Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献

{"title":"Compositional novelty of plant, fungal and bacterial communities across urban habitats","authors":"Eduardo Fernández-Pascual ,&nbsp;Zuzana Ferencova ,&nbsp;Víctor González-García ,&nbsp;Borja Jiménez-Alfaro","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding urban community novelty can help to predict the rewilding potential of vacant urban spaces, facilitating their integration into biodiverse cities. We tested the hypothesis that cities are composed of different degrees of ecological novelty by studying four urban habitats with differing degrees of management and human legacy: park lawns, roadsides, residential vacant lots, and industrial vacant lots. We focused on community compositional novelty by comparing the plant, fungal and bacterial species composition between urban habitats and two reference pre-urban habitats: forests and meadows. We used a compositional novelty index based on multidimensional ordination, which is straightforward to calculate and only requires species co-occurrence data for urban and reference habitats. As expected, (1) plants displayed the highest novelty and bacteria the lowest; (2) urban communities were markedly different from forests and relatively more similar to meadows; and (3) compositional novelty was highest in industrial lots. Managed park lawns, which we had expected to be highly novel, were relatively close to hay meadows. The lowest novelty was recorded in residential vacant lots, which had biological communities that more closely resembled those of pre-urban habitats. Our results highlight the effect of habitat type as a major driver of urban community composition and novelty. This suggests that city biodiversity can be enhanced by an integrative approach to the urban landscape that favors habitat heterogeneity by passive rewilding of park lawns, non-intervention on residential vacant lots, direct restoration of industrial lots, and conservation of natural and agricultural habitat remnants as sources of native species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105517"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone location data show park use patterns in extreme heat (Los Angeles, California, USA)","authors":"Bethany Woo ,&nbsp;Samara Fruman ,&nbsp;Renato Escobar ,&nbsp;Alondra Gallegos ,&nbsp;Jasmine Kim ,&nbsp;Jana Salomon ,&nbsp;Danielle Sonobe ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Van ,&nbsp;Sahar Derakhshan ,&nbsp;Travis Longcore","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change, combined with the Urban Heat Island effect, will generate more frequent, intense extreme heat events. These events can induce heat stroke, organ damage, and death, especially in lower-income communities, communities of color, and people with chronic health conditions. Research demonstrates parks mitigate extreme heat and combat Urban Heat Island effects locally. To investigate how parks provide heat relief in Los Angeles County, California, we compared park use on extreme heat and control days from the summer of 2017. Our research uses big spatial datasets from smartphone devices to describe broad park use. We intersected anonymous smartphone geolocation data with county parks and census tract layers, then analyzed how the time of day, day of week, and park amenities influenced visitation. Then, we assigned users location-based social sensitivity indices using nighttime locations to explore demographic influence on park use. We found 1) park attendance decreased during extreme heat, 2) temporal convenience, rather than cooling amenities, influenced park use, and 3) users were more likely to visit parks with similar social sensitivity scores as their residence. Our results highlight the influence of social factors above extreme heat on park user behavior. We recommend that city planners focus on equitably and creatively distributing blue and green cooling amenities to communities (i.e. areas of convenience, common daily routes), rather than enhancing parks specifically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105499"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in tree composition and diversity of streetscapes and their impact on allergenic risk of pollen during urban expansion: a case study in Chengdu, China","authors":"Ming-kun Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen-ru Yang ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Hua Zong ,&nbsp;Chen Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street trees are an important component of urban landscapes and provide diverse ecological and social services to city dwellers. However, allergenic pollen released by street trees also harm human health. During China’s rapid urban expansion, little has been documented about the changes of the composition, diversity, and allergenic risk of street trees. Therefore, the streetscape of the old and new districts in Chengdu City, the first designated “Park City” in China, was selected as the study site of this study. All 502 streets, including 56,125 trees, in the old district and 413 streets, including 70,134 trees, in the new district, were placed into five street categories according to their width for cross-analysis. The two districts exhibited remarkably similar landscape compositions, with 38 shared tree species contributing to a uniform visual interface, though more tree species were recorded in the new district (48 species) compared to the old district (43 species). The per capita number of street trees in the new district was 0.11, exceeding 0.04 in the old district. However, there were no significant differences among the five street categories of the two districts in mean diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and <em>α</em>-diversity. T An excess of big trees (DBH ≥ 15.2 cm) was found in the new district. There were significantly fewer <em>Platanus acerifolia</em> and <em>Erythrina variegate</em> in the new district; however, there was a much higher percentage of flowering ornamental trees and colored-leaf trees, especially in precinct and community streets. This reflected the contemporary demands from city dwellers for more colorful and manageable streetscapes. As the street width decreased, the values of the urban green zone allergenicity index (I_UGZA) in the new district increased, while I_UGZA values were bimodal in the old district. The I_UGZA value in the precinct and community streets of the old district greatly exceeded the upper limit of 1.0; the I_UGZA value of community streets in the new district also exceeded 1.0. These street categories exhibited a very high allergenic risk of pollen from their tree landscapes. Overall, the new district’s streetscapes exhibited a lower allergenic risk of pollen than the old district due to a reduced proportion of high-VPA (potential allergenicity) tree species, demonstrating clearer health benefits. In addition, Pearson’s correlation analysis identified that tree species richness was the key factor significantly affecting the I_UGZA value. Based on these findings, this study suggests that optimizing streetscapes management—such as selecting tree species with low VPA, intensifying crown pruning before flowering seasons, and applying targeted pollen-suppression agents—could further mitigate pollen allergenic risks and enhance urban livability in Chengdu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105503"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating sufficiency-oriented lifestyles and socio-political acceptance of land-use changes in urban sustainability transformations","authors":"Eveliina Dunkel ,&nbsp;Janina Käyhkö ,&nbsp;Adrienne Grêt-Regamey ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Raymond","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reaching European climate targets calls for lifestyle changes aligned with the idea of sufficiency – living well with less. Despite increased interest in sufficiency, little research has examined how residents’ acceptance of more sustainable land-uses varies across lifestyles with different levels of sufficiency orientation. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationships between urban lifestyles and socio-political acceptance of land-use changes, including willingness to give up carbon-intensive mobility and housing practices across cities and neighbourhoods in southern Finland. We administered an online survey to a random sample of residents in Helsinki, Lahti and the neighbourhood of Länsiväylä and collected a total of 896 survey responses. Cluster analysis was used to distinguish a set of urban lifestyles that vary in their sufficiency orientation, which were subsequently related to socio-political acceptance of land-use changes. We found that sufficiency-oriented residents often prefer walking and public transport, and they are more likely to accept various land-use changes in support of sustainability outcomes in urban areas. We also found locational differences in the relationships between socio-political acceptance of land use change and lifestyle clusters. Together our findings can help in addressing the pressing environmental challenges in cities in a more targeted way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105502"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of geospatial measures of greenspace with adolescent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: A systematic review","authors":"Yijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziang Li ,&nbsp;Sandra Mandic ,&nbsp;Thomas Astell-Burt ,&nbsp;J. Aaron Hipp ,&nbsp;Hayley McGlashan-Fainu ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Melody Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenspace has been linked to adolescent health and well-being outcomes, with physical activity potential pathway for achieving benefits. Robust evidence is needed to inform policymaking and environmental interventions. The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify, summarise, and evaluate studies on the associations between geospatial measures of greenspace (i.e., using geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS)) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescents. We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. Five databases were searched using relevant keywords for articles published from 1980 onwards. Studies were imported to Covidence for duplicate screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Harvest plots were used to visually summarise and examine patterns in relationships between greenspace and adolescent MVPA. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria and provided sufficient data to extract associations of greenspace with adolescent MVPA. Seven articles reported positive relationships between greenspace and adolescent MVPA, five reported no significant associations, and two reported inconsistent results. All studies that measure actual greenspace exposure using GPS showed significant positive correlation with adolescents’ MVPA. While positive associations between greenspace and MVPA among adolescents were found in over half (64 %) of the studies included in this review, the number of studies specifically targeting this age group is limited. Exploring which features of greenspace encourage MVPA across different groups and examining the actual use of greenspace is needed. Addressing these gaps will provide more comprehensive evidence to inform policies and environmental strategies aimed at enhancing adolescent health and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105498"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 exposure risk: An assessment framework based on residents’ travel behavior using mobile phone data","authors":"Chenyi Song ,&nbsp;Zihao Chen ,&nbsp;Wentao Yan ,&nbsp;Yuting Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure assessment is a crucial method for evaluating the impact of environmental pollution on human health. However, existing methodological frameworks for air pollution exposure risk assessment have failed to adequately integrate individual mobility patterns and environmental media, and encounter limitations in performing macro-scale evaluations and spatially mapping outcomes. To address these limitations, this study proposes a dynamic exposure risk assessment framework that incorporates individual travel behavior using mobile phone data at a macro scale, building upon two novel indicators—travel aggregation and travel regularity. The proposed framework provides innovative insights into how residents’ travel behaviors affect specific spatial exposure risks. We assessed PM_2.5 exposure risk in Shanghai, examining its spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dominant influencing factors. The results indicated that travel activity characteristics significantly affected the spatial distribution of PM_2.5 exposure risk during peak travel periods. In the morning, PM_2.5 exposure was highly correlated with travel regularity, while high PM_2.5 concentration and high travel aggregation further increased the exposure risk. High Exposure Risk Areas (HERAs) accounted for 29% of the total area, mainly distributed in central urban districts, major transportation corridors, and industrial clusters. We also found that dominant factors and built environment conditions of HERAs varied across locations, leading to the proposal of differentiated planning and governance strategies to address particular exposure problems. This study’s framework incorporates residents’ travel behavior into assessing air pollution exposure risk in specific spaces at a macro scale, providing decision support for air quality management and healthy urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105501"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying multi-decadal urban growth using Hexagon spy satellite imagery and deep learning building detection across four global cities","authors":"Franz Schug ,&nbsp;Neda K. Kasraee ,&nbsp;Akash Anand ,&nbsp;MacKenzy T. Groth-Price ,&nbsp;Mihai D. Nita ,&nbsp;Afag Rizayeva ,&nbsp;Volker C. Radeloff","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Datasets capturing building distribution, size, function, and arrangement are essential for creating sustainable and resilient settlements. This is because building patterns directly affect human well-being, environmental conditions, and climate change. Remote sensing excels at accurately mapping building data. However, large-scale analyses often rely on medium-resolution satellite imagery, which lacks building-level detail, and multispectral high-resolution satellite imagery, capable of detecting individual buildings, is limited by the absence of data before 2000 when many world regions experienced rapid urban growth. Here, we evaluated the potential of high-resolution panchromatic Hexagon spy satellite imagery from the 1970s to map urban growth. We employed a Mask R-CNN deep learning model to detect building footprints in Hexagon imagery from 1972 to 1979 across four urban growth hotspots: San Diego County (USA), Madison (USA), Harare (Zimbabwe), and Hyderabad (India). Our model achieved high precision (0.83–0.91) and detected 73–94 % of the total building area at each site. However, recall, indicating higher false negative rates, was lower in in complex, dense urban environments (0.51–0.57 in Harare and Hyderabad) compared to more standardized US settlements (0.71–0.77). By comparing our data to contemporary building data, we found considerable urban structural changes and urban expansion reaching 350 % in our USA sites and 482 % in Harare. Despite lower accuracy than modern high-resolution analyses, our approach using Hexagon data extends the baseline for historic urban studies by three decades and is available globally, thus enabling mapping up to half a century of urban growth well before the availability of modern high-resolution satellite imagery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105500"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian urban planners’ preparedness to act on climate change","authors":"Anna C. HURLIMANN,&nbsp;Sareh MOOSAVI,&nbsp;Alan MARCH,&nbsp;Judy BUSH,&nbsp;Georgia WARREN-MYERS","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use and development patterns have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and on managing the risk that climate change poses. Thus, urban planners play a critical role in addressing climate change, working with diverse built environment actors such as landscape architects. However, research indicates that while urban planners know about climate change, their self-perceived skills and competence are limited. This paper seeks to understand the preparedness of Australian urban planners to act on climate change (both mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change impacts). Through in-depth interviews with 23 diverse Australian urban planners, preparedness to act on climate change is explored using Moser and Luers’ AAA climate change preparedness theory: <strong>A</strong>wareness of climate change; <strong>A</strong>nalytical capacity to address climate change; and <strong>A</strong>ctions taken to address climate change. Most respondents were able to identify climate change risks (awareness). Climate change risks were being assessed (analytical capacity) at a minimum through planning policy and tools informed by flood modelling and other risk assessments. In more progressive practice, planners draw upon internal or external climate change expertise beyond the planning system tools. The most frequently stated action taken by respondents to address climate change was the development of policies and strategies within their own organisation – from development of climate adaptation plans by those working in government, to organisational sustainability plans for those in the private sector. Results indicate the urban planning system is at times a facilitator of climate change action. A proportion of respondents were only exposed to climate change information, analytical capacity and actions due to planning tools. A framework of climate change preparedness was developed, demonstrating examples of low to high preparedness observed across respondents. The paper identifies characteristics of urban planning cliamte change front-runners, and suggests ways to progress climate change action through urban planning practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105486"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-national comparison of the restorative potential of urban forests in different seasons","authors":"Xiaohao Yang ,&nbsp;David Grace ,&nbsp;Chongxian Chen ,&nbsp;Derek Van Berkel ,&nbsp;Nathan Fox ,&nbsp;Mark Lindquist","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how people perceive environmental features is important for designing restorative and inclusive landscapes. While landscape perception is known to affect psychological responses, how this varies with cultural background and seasonal change is less well known. This study investigated whether and how culture affects the restorative potential of urban forests in different seasons via an online experiment using 360-degree videos recorded in summer and fall. Environmental characteristics were extracted from visible vegetation of images, acoustic metrics were computed based on sound recordings, and landscape spatial features were analyzed through viewshed analysis with LiDAR-derived digital models. Restorative potential was elicited from 104 participants in 12 randomly selected sites within forest, field, and water site types. Results from linear mixed-effects models show restorative potential depends upon cross-national differences in response to seasonal change and landscape attributes of greenness, foreground depth, and horizontal area, highlighting the need to consider the cultural contexts of present and future users in planning, designing, and managing urban forests for restorativeness. Restorative potential was lower in fall scenes with larger horizontal area for Chinese participants compared to Americans, whereas it increased more steeply with greenness for Chinese participants. Addressing the need for restoration in urban forests, we discuss considerations for balancing vegetation and landscape spatial attributes based on the cultural characteristics of multiple visitor groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105491"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of plant form barriers and naturalness on visitors’ perceptions to park landscapes: a study of interactions between safety, privacy and preference","authors":"Aleksandra Lis","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety is often considered a priority when designing and maintaining urban parks. The need for privacy is much less frequently considered in this context, although the chance to seek out quiet places in a park may be an important motivation for visiting and may help to meet the social needs of city dwellers. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on people’s feelings and preferences, whereby the two variables of privacy and safety are examined simultaneously.</div><div>This study examined how the features of plant forms in a city park (the type of barriers they create and the naturalness of the plants) simultaneously affect sense of safety, privacy and preference, as well as the mechanism of the relationships between these three variables.</div><div>This study was based on intra-group factorial design, where respondents assessed park spaces presented in photos. The photos were manipulated based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms, as a result, 16 photos were devised according to the research plan: 2 (scene: with a path vs without a path) × 2 (naturalness: natural vs sculpted) × 4 (barriers; screen vs hideout vs functional barrier vs no barrier). The study, conducted in the form of an online survey using the CAWI (computer assisted web interview) method, involved 300 participants. Statistical analyses examined variance (repeated measures ANOVA) and mediating effects (mediation).</div><div>It was found that naturalness and barriers have different (opposite) effects on privacy and safety: in general, naturalness reduces safety and increases privacy, while barriers act in this way: the stronger the barrier, the greater the privacy and the weaker the sense of safety. Testing two mediation models (more precisely: suppression) confirmed that the positive impact of sense of privacy on preference is inhibited by sense of safety and vice versa – the positive impact of sense of safety on preference is inhibited by sense of privacy.</div><div>This research demonstrates that within the tested spatial features (barriers, naturalness), it is not possible to shape a space that simultaneously provides a high sense of privacy and safety. However, in places featuring plant barriers, sculpting greenery may strengthen the sense of safety while maintaining the privacy offered by the plant cover.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105494"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}