vitality. This study addresses the gap by using machine learning models and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to investigate the non-linear and threshold effects of the built environment, road vehicles and air pollution on urban vitality, using Manhattan as a study case. Urban vitality was represented by pedestrian presence in 29,540 street-view images. Results showed that Extreme Gradient Boosting outperformed Ordinary Least Squares, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees in urban vitality estimation. It reveals that while the built environment variables explained a significant portion (77.5 %) of the variance in urban vitality, road vehicles (such as bicycles, buses, cars and motorbikes) and ozone concentrations accounted for 15.18 % and 1.46 %, respectively. The built environment and road vehicle factors exhibit positive nonlinear relationships with urban vitality. Meanwhile, ozone concentration demonstrated a negative threshold effect on urban vitality with a threshold at 27.5 ppb. This study advances our understanding of the threshold effect mechanism of the factors on urban vitality, offering insights into fostering sustainable urban environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105204"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002032/pdfft?md5=e6610b7dae8d746077613dd14f539690&pid=1-s2.0-S0169204624002032-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confronting the controversy over neighborhood effect bias in green exposure: Using large-scale multi-temporal mobile signal data","authors":"Yutian Lu ,&nbsp;Junghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Xianfan Shu ,&nbsp;Weiwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to green spaces is known to enhance residents’ physical and mental well-being, making accurate assessment of individual green exposure crucial. Traditional research often relies on fixed residential-based assessments, neglecting individual daily mobility, which can lead to estimation biases known as neighborhood effect biases, including the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) and neighborhood effect polarization problem (NEPP), due to varying sampling periods, seasonal changes, and sample selection biases. This study innovatively examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of residents’ green exposure and neighborhood effect heterogeneity using large-scale (330,160 residents), multi-temporal (across four seasons in one year) mobile signal data (over 1.38 billion signal points). Overall, NEAP is dominant among the population. We found that “time restrictions” are key to neighborhood effect biases: on weekends or during spring and autumn (pleasant weather), NEAP is more likely to exhibit due to flexible travel, compensating for less greenery at home by visiting greener areas. Conversely, the probability of NEPP increases on weekdays due to strict commuting schedules or during summer and winter due to extreme weather conditions. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors such as income and gender differentially modulate access to green spaces, demonstrating complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity. These insights address the controversy over neighborhood effects of green exposure in previous studies and provide a new perspective for accurate environmental exposure assessments and their health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105222"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002214/pdfft?md5=a429482820a300835c6fa32993fe8db5&pid=1-s2.0-S0169204624002214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}