Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing urban three-dimensional landscapes in potential development areas to mitigate urban heat island effect under shared socioeconomic pathways","authors":"Shiyu Xiao ,&nbsp;Jialyu He ,&nbsp;Yao Yao ,&nbsp;Xun Liang ,&nbsp;Xia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban heat island (UHI) effect threatens human health. While optimizing the spatial structure of urban land use presents a promising strategy for UHI mitigation, few<!--> <!-->studies examined the feasibility of urban three-dimensional landscape optimization in potential development areas (PDA), resulting in unsuitable optimization results<!--> <!-->and<!--> <!-->computational inefficiency. To address these limitations, we develop a<!--> <!-->novel multi-objective optimization model for urban three-dimensional landscapes in PDA (3DLS-PO) that integrates the patch-generating simulation (PLUS) model and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PLUS model first simulates the PDA in the future under different scenarios. The PSO algorithm then allocates urban land use in the PDA to mitigate the UHI effects with the explored nonlinear relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and urban two- and three-dimensional landscapes. We<!--> <!-->applied the 3DLS-PO model to the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA) for 2030 under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. The SSP5 scenario achieves the maximum LST reduction of 5.18%, followed by SSP1 (4.60%) and SSP2 (2.34%). To mitigate the UHI effects in the TMA,<!--> <!-->high-rise buildings should be placed at the periphery of the TMA, low-rise buildings should be allocated to the suburbs, and green spaces should be scattered. The optimization results demonstrate substantial public health benefits, potentially preventing 3.01%-14.10% of heatstroke incidents in Tokyo. Incorporating the PDA also enhances the computational efficiency of the optimization process by 14 times. The 3DLS-PO model can provide support for addressing urban climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105490"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of grassland established in the US conservation reserve program (CRP)","authors":"Shuchao Ye,&nbsp;Chaoqun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant cropland expansion in the United States (US) has resulted in many environmental issues, such as soil erosion, biodiversity loss, soil and water pollution, etc. To mitigate adverse effects associated with cropland expansion, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) implemented the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in 1986, one of the US’s largest and most well-known acreage-reduction programs, to alleviate the environmental cost. However, the lack of time-series maps illustrating the spatial distribution of CRP constrains the evaluation of environmental benefits derived from the program. In this study, through integrating CRP statistics and multiple satellite-based land cover datasets, we developed a knowledge inference-based approach by considering CRP practices, contract period, and soil erosion effect to reconstruct CRP grassland maps. The map products developed here are designed to approximate the actual distribution of CRP grasslands, enabling quantitative assessment of CRP outcomes while reserving privacy and proprietary interests of individual farmers. The developed datasets cover the conterminous US from 1986 to 2020 with a resolution of 1 km by 1 km. Using CRP ground points across the US from the Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) program in 2011, we validated the developed CRP map, achieving an overall accuracy of 90 % within a tolerance of 5 km. The results indicate CRP grasslands expanded from 0.60 Mha in 1986 to 10.19 Mha by 1995, then remained stable at around 10.00 Mha for the next decade. However, the area declined steadily to 5.78 Mha by 2020, driven by rising crop prices and the reduced CRP enrollment cap. Spatially, the areas with high CRP percentages were observed in the Midwest and Northwest, the west of the Southern Great Plains, and the north of the Northern Great Plains. In addition, the developed maps include two kinds of CRP grass practices, “the grasslands converted from the former cropland (CPCP)” and “the existing grasslands that were previously replanted from cropland (CPEG)”. We further found that 9–11 % and 12–24 % of CPCP and CPEG have enrolled in CRP twice during 1985–2020, respectively, which may lead to different potentials of CRP-associated carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas reduction compared with one-time or continuous CRP lands. Overall, the developed time-series maps can serve as a good reference to identify the spatiotemporal changes of CRP grasslands and to inform the modeling studies for assessing the CRP-associated environmental benefits and supporting future policymaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105488"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscaping defensible space: Plant flammability testing informs recommendations to reduce community fire hazard","authors":"Kristina Fauss ,&nbsp;Joe V. Celebrezze ,&nbsp;Robert Lloyd Fitch ,&nbsp;Indra Boving ,&nbsp;Rachel Dye ,&nbsp;Max A. Moritz","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wildland urban interface (WUI) presents a unique planning challenge. Landscaped residential properties intersect with wild, fire-prone vegetation; however, WUI residents lack clear guidance on which plants pose higher or lower risk and how to manage vegetation to reduce fire hazard while also prioritizing landscaping design. This is largely due to the lack of information regarding how landscaping plants burn. This study provided a community-led approach to plant flammability testing, suggested an index to rank landscaping plant flammability, and offered landscaping guidance for residents of Southern California WUI communities. Community feedback revealed which ecosystem services (i.e., cultural: privacy) and plant species attributes (i.e., drought tolerance) were valued most by the community and helped identify common native species for flammability testing. Through laboratory flammability tests, interspecific differences in flammability were found as well as significant relationships between plant traits – hydration, branch, and leaf morphology – and flammability. Branching, mass, and drought stress were positively correlated with combustion intensity, whereas live fuel moisture (LFM) and stem surface area to volume ratio had a negative effect. These findings confirm the importance of minimizing plant mass near structures; carefully considering plant growth forms in planning; and maintaining healthy, hydrated plants in defensible space. With these considerations in mind, we discussed which defensible space zones could be best-suited for the tested plant species. Involving resident input and community horticulturalists in research direction allowed for targeted testing of species most relevant to the community of study and provided action-oriented collaborations with local stakeholders to improve fire-informed landscaping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105483"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research note: Surrounding landscape and local tree structure explain wear in boreal urban forests","authors":"Aku Korhonen,&nbsp;Leena Hamberg","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural urban green areas in cities are susceptible to degradation due to high levels of recreational use and trampling induced wear. The aim of this study was to relate the amount of wear (paths and worn ground) in boreal urban forests to landscape-scale and local-scale predictors to help assess risks associated with urban densification. Wear was measured in 73 forests in three urban centers in southern Finland and analyzed in relation to surrounding residential density, amount of nearby forest area, and local forest characteristics. Median observed worn cover was 12 % while the most affected sites were over 90 % worn. Higher residential density and smaller forest area had independent exacerbating effects on wear. Wear was also related to tree structure and tended to be larger in forest interiors than near the edge. Our findings showcase how landscape transformations in growing cities may translate into risks of ecological degradation in urban forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105485"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of urban trees on building energy use: a global literature review","authors":"Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Mengju Xie ,&nbsp;Thushini Mendis","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global energy crisis and climate change exacerbate urban heat island effects, trees offer significant potential to reduce energy demand by shading solar radiation and improving microclimates. However, there is a lack of comprehensive global reviews on the effects of urban trees on building energy use. This study aims to address the existing research gap by systematically reviewing peer-reviewed literature to investigate the impact of urban trees on building energy use across global climate zones, analyzing the mechanisms and pathway combinations through which trees influence energy use, and exploring optimal tree placement strategies for building energy performance optimization. Results show that trees can reduce cooling energy use by up to 60 %, with savings ranging from 31.75 % in equatorial climates to 4.78 % in snow climates. The impact on heating energy use varies widely, from −63.8 % to 45 %, depending on climate, tree species, and placement. Simulation studies analyze more complex pathway combinations (9 types) compared to empirical research (4 types), revealing methodological gaps in empirical studies of these mechanisms. Spatial analysis shows latitude-dependent optimization patterns, where for cooling, 38.5 % of studies recommend west-side planting while 23 % suggest south-side planting (though less effective at low latitudes). The optimal planting distances cluster at 3 m and 5 m for both cooling and heating effects, with high-latitude cooling extending to 9–12 m spacing. Future research should integrate interdisciplinary approaches, AI modeling, and high-resolution monitoring data to optimize tree-building energy interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105475"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining ‘adequate’ tree protection: Meeting urban canopy targets requires careful retention of mature trees","authors":"Thami Croeser ,&nbsp;Wolfgang W. Weisser ,&nbsp;Joe Hurley ,&nbsp;Thomas Rötzer ,&nbsp;Leila Parhizgar ,&nbsp;Qian (Chayn) Sun ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Bekessy","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canopy cover is increasingly recognised as an important aspect of the urban landscape, and as a result urban forestry plans have been adopted in many cities globally. These are often built around ambitious canopy cover targets, with a goal to keep cities cool and improve their amenity while delivering co-benefits like health improvements, flood reduction and enhanced biodiversity. Canopy targets and tree planting have tended to receive more attention than another critical determinant of canopy expansion: keeping the trees alive once they are planted. In this study, we use a model to examine how varying tree removal rates influences the long-term canopy cover provided by street trees, considering both typical policy timeframes and projections through the end of the century. The model uses allometrics from real urban trees in four cities to project canopy growth under a wide range of removal rates, for a wide range of potential urban forest characteristics. We find that retention of mature and maturing street trees is consistently critical, with removal rates exceeding 3% per annum generally associated with much lower canopy progress (and usually very poor results). The model’s outputs demonstrate how cities can build a clear case for better-integrated urban governance to ensure these challenging threshold values are avoided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105484"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking Outcomes: A quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of China’s major function-oriented zone planning","authors":"Kaiyang Jia ,&nbsp;Sujuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Xianjin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The competing demands for land resources among urbanization, food production, and ecological preservation present a critical challenge for sustainable development in developing nations. China’s Major Function-Oriented Zone Planning (MFZP), launched in 2010, represents a pioneering national-scale zoning planning to address these competing interests. This study provides the first comprehensive empirical assessment of MFZP’s effectiveness through a quasi-experimental analysis using county-level panel data from 2000 to 2020. Employing a Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Difference approach, we compare land development patterns between restricted and key development zones with similar baseline characteristics. Results demonstrate that MFZP successfully achieved its primary objective: restricted development zones exhibited significantly lower development intensity compared to matched key development zones, without showing significant negative impacts on per capita GDP growth. The effectiveness of the plan implementation varies notably across China’s economic regions and among restricted zones with different functional priorities. These findings validate the feasibility of large-scale spatial planning in balancing development needs and offer evidence-based insights for developing countries seeking to implement similar land-use management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105482"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving an African urban mosaic for insect pollinators through increased floral diversity and better functional connectivity","authors":"Ibukun Balogun ,&nbsp;James S. Pryke ,&nbsp;Temitope Kehinde ,&nbsp;Michael J. Samways","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small African urban areas are composed of an urban core, farms, and natural areas. This mosaic has high potential for providing refuge for urban biodiversity, especially for beneficial groups like insect pollinators. Insect pollinators are important for agricultural yield, yet are in decline in many parts of the world. However, to date, African urban areas as a refuge for these pollinators are poorly explored, despite increasing urbanization and agricultural intensification in recent decades. Here, we investigate how insect pollinator diversity differs between gardens, agricultural areas, and natural areas in a southern African urban mosaic. We also explore the influence of urban green spaces on the taxonomic diversity of insect pollinators. Direct observation and pan traps were used for assessing the diversity of pollinators, and we measured associated environmental, floral, and landscape variables. Results indicated similar pollinator diversity between agricultural and natural areas for some taxa, and between agricultural areas and the urban gardens for other taxa. Significantly, floral variables were the most important predictors of the pollinators, with the enhancement of floral diversity ameliorating the effects of urbanization and agricultural intensification. In contrast, landscape context was less important, although significant, for insect pollinators in these mosaics. Results, although varying significantly among taxa, suggest that agroecological farming may serve as a buffer from the effects of urbanization for natural areas and reduce the effect of urbanization on pollinators in urban gardens by providing the necessary resources. Here, we show that floral variables are important for improving urban green planning. This could be achieved by the establishment of more flowering plants, especially in human-modified areas such as semi-urban agricultural areas and urban gardens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105480"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of multi-scale urban habitat wildness: Integration of the rewilding theory into novel urban ecosystem restoration and management","authors":"Ge Hong,&nbsp;Maodan Li,&nbsp;Siyi Liang,&nbsp;Xuefei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global extension of novel urban ecosystems (NUEs), it is urgent to significantly adjust the restoration and management strategies apart from the traditional focus on historical assemblages. Urban rewilding provides a transformative direction in this context. However, there is a lack of multi-scale rewilding performance indicators and decision-making tools for NUEs, particularly at the urban habitat scale. Here, we proposed a multi-scale wildness conceptual model that nests from the biotope (plant community) to habitat scale and integrates biotope wildness and evenness based on the self-organization theory, where biotope wildness is constructed with naturalness and integrity. Secondly, we conducted an empirical study on 144 biotopes from 12 core habitats in Wuhan by plant survey and soil sampling. With the universal eukaryotic primer pair NF1F/18Sr2bR and high-throughput sequencing, we identified the main soil eukaryotic groups and assessed the above- and below-ground biodiversity. Next, we employed the spontaneous plant richness and a soil multidiversity index to represent biotope naturalness and integrity, respectively. Finally, we used the random forest algorithm, generalized additive model, and piecewise linear regression to further reveal the determinants of biotope wildness and their thresholds. The selected metrics were proved as good proxies for biotope naturalness and integrity, respectively, and have different determinants. There are indeed thresholds of biotope wildness determinants, which are useful tools for NUE management and restoration. This study highlights the necessity of transformative shifts in urban habitat management and restoration practices and reintroduction of natural processes to enhance urban socio-ecological resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105481"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shift toward extensive utilization: The long-term relations between building volume and utilization intensity in China’s 267 natural cities","authors":"Kechao Wang ,&nbsp;Linlin Ruan ,&nbsp;Wu Xiao ,&nbsp;Runjia Yang ,&nbsp;Jiatong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization is accelerating globally, with China’s urbanization rate increasing by 40 percentage points over the past four decades. However, the dynamic spatial coupling between building volume and utilization intensity during different urbanization stages remains unclear. This study proposes a novel method using multi-source long-term remote sensing data to characterize this coupling from both a fine-grained and city-level perspective from 1994 to 2021. By integrating high-resolution nighttime light data with building footprint data and building height data across China, we established the Lighted Building Index (LBI) to measure human activity relative to building volume. This allows us to further categorize cities into five distinct typologies and illustrating their dynamic interplay between development and coupling degrees. Spatially, findings reveal significant disparities in the coupling, particularly in urban centers where LBI values are lower than surroundings. Spatial differentiation along the urban–rural gradient further highlights complexities in urban utilization. Temporally, a notable transition from urban intensification to urban de-intensification over the past three decades is found, indicating a shift toward less efficient urban development. As economic growth occurs, the coupling between infrastructure investment and utilization intensity weakens, underscoring the urgent need for policy interventions. This study serves as a vital tool to promote sustainable urbanization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105466"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}